Muti we paulownia: tsanangudzo, mifananidzo, kudyara nekutarisira, kubereka

Adhamu, Sifafiri kana muti wejoka - aya ose ndiwo mazita emiti imwe chete, mumhando yezvinyorwa zvinonzi Pavlovnia kubva mumhando imwechete nemhuri. Iko mutungamiri chaiye pakati pehuniki hwehuni muhutano hwekukura kwehuwandu, ane huni hwakanaka hwehuni. Zvisinei, varimi vekurima uye vagadziri venyika vanozvifarira kwete nekuda kweizvozvo. Pavlovnia muti unoshamisa uye unofadza uye unofadza, kunyanya munguva yekufamba kwenguva. Iyo isingateereri mutsika, ichikura nokukurumidza, asi inonzi thermophilic. Nzira yekukura nayo kubva kumbeu, izvo zvinokura muvhu, mitemo yekuchengetedza - izvi ndizvo zvose zvauchawana munyaya yacho.

Tsanangudzo yemiti

Zita rayo rakanaka uye risina kujairika rinokonzerwa nevasayendisiti veGermany: J. botsuist J. Tsukkarini uye chiremba F. Zibold. Sezvo akawana uye akatanga kutsanangura muti wacho mushure mekuenda kuJapan, vakapa zita mukukudza Queen of the Netherlands, Grand Duchess weLondon Anna Pavlovna. Nyika yekuzvarwa yemuti iri Southeast Asia, Laos, Vietnam, Taiwan, muRussia, mumamiriro ezvinhu echisikigo inowanika muFar East. Nhengo iyi inosanganisira zvipenyu zvina, mutongi (kana kuti akanzwa) zvakasiyana-siyana inotanga mumunda uye paki tsika.

Muti wemiti we paulownia une chitunha chakananga nekorona yakareba, mashizha acho makuru (kusvika pamasere 25-30 murefu), akatarisana nehurefu petioles. Mune fomu rinotarisa kufanana neBirch. Leafleta yakabatanidzwa kana kuti yakadzika-yakanyatsotarisana nechemberi pamativi, pasina stipules.

Izvo zvigadziro zvemuti zvinonakidza zvikuru mukati megore, apo yakawanda yakareba maruva elac tubular akaunganidzirwa pairi, inounganidzwa mune imwe panicle yakasimba, inoyeuchidza makese. Iyo inonhuwira yakazara inozadza nzvimbo yakapoteredza, inokwezva zvipembenene zvinokonzera mapurisa. Iyo inozivikanwa kuti paulownia (muti waAdhamu) wakanaka mutakuri weuchi, pamwe chete nematacia. Uchi ine chinyorwa chinonhuwira, chakajeka, chiedza-chinyorwa, mumvuri wakajeka.

Maererano nemashoko chaiwo pamusoro pezita rezvinyorwa zvemazuva ano uye zvisikwa zvemafuro, izvo zviri zveumambo hwemichero, mazita ePavlovnia ane marudzi manomwe. Ngatitangei pamusoro petsanangudzo uye zvikamu zveumwe neumwe wavo zvakadzama.

Sapphiri muti

Zita rake rezesayenzi Paulownia kawakamii. Inozivikanwa nekukura zvakakurumidza, nemakore matatu inosvika pakakwirira mamita. Maruva akavezwa muvara resafiro rebhuruu rakazara nemuti wepakati. Iyo yakareba kwazvo, iyo inowedzera zuva iri, zviri nani muti unotanga. Sarudza nzvimbo dzakasara dzekudyara. Kurwisana nemamiriro emamiriro okunze, kuderedza kutsetseka kusvika -17 ° C uye pamwe chete kutonhora kusingaputi. Apolovnia yemhando iyi inofarira zvakanaka yakanyoroveswa ivhu nevhu uye midzi inopinda mukati kubva kubva pa5,5 kusvika kune 8.5.

Pavlovnia Forchun

Muti unobudirira, unosvika kusvika mamita gumi nemaviri pakureba, nyika yekwavo - China. Iyo troro iri yakarurama, korona yakaiswa korona, yakafara. Mashizha makuru akafanana nemoyo ari akatarisana. Maruva anounganidzwa mu paniculate inflorescences, mhando yemumvuri - yakasviba nechepakati chenima. Mushure mokunge maruva, pods yakaumbwa kusvika 5 cm murefu. Iyo inozivikanwa seimba yeimba, inokura nenzira yekushongedza "gorosi" gwenzi. Mune hanya zvinenge zvisinganzwisisi uye zvichishandura kune dzimwe nyika. Iyi mhuka inonzi thermophilic, dzinotonhora dzinoshuva dzakanyorova nehosi huru mumhepo yekupisa kusvika kune -9 ° C.

Pavlovnia elongata

Iyo muti wakareba uye unokurumidza kukura. Pavlovnia elongata, kufanana nedzimwe mhuka, ine ruzivo rwakasimudzirwa midzi. Maruva ane chimiro chinonzi lavender kana mumvuri mutsvuku uye nechepakati. Nguva inoyerera inogara kwenguva yakareba - kusvika kumwedzi 6. Muti une chine tsvina, yakarurama, korona uye yakashambadza korona. Mafuta ekushisa ari -10 ° C kusvika + 48 ° C. Mashizha ane chimiro chakafanana nemoyo, chiedza chakajeka muvara, parefu petiole, pasina mavara.

Pavlovnia Catalpa

Mukuonekwa uye maitiro, iyi mhuka chinhu chimwe pakati peolownia elongate uye inonzwa. Iyo michero ndiyo mhare muhuwandu hwekukura pakati peblackwoods. Kuwedzerwa kwegore negore pasi pemamiriro akanaka emamiriro okunze kwakasvika mamita 4. Pashure pemakore 3-4 paulownia inosvika kuhukuru hunofanana nemimwe miti iri nemakore makumi maviri. Maruva akafanana akafanana ne foxglove, yakakura, nemakumbo akapinda. Ruvara rwakasiyana kubva pane yakachena lilac kusvika kuchena. Mashizha anoyevedza, ane cordate, ane mimwe marita uye marefu petioles.

Pavlovnia tomentoza

Yakakurumbira mukugadzirwa uye tsika yemiti. Pavlovnia inonzwa kana tomentoza ibindu rinokosha uye nzvimbo yepaki, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakatsva uye mhepo inonaya. Maruva ezvinyoro zvinyararire mumvuri, huru, yakabatanidzwa mune zvakasimba paniculate inflorescence. Zvibereko ndezendarira biconvex box. Iyo inokosha kwete kwete chete yekunakidzwa kwayo, asiwo yehuni dzakaderera uye dzakasimba. MuJapan neChina, inoshandiswa kushingaira kuumba zviridzwa zvemimhanzi, midziyo yemitambo, trinkets, mhemberero, nezvimwewo.

Pavlovnia fargesii

Zvishoma zvinonyatsozivikanwa mumunda uye paki tsika. Iyi paulownia iyi muti (mufananidzo unoratidzwa pamusoro), iyo inoshandiswa mune zvekutengesa uye yakawanda yakawanda. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mhando dzine mhando yakasanganiswa kubva kawakamii uye Fortune. Kubvira pakuvhurwa kwake muna 1975, chirevo ichi chawana humwe humwe uchapupu hunorema: maitiro e morphological structure, kufanana kwezvigadzirwa zve enzymes. Iko kukura kwekukura kwakakwirira-kusvika 4 m imwe yega yega mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka. Crohn haana kukwana, achipararira. Maruva lilac mumvuri ane ruvara rwepepuru yakasvibirira.

Muti we paulownia: kudyara uye kutarisira

Vamiririri vepan genlo Pavlovnia vakafanana zvikuru kune mumwe uye kusarirwa kwavo kunowanzofanana. Zvose zvavo ndezvenguva refu-mhepo mumunda uye zvinogona kukura kwemakore zana. Miti hairemi kuti ivhu ribereke uye rinogona kudyara kunyange kune ivhu rine chitubu chinokwana kusvika 2%. Mubvunzo wakasiyana. Kana iwe uchida kuwana muti wakanaka, wakasvibirira uye unoyerera, zvakanakisisa kumupa ane chimiro chine mvura yakanyorova, yakanyorova ne pH = 6, clayey. Muti haufariri kutengesa: kunaya uye kuputika.

Mbeu dzakasimwa muvhu uye munguva yekuvhura (mushure mekuwa kwemashizha), uye mukati megore. Yokutanga inofanirwa kugadzirira gomba rekumhanyira, iyo hukuru hwayo hunobva pamudziro wehu (paavhareji 0,6х0,6х0,6 m). Pasi pasi, gadzira doro, ugozadza dheti revhu, wakaparadzira midzi yemuti, mudzi weutsi unofanira kugara pamwero wevhu, uye zvishoma nezvishoma unovata nevhu rakagadzirwa rakagadzirwa. Iyo yakazara paulownia miti (tsanangudzo yezvisikwa zviri kumusoro) inofanira kudyarwa munzvimbo dzakatsvuka uye dzakasununguka, apo kuvhara kwechiedza kunowanikwa kwemaawa akawanda, kunodzivirirwa kubva kumhepo inotonhora munguva yechando uye kubudisa muzhizha. Iyo ine brittle wood, saka inonyoreswa nyore nyore. Zvose zvinokonzera kushandiswa kwechando chisingaiti. Tine chivimbo chimbomira kudonhora kwenguva pfupi pakushambidzika kusvika -20 ... -25 ° C, asi maruva anowanikwa munyaya ino anopisa. Mumakore ekutanga mushure mekudyara kwechando, muti unofanirwa kuve wakanyanyisa.

Kunwisa uye kufudza

Muti unonzi thermophilic uye une hygrophilous. Anoda kudiridza nguva dzose, kunyanya pazera remakore (yekutanga kusvika kumakore matatu) uye pamasikati makuru echando. Inokonzera hurongwa hwekupararira kwehuputi hwe paulownia husingadikanwi, sezvo huchaita kuti kukurudzirwa kwemukati midzi, iyo inoparadza kuonekwa. Mvura muti wakadzika. Usashandise munzvimbo yakapoteredza pedo nayo mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvipembenene, sezvinoitwa nemiti yacho. Chidimbu chemaminerari uye manyowa ega ega aripo achiri muduku uye pasi pemamiriro ekusafa, ivhu rakapera. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, paulownia inowanzogara isingaiti pasi. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekukwanisa kwechimiro kufanana nekuumbwa kwenyika uye zvakasikwa zvakasikwa uye mamiriro ekunze.

Muti waAdhamu (paulownia): kubereka

Kuberekera kunogona kuitika nenzira nhatu: mbeu, cuttings uye vana vana. Muchiitiko chekutanga, varimi vese vanoyevedza vanofanira kucheneswa. Munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzezvitoro paulownia mbeu hazviwaniki kazhinji, asi zvakadaro pane. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti vanochengetedza kukura kwakanaka mumwedzi mitanhatu yekutanga, uye zvino vanotanga kukurumidza kukanganisa kukwanisa kukura. Kutenga nekumirira chigumisiro chakanga chisina maturo, funga nezvemashoko akaratidzirwa pane pepa. Kudyara kunoitwa mangwanani-ngwanani. Mbeu dzakaparadzirwa zvakanaka pamusoro pevhu rakanyoroveswa uye zvishoma chete zvakafukidzwa nenyika, yakafukidzwa negirazi uye yakaiswa munzvimbo ine ushamwari uye yakajeka. Mbeu dzinotora mushure mavhiki 4-5. Pavanenge vane mapaundi maviri emashizha chaiwo, vanofanira kuiswa muzvimedu zvakasiyana.

Mucheka uye mbeu dzinobva pamuti zvinogona kutorwa munguva yegore kana yekuvhuvhuta. Muchiitiko chekutanga, sprig haifaniri kunge yakareba. Kana uchidyara, uvige shank kusvika kumazinga evhu, kana kuti uisiye 3-4 cm kumusoro kwepamusoro.Kana zvisina kudaro, chitunha chitsva chinokanganisa. Kana maverengi mashizha kubva pamudzi wezvinomera, siya pane yakasimba, uye ucheke vamwe ne-pruner.

Pamusoro pehuni

Sezvatotaurwa, paulownia muti unokurumidza kukura, uyezve, ndiye mutungamiri mumuenzaniso uyu pakati pehuni hwehuni. Munyaya iyi, kubatsirwa kwezvokutengeserana kwekukwira kwayo kuchawanikwa pashure pemakore matatu. Chikamu chekutengesa chiri kuSouth-East Asia, sezvo chiri chimiro chekukura chemazvirimwa, chakashandiswa nemunhu munharaunda ino kwemakore anenge 1000. Zvinhu zvose zvinobva pamatanda: kubva pakuvaka zvinhu kusvika pafrebbhoards uye biofuel. Chokutanga, ine chiremera chechiedza uye pane chinoratidzwa ichi chinotevera chepiri shure kweBalsa. Pavlovnia yakafanana nealuminium munyika yenyika. Chechipiri, ine simba rinoratidza simba, kusanganisira kuparara. Chechitatu, iyo yakanaka kuvhara moto, kusingana moto. MuJapan, kare kare, kubva mumatanda ayo, mapfupa akaitwa, umo chete zvinhu zvakakosha zvakachengetwa kuti zvidzivirire kana pane moto.