Nderipi maatomu akafanana, vanoumba goko nyika?

Nokuti vanhu vaya vainyatsoteerera mudzidzisi pachikoro, uchafarira kuziva kuti kuziva kuti huru maatomu akafanana, vanoumba goko nyika - ndiko oxygen.

The pasi goko, mamiriro ayo

The maviri Mhando chikuru pasi goko iri Continental uye Oceanic. The zita chinoreva, vari akakamurwa chii chinoita. Ivo dzinosiyana sezvamunoita, mamiriro nezvimwewo maitiro.

Akaturikidzana kuti goko paNyika mu Oceanic kumatunhu sezvinotevera:

• emadhaka, anofukidza pasi penyanza (rukoko ukobvu - kubva metres shoma makiromita maviri);
• basalt, nokuda crystallization pamusoro magma aumba iyo haazotaurwizve magma makamuri (ukobvu - kubva 4 kusvika 10 kilometers);
• gabbro-unomonereka mekuparadzanisa goko kubva jasi (5-6 km).

Sezvineiwo, kare akaparadzanisa Oceanic goko chete maviri akaturikidzana vokutanga, asi kuitisa zvidzidzo Geological, masayendisiti vanozivikanwa marongera wechitatu.

Akaturikidzana kuti goko paNyika mu Continental nharaunda:

• Emadhaka (ukobvu - kusvika 15 kilometers);
• girenayiti (15 kusvika 50 kilometers);
• Basalt (15-20 kilometers).

The Continental goko ane kukuru kukwanisa (t. E. ukobvu) kupfuura gungwa, nekuti unomutswa pamusoro pegungwa, uye makomo zvavo hunopfuura kwazvo Oceanic goko simba.

Makemikari anoumba goko paNyika

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, chikuru chinhu, vanoumba goko nyika - ndiko oxygen. Sezvingatarisirwa, hazvisi ndiripo yakaisvonaka chimiro, uye anoita se yeimwe nevamwe zvine maatomu akafanana kupinda murwiyo, uye sezvo vakadaro zvinoenderana wayo kunopfuura 49 muzana.

Zvinoumba goko anodana aluminosilicate, aruminiyamu yeimwe (rechi13 chinhu periodic table kwemakemikari zvinhu) nesilicon (Silicium - mu periodic table vane mabhomba nhamba 14) pamwe oxygen. The chikamu ari Oceanic goko Sio ₂ - 61,9, apo Continental - 49.4, uye zviri aruminiyamu mukomboni pakati Al ₂ O ₃ ndiye anenge chete - 15.6% uye 16% azvaitwa. Other zvinhu zvakadai calcium, magnesium, ferrum, titanium, yavaibvisa, potassium, manganese, iyo oxidizes chikuru chinhu vanoumba nyika goko, rwugare nhamba kubva 0.1 kusvika 5.7 muzana.

ruzivo chii kudzidza pasi goko anopa chikoro nesayenzi jogirafi

goko The Earth ari rokudzidzisa kwacho ari munyaya yacho ndiwo Pasi, kuti ndiwo mubvunzo mumwe nechepakati rwomumwoyo mbiya - chinoumba nguo uye, chaizvoizvo, goko paNyika, zvinosanganisira lithospheric ndiro, kutamira yakaderera kumhanya (kusvika 10 masendimita gore) pamusoro nejasi. Kamwe Canadian geophysicist akaunzwa dzinonakidza kuenzanisa. Akati kuti Panyika zvakafanana zai, vakabika "muhomwe", kuti hakuna abika.

Crustal mamiriro (Grade 7, nenzira, muudzame, uye kwazvo anoongorora nyaya pane rechitanhatu chirongwa) anodzidzwa pachishandiswa mabhuku, izvo hamuneni nguva itsva matongo uye kuchinja chimiro vanovengwa Earth. Asi dzinokosha pfungwa nezvevanakomana inosvikirika zvikuru uye zvakarurama.

Hwakazara kubva Earth

Musafunga kuti kamwe kufamba akaturikidzana ari goko ndiyo vasingakoshi - chete 10 masendimita pagore, hapana ngozi kuupenyu hwevanhu ikoko. Mukupesana, mabasa, zvakavigwa pasi goko, hwokushingaira zvikuru uye simba. Tiri kutaura kwenyika uye kuputika kuputika.

Vamwe mabhuku dzinoratidza kuti mugore munyika yose pane anenge mazana mashanu ezviuru kwepasi kunosiyana ukobvu. The soro Basa kunoonekwa akapoteredza Pacific ndiro.

Chii chokuita njodzi iyi?

Kudzivirira kwepasi hazvibviri. Masimba kuti wakatsamwisa njodzi, mhiri kudzorwa murume, nokuti dzinorwadza zvakadzika zvikuru kupfuura aigona nda vanhu. We chete "kukuchidzira kumativi" pamusoro rukoko (asi mukati 13 kilometers) panguva apo zvakadzamisisa akanyorwa nzvimbo yacho kudengenyeka kwacho kwakanga 750 makiromita.

Asi zvose chakaitwa kufunga nezvematambudziko njodzi, simba rayo uye nzvimbo. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, seismographs.

Constant tsvakurudzo chinopa mukana kuti mufananidzo seismological basa, uye kuti ngaafunge izvi paivakwa. Mainjiniya, akavapindurawo, vari kushanda itsva mazano anogona withstanding basa rakadaro. Rinoitwa basa rukuru pamusoro inoudza voruzhinji sei kuzvibata kana nokudengenyeka kwenyika.

Zvinotyisa Fani, izvo zvinogona kuitika somugumisiro denda - tsunami. Saka, muna 2011 hombe mafungu mugungwa mvura aparadza nyika North-East kweJapan, semubairo kufa vanenge 16 zviuru vanhu, uye vanodarika miriyoni zvivako zvakaparadzwa zvachose kana yapera. Kusanganisira reactors matatu panguva renyukireya simba chirimwa "Fukushima-1". Vanopfuura zviuru mazana matatu vanhu vakasiyiwa pasina denga pamusoro musoro wako. Ichi chiitiko chete sei Kutenderera paNyika, asi zvakaoma kuoneka kune vanhu, sezvo zuva vakava mupfupi kubudikidza microseconds 1.8 chete. Ndizvozvo, anobata pamusoro chii chikuru chinhu, vanoumba goko dzenyika, takaenda matambudziko angamuka nokuda kwemasayendisiti zvakavanzika nayo.