Mumagariro mberi

Social mberi - pfungwa iyi zvikuru rwakafara. Hunoratidza kwete chete kuchinja mumagariro upenyu rwokufamba pachena nzvimbo uye nguva. Pfungwa yokuti "munzanga mberi" iri usatsungirira chero tinyatsonzwisisa pakunaka kukura, kana chaizvo negwara. Chiitiko ndiyo mugumisiro munzanga kukura, izvo zvinoreva nokuwedzera zviripo uye sayenzi neruzivo, uyewo pakurera yakaoma evanhu sangano yauinayo. Saka, magariro mberi uye ayo zvinodiwa vanoratidza pakagadzwa kupfuura akaoma siyana vanhu. Zvinofanira akati kuti kuvandudzika evanhu upenyu hune rakananga kukanganisa kukura unhu. Panyaya iyi, mumagariro mberi mumakore achangodarika zvakanyanya kwakavakirwa humanistic pfungwa evanhu kukura, ane chinangwa chikuru ndiro zvakanaka, kuzvicheka-actualization womunhu.

Zvose pamusoro chinoratidza kunzwisisa tsanangudzo sezvo vakadaro. Mubvunzo Kuwanikwa mumagariro mberi muupenyu paruzhinji runoonekwa kubva mbiri pakatarisana pfungwa. Chokutanga pfungwa anoziva kuvapo pfungwa, uye wechipiri, ukuwo, asingadi kuziva.

By dzidziso kuti vanoziva magariro mberi, pfungwa uye ayo chinangwa chikuru chinofanira kuva, kupfuura zvose, kusanganisira pfungwa Parsons (American nyanzvi) uye pfungwa Condorcet (French nyanzvi-muzivi).

The yokupedzisira, muzvinyorwa ake akataura ariko mitemo munhau ndege. Condorcet aidavira kuti pfungwa anokwanisa kuchinja nyika iri ndaisagona hwaro. Maererano muzivi, magariro mberi kunobva zvikurukuru dzichiwedzera zivo yesayenzi uye dzidzo pasi rose.

Pfungwa iyi aiva chinokosha simba pamusoro maonero Comte. nyanzvi iyi French akagadzira mutemo zvinhanho zvitatu mumagariro mberi kukura kwevanhu, hwaro zvaakaita mberi zvedzidzo.

Dzidziso Comte uye Condorcet vakabatsira adzidze shanduka kwenzanga rava kuchikosheswa pakutsvakurudza munharaunda upenyu.

Pakazosvika zana remakore rechimakumi maviri pfungwa yaiva hwaro neoevolyutsionistov pfungwa. Mumiririri uyu muitiro aiva Parsons. Maererano naye, sezvo huru yokuona evanhu mberi Vatsigiri kusimbisa adaptive inokwana nzanga yose zvayo.

Pfungwa mumagariro shanduka chinotsigirwa dzakasiyana dzidziso post-maindasitiri uye mumaindasitiri vanhu. Sezvo mberi zvinodiwa vanoshandisa zvinhu zvakadai ukuru mazuvaano, padanho kukura tichitarisa zvigadzirwa, kushandurwa kwesayenzi kupinda magariro zvibereko simba.

Mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19 uye mangwanani nyanzvi rechi20 dzinoti zvimwe yakunda pfungwa mumagariro shanduka. In evanhu bhora , inoratidza netariro kwazvo, hworatidza kudavira kuti kufambira mberi mune zviripo uye sayenzi bhora achaita kutungamirira kuvandudzika kwevanhu zvakanaka, uyewo kuwedzera huwandu evanhu upenyu, zvokuti vanhu vachakwanisa kubvisa urombo, kusaziva uye kusaruramisira.

Pane dzidziso kuti vanoramba mberi. Sezvo methodological hwaro dzidziso iyi ndiyo kutaura imwe multiserver pfungwa iri kukura. Pfungwa iyi inoratidza fungidziro uye shanduka hunhu acho, vachiramba panguva iyoyo evanhu mberi uye mitemo munzanga.

Mumwe wokutanga chokuramba pfungwa Nietzsche waitsigira. Akashora Humanism uye rationalism. In zvaanofunga, chokwadi chipi nhoroondo ane fungidziro, uye magariro ruzivo haisi uye haagoni kuva zvinhu sezvazviri.