Sechivako goko paNyika

Maererano pfungwa ano, nyika yedu zvemaumbirwo chinosanganisira anoverengeka akaturikidzana - Geospheres. Ivo zvisingapindirani kwavo mumuviri ehupfumi, makemikari anoumba uye ezvinhu aggregation. Pakati Pasi ndiro chinoumba, uchiteverwa jasi, ipapo - panyika goko, hydrosphere uye mhepo.

Munyaya ino tichakurukura sechivako goko paNyika, inova yokumusoro chikamu lithosphere. Zvinomirira rwokunze chakasimba goko yacho yose, simba iri kuti pasi (1.5%) kuti unogona kuenzaniswa nhete firimu pasi pose. Zvisinei, pasinei neizvi, ndicho pamusoro rukoko dzenyika nechepasi iri zvikuru vanhu sezvo ichikonzera zvicherwa.

The kuhukura ivhu conventionally rakakamurwa akaturikidzana matatu, rimwe nerimwe yazvo nenzira inoshamisa.

1. Top rukoko - emadhaka. Zvasvikira imwe Ukobvu kubva 0 kusvika 20 km. Sedimentary matombo kuumbwa nokuda deposition wenyika zvinhu panyika, kana avo sedimentation pamusoro pasi hydrosphere. Ndivo rwenyika nechepasi, avete kwake zvinotevedzana akaturikidzana.
2. Middle rukoko - granite. ukobvu Its anogona dzinosiyana 10 kusvika 40? km. Iri igneous dombo rakaoma rukoko chakaumbwa kuputika magma kwaizotevera solidification panyika mukobvu ari mukuru kumanikidzwa uye tembiricha.
3. Chinonyanya layer chikamu nemamiriro goko - basalt, zvakare, ane magmatic mavambo. Rinotibatsira mukuru yakawanda calcium, simbi uye magnesium, uye ayo vakawanda zvikuru kupfuura girenayiti padombo.

Sechivako goko paNyika harisi chete pose pose. Zvikurukuru unoshamisa kupesana ndivo Oceanic goko uye Continental. Pasi mumakungwa goko iri wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose uye mukobvu pasi makondinendi. Rine pakukora mukurusa dzine neeSultan gomo.

The nemamiriro Oceanic goko chinosanganisira maviri akaturikidzana - sedimentary uye basaltic. Pasi basalt rukoko ndiye Mokho pamusoro, uchiteverwa yokumusoro nejasi. Seafloor akaita zvakaomesa zvokuyamura siyana. Pakati zvose kusiyana kwavo nenzvimbo inokosha nzvimbo huru pakati-yomugungwa anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri, apo jasi zvichiitika vaduku basaltic Oceanic goko. Magma ane kuwana kuburikidza vainazvo mhosva kuna pemvura - vagadzirisane unomhanya kuburikidza nechepakati muhomba achitevedza nenhongonya. Kunze magma Anopararira, nokudaro nguva dzose kukuvadza kanjoni masvingo voga. Izvi anonzi "kupararira".

Crustal mamiriro zvikuru kunzwisisa pamusoro mumakondinendi kupfuura pasi munyanza. The Continental goko ane nzvimbo nzvimbo duku zvikuru pane penyanza - kuti 40% of panyika, asi ane yakakura kukwanisa. Under matombo wasvika rimwe Ukobvu 60-70? Km. The Continental goko ine-rukoko matatu maumbirwo - munhu emadhaka layer girenayiti uye basalt. Muzvikamu, akadana nhoo, girenayiti rukoko riri pamusoro. Somuenzaniso - kuBaltic Shield, yakavakwa girenayiti matombo.

Underwater kunyanyisa of kondinendi - yacho pasherefu anewo Continental crustal mamiriro. Unosanganisira uye Kalimantan, New Zealand, New Guinea, Sulawesi, Zimbabwe, Madagascar, Sakhalin, etc. uyewo zvemukati uye zviratidzo zvinoendesa kune makungwa .: The reMediterranean, Gungwa Azov, kweGungwa Dema.

Muganhu rukoko pakati girenayiti uye basalt kunogona chete zvishomanana, sezvo vane yakafanana mwero zvizivikanwe nemichina nemafungu, zvakatemwa kubudikidza arambe achirema wenyika akaturikidzana vavo sezvamunoita. Basalt Mokho rukoko neVadzidzi pemvura. Emadhaka rukoko vangava thicknesses zvakasiyana, zvichienderana yaiva payo landforms. In gomo Somuenzaniso, iye kana ndisipo, kana ane vashomashoma ukobvu, tichifunga nezvokuti anodzora nezvimedu vanozoona pasi pamwe egomo vakadhakwa nechitarisiko mauto. Asi simba kwazvo foothill munzvimbo, zvanza uye dzegirini. Saka, muna ari reCaspian kuora mwoyo wasvika 22 km.