Mirror symmetry uye pfungwa runako

Apo tinoziva kubva kosi kuchikoro geometry, symmetry anogona kuva mumwe mhando nhatu: nechepakati, axial uye symmetry panyaya chero ndege. Akadana nechepakati symmetry ari chinhu hama yacho (muenzaniso nyore chaizvo - chero denderedzwa), axial - symmetry pakureva yakarurama mutsetse, uye yokupedzisira maonero proportionality (hama kuti ndege) rinozivikanwa kwatiri sezvo girazi symmetry.

Geometry masvomhu tipei nzira zvakajeka dzatinogona kuziva zvakajeka iyo sangano rinogona kunzi akanaka, uye chii - kwete. Zvisinei, kunze mutauro kuchifinha pane mumwe parameter kuti munhu unoita anenge kukanganisa-vakasununguka - ndicho runako.

Kunyange vaGiriki vekare vakaona kuti zvakafanana, ichibata zvinhu yokusafa kuwirirana uye runako. yemasvomhu German H. Weyl panguva yake akanyora ake "yokunyora nokudhirowa pamusoro symmetry", iro anoti kuti symmetry uye runako chaizvo kufanana. Maererano naye, chii anonzi nepakati, ine kuwana kukura uye symmetry pachakwo zvakanaka - iri rinokosha mhando coherence wapasi.

Mirror symmetry mu geometry kazhinji isu kufambidzana nguva polygons, asi kana iwe kunyatsotarisa, nhamba idzi chaizvo nevakawanda zvakasikwa. Vamwe vavo vanogona kuonekwa muchimiro crystals, mumwe - muchimiro majemusi kana mavhairasi.

Mirror symmetry kwakajairika chaizvo mapurani. Hazvina aripo zvose zvivako muIjipiti yekare uye yekare Greece temberi nezvisaririra zvakanaka zvedzimba dzaiitirwa, basilicas uye kwokukunda namaberere Roman, Renaissance machechi uye dzimba, uyewo mumabasa akawanda panguva mapurani.

Zvakasikwa, mugirazi symmetry maitire mhuka uye zvirimwa zvikure kana kutama newokuti panyika, uye rinowanzoshandiswa kuwanikwa muchimiro zvakaita nzvimbo iri mvura pose rwizi, nyanza, etc. Muenzaniso unoshamisa raro mavara shavishavi mapapiro nomufananidzo chaizvo rinoenderana zvinoshamisa.

Zvino kutendeuka pazvinovaratidza murume. Nei vamwe vanhu vane mukurumbira nokuda rakanyorwa akanaka, uye zvachose kuine mamwe kukwezvana kwevanhu? Masayendisiti okuBritain inotungamirwa shanduka zvipenyu William Brown akaronga kuti mhinduro yakarurama yomubvunzo uyu uye aidzidzisa, yakanga wakapindwa 37 vechiduku vakadzi 40 vechiduku (a hwakadzama mushumo wakabudiswa muna PNAS bhuku racho). Pakutanga, masayendisiti akasikwa scanner volumetric-dimensional matatu muenzaniso muviri nerimwe vechikamu muedzo uyu. Vaongorori 24 parameters vakatsunga sei yakarurama girazi symmetry mumwe muenzaniso. Pashure paizvozvo, mumwe muzvipiri akakumbirwa taizviisa kuda kuva nhengo vanhukadzi.

Mugumisiro wacho akasara mubvunzo zvose. Kuedza hwakaratidza kuti mugirazi symmetry muviri une zvakananga kukanganisa nokunaka munhu. Uye ichi ichokwadi kuti vose varume nevakadzi.

Vamwe ichi chinogona akapedzisa? Ideals yokunaka shanduko, asi panguva imwe chete toramba chete - kuda kuva nechikonzero iri symmetry. Uye ichi ichokwadi kuti zvose tichigara munyika ino inoshamisa.