Ndechipi uto munda pakuvhiya?

Pane zvakawanda anecdotes pamusoro basa vanovhiya. In vazhinji kwavari basa kusekwa sechinhu ratyama vatengesi venyama-humorists. Zvisinei, muupenyu chaihwo, chiremba uyu Profile rave zvakaoma chaizvo uye mutoro basa chokuita ngozi kuupenyu, kwete chete kumurwere asiwo chiremba pachake. Izvi zvinonyanya nyanzvi vechokwadi muchiuto mumunda kuvhiyiwa. Ngationei: wokupupura akadini, sei zvakasiyana nevamwe uye iyo inoshanda n'anga iyi profile.

Chii anonzi uto munda kuvhiyiwa

Mutsara uyu raireva wezvokurapa kuranga uye davi wokuvhiya kuti unyanzvi pakupa mishonga varwere, vanowirwa kanga, kazhinji zvakananga muitiro kurwa pachavo.

Kazhinji, waro mumunda mubereko zvinosanganisira vapfurwa uye shrapnel maronda, baya uye akacheka zvishoma.

Ndezvipi zvinhu uto kuvhiyiwa

Treatment yevanhu munguva yorugare uye yehondo yakasiyana, kunyanya kana totaura kuvhiyiwa.

Panyaya iyi, pane vakawanda kusiyana.

• Munguva kurwa vanovhiya vane kurapa akawandisa varwere vari pfupi nguva. Naizvozvo, vanachiremba nemauto anofanira kukwanisa kutanga kugadzirisa madzoro pamusoro kwokuomerwa akuvara dzavo.
• Jobs chinjwa chipatara uto kunoda kurapwa panyama kutsungirira. Pashure pezvose, kuwedzera kuita kurapwa, dzimwe nguva vanofanira kutakura vakakuvadzwa pasina rubatsiro kwemichina. Uyezve, munguva yakananga rwisana vanovhiya kazhinji kushanda masikati nousiku.
• The sangano dzoutano muhondo kunoenderana mamiriro ezvinhu panguva mberi (kurwisa, vakadzikama, dzokera shure).
• Military chiremba kakawanda ane zvishoma ekudzidza zvishandiso anoiswa yakarurama zvokuongorora murwere. Uyezve, kazhinji haana nguva yakakwana kuita kudaro (nokuti nyanzvi yakadaro, kakawanda kushanda muhondo). Saka vanofanira kuvimba ruzivo rwavo uye ruzivo, uye kwete pamusoro kuongorora uye kuverengwa.
• Pavanosarudza pamusoro mhando okurapwa, chiremba kunoratidzwa rinoraramisa iri nguva. Saka dzimwe nguva anomanikidzwa kufuratira nemigumisiro yakaipa zvimwe zvayo kurapwa, kusarudza zvitori. Saka, somuenzaniso, pamusoro hondo yokuVietnam muchiuto munda kuvhiyiwa zvinowanzodavirwa kuiswa cyanoacrylate (superglue). Pasinei kwayo toxicity inopfuura dzimwe gluing maronda, saka pakuponesa varwere kubva kufa nokurasikirwa neropa, zvichiita kuti avaise kubva kuhondo kusvikira zvipatara, kwavaigona kuva rubatsiro anokwanisa.
• All zvokushandisa uye zvokuridzira vanachiremba nemauto kuva Mobile, uye sezvo nyore sezvinobvira kuti chokufambisa, maererano basa ravo (zvichienzaniswa chipatara midziyo) akaramba kuti zvakakodzera mashoma.

Where kudzidza chirango ichi

Sezvo chaizvo emauto kuvhiyiwa panguva kurwa zvishoma akasiyana navo ake vanoita norugare nguva, munyika dzakawanda munyika pane zvikoro kurovedza vanachiremba akakodzera. MuEurope, vari akataura Military Medical Academy (VMA).

Military Kuvhiya vakadzidzisawo webetsero chirango uye purogiramu dzokurapa muzvikoro vakawanda profile. Zvisinei, pane mumayunivhesiti mune Ankara (Turkey), Belgrade (Serbia), Kiev (Ukraine), St. Petersburg (Russia) uye Sofia (Bulgaria) vanoda kuti pfungwa iri specialization ichi.

Kuwedzera kune masangano aya, zvinokosha uto Kuvhiya chingadzidzwa pane Military Medical University, USA.

zvokukura budiriro

Zvatakurukura zvinorehwa nemashoko "uto munda kuvhiyiwa", uye inobudisa basa vanachiremba uyu Profile, zvinokosha kudzidza nhoroondo yacho.

To musi, dzinounzwa nhoroondo 4 zvokukura kukura chirango ichi yezvokurapa.

1. Kubvira kare kusvika XIX remakore.
2. Military munda Kuvhiya ari XIX remakore. (Related kune buri N. I. Pirogova).
3. Wokutanga hafu XX. (Before Hondo Yenyika II).
4. Kubvira pakati XX remakore. kusvikira nhasi.

History munda Kuvhiya munguva dzekare

Kunyange zvazvo sezvo yakazvimirira zvokurapa chirango kuvhiyiwa panguva kurwa yakabuda chete XIX remakore., Same chakajairika yakaitika kare munguva yedu. Kutaura zvazviri, rose nhoroondo uto hwenyika kunosanganisira enhoroondo kubatsira vanodzvinyirirwa.

Wokutanga wakarebesa nguva muuto Kuvhiya inogona muzvikamu zviviri: pamberi nokugadzirwa kwezvombo zvidiki uye pashure.

Nezuva rokutanga pashure hondo varwi vaiva, sezvinoita mutemo, baya kana akatema maronda uye mitswe. Naizvozvo, vanachiremba yekare specialized mukurapa pavo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvinyorwa izvi akachengetedzwa ari zvinyorwa dzomunyika dzakawanda yekare (Ijipiti, Greece, Rome, China, India uye kunyange Russia). Zvichienderana izvi zvinozivikanwa kuti yekare uto munda vanovhiya vakatanga basa ravo mushure kurwa. Mukuwedzera, ukuwo varwere akabviswa kuti neminda zvipatara, uye kubatwa pakarepo. Zviri pachena kuti mukuru sei vanourayiswa mauto?

Nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa gunpowder uye pfuti maronda rave qualitatively achinja hunhu waida yakasiyana mhando hanya. Panyaya iyi, vatsvakurudzi vezvokurapa vakatanga kudzidza hunhu kukuvara rinenge nokuda mumwe vapfurwa kana shrapnel.

Over remakore, vanachiremba vakavaitira zvakasiyana. Kusvikira XVI remakore. zvaifungwa kuti nokuda vapfurwa kukuvara muchetura muviri upfu. Zvisinei, nokuda Ambroise Paré, ngano uyu akasara, uye bhururu wake Henri Ledran akatanga kunamata kwetsinga uye excision maronda kuti inoshandawo nhasi. Zvakaitika French vanovhiya kwave zvakanaka vakadzidza dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope, kusanganisira Russian umambo.

Wokupedzisira kuvazivisa Chiremba rechiuto A. Charukovsky kwakavakirwa Zvakawanikwa hwemvura uye Ledrana uye pachake zvaanorumbidza, akaita rondedzero yakatodzama hunhu vapfurwa maronda uye akapa zvikuru mberi (sezvo panguva) pamusoro zano kurapwa.

Field Kuvhiya ari XIX remakore.

Pasinei vanoshingaira kukura emauto kuvhiyiwa, kusvikira XIX remakore. nzira zvembuva yayo haina kuzadziswa uye aiva zvakavhiringika kuti zvinoshamisa kunoderedza mukana vanachiremba kuti aponese vakakuvadzwa.

Zvisinei, pamwe pakutanga XIX remakore. uwandu kuramba tichishanda kurwisana nezvombo yakawedzera yekudyidzana (zvichienzaniswa emakore akapfuura). Izvi zvinotarisirwa nevashandi utano kunatsiridza unyanzvi hwavo.

Kutanga Danho idzva munhoroondo rechiuto kuvhiyiwa pave Napoleonic hondo. Panguva mufambiro wavo hondo mambo French vakakwanisa kuratidza chiremba 2 - Pierre-Fransua Persi uye "amburenzi baba" Dominique Jean Larrey.

Vakatanga kuita kurapwa kwomurwi akuvara pashure hondo, asi zvakananga kwaari. Saka, Percy akaronga chaiwo zvikwata vanachiremba echiuto, uye Larrey akatanga tsika kubvisa yavakakuvadzwa panguva muhondo medics. Uyezve, iye akasika kwegadziriro Mobile zvomusejari zvipatara - "amburenzi."

Ideas vanachiremba French ipapo akatanga kushandiswa mune dzimwe nyika. In Russian Umambo nemhaka yavo Yakov Vasilevich Villie rakarongeka basa ezvinhu muzvipatara zvechiuto.

Mupiro Nikolaya Ivanovicha Pirogova

Mune ramangwana, kukura bazi iri mishonga akaita nomupiro hwakakura kuti Russian chiremba Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov, izvo vaiona muvambi munda kuvhiyiwa.

Kuti haana chete rokuti, asi akaitawo dzinoverengeka zvakawanwa zvinokosha kuti kukanganiswa kukura mushonga zvavo. Mukuwedzera asika wokutanga hwakadzama anatomical atirasi, akatanga kunamata euthanasia uye akuvadzwa Eteri yokutindivadza, achidzikisa vanourayiswa kubva zvinorwadza kuvhunduka uye akapa chiremba yakawanda nguva kuitisa maitirwe ezvinhu.

Uyewo, Nikolai akatanga kudzidzira nokuiswa starch uye varinamire mabhandeji nokuti mishonga mitswe uye kushandisa antiseptics. Zvose izvi kwakaderedza nhamba amputations.

Kunze dzose apa, chiremba mukuru kwakasimbiswa mafungiro Sorting vakakuvadzwa, iro richiri kushanda nhasi.

Kuwedzera nomupiro anoshanda muchiuto kuvhiyiwa, Pirogov rakanyorwa vanoverengeka yokungotaura mapepa ari kurapwa kukuvara kunosiyana kuoma, ndiko chaiwo nhasi.

Zvinosuruvarisa pfungwa dzakawanda chinokosha Nikolai Ivanovich vasina chinozoiswa kwose kwose asati afa. Chokwadi kuti vachida kuchinja yose uto utano hurongwa yeRussian Empire pane kuti kwenguva refu hutungamiri yaro nyore aisada govera zvinhu.

Development kumunda kuvhiyiwa yokutanga yezana XX remakore.

Pashure kuzarura Pirogov kwenguva refu ari nzira kubatsira varwi muhondo hapana chitsva akazviratidza. An kunze anogona kunzi chakatangwa joko uye chena Friedrich Esmarch chinokosha nomumwe kupfeka omumasherufu. Last kwakaita hakungobatsiri, asi mugove zvakaipa. Nokuda kudavira venhema dzidziso kusabereka vapfurwa muchikuvadza maronda akawanda (vachikumbira Kuvhiya) havana zvakaipa, uye akachengetedzwa pamwe package douches. Somugumisiro, masoja akawanda vakaparara nokuda utachiona hwapedyo pasi kupfeka.

Pakutanga World War First vanovhiya mauto British uye French vakanga vachishingaira anoita kuvhiyiwa pakurapa akuvara zvikuru. Izvi zvakaitwa kuti kubvisa zvakakuvadza munyama, izvo anoora, vakabatsira kuti chirwere. Kuwanda kufa kubva maronda akatanga kuderera.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kukura emauto kuvhiyiwa pakutanga pamusoro XX remakore. Zvikuru basa reDare mamiriro migwagwa. MuEurope, apo unhu yakanga yakakwirira, kuunza vakakuvadzwa kuti zvipatara zvakanga nyore zvikuru kupfuura muna Russian Empire. Mariri, pasinei mberi pfungwa Pirogov uye vateveri vake, kwemakore akawanda ezvinhu rechiuto Kuvhiya haana kuumbwa.

The mamiriro ezvinhu akachinja kuti kuonga nani Vladimir Andreevich Oppel. Ndiye kudzorwa kuRussia muchiuto munda mushonga, kwakavakirwa yakanakisisa nebudiriro dzomuzana vavatorwa mudzimba.

The yaifamba 1917 uye kuuya nesimba vaKomonisiti, sezvinei, haana kurambidza Oppel kuramba kukura indasitiri ino uye kuronga kudzidzisa zvivako kuti hurongwa kurovedza profile.

Zvinyorwa ake ari mangwanani 30-ies. It akaumba hwaro uto dzidziso Soviet zvokurapa. On yaro hwaro mune ramangwana kukura kwete chete muchiuto munda, asiwo kune zvavo kuvhiyiwa.

Danho chechina muna USSR uye post-Soviet nyika

Pashure peHondo Yenyika II, Soviet Union yakaramba kupinda muhondo, zvisinei, ane chikero duku. Ruzivo rwakawanikwa kuvarapi muna 1941-1945., Kwakawana yakataurwa 35 mavhoriyumu edition, izvo uchiumba shanduka wokuvhiya zvavo.

With mberi zvigadzirwa chiremba muchiuto vakakwanisa nokukurumidza vabva akuvara kubva dzeminda.

Nokuda kwaizvozvi, pashure kuguma hondo Afghanistan muna 1989, dzidziso kwemauto munda mushonga yave yakadzokororwa.

The kunetsana Afghan zvave unobatsira kuti zvinhu zvitsva. Pakati inonyatsozivikanwa vanachiremba vari indasitiri - Evgeniy Konstantinovich Gumanenko. Military Kuvhiya kumeso azviwanira theorist uye vaiita.

Haana pachake akanunura zviuru zvakawanda vakuvara apedzera zvikuru kunzwisisa mashandiro mumunda, asi akanyorawo zvakawanda emirayiridzo panyaya. Ndiye muvambi imwe yakakurumbira post-Soviet mabhuku uto kuvhiyiwa. Gumanenko EK aivawo wenhoroondo vaiona kurangwa.

International munda Kuvhiya muUnited States mushure Second World

Keteni Resimbi, iyo USSR akanga akakombwa akabviswa nyika mushure Great Patriotic War, makadzivisa kukura emauto munda kuvhiyiwa munyika. Somuenzaniso, muna Europe uye US, asi indasitiri yave vakashanduka zvikuru nokukurumidza. Sezvo kutanga Vietnam War muUnited States vakadzidza nokukurumidza vabva vakuvara kubva dzeminda.

Uyezve, nyika dzokuEurope pakapera Hondo Yenyika II vaishingaira pave Mobile namano uye zvokushandisa kuti zvive nyore nhasi chiremba basa mumunda. Uyewo zvakanga tega dzakatevedzana hemostatic, krovozamenyayuschih, inonyaradza marwadzo omusoro - inokubvumirai kuponesa mazana ezviuru zvevanhu muhondo uye yorunyararo.