Chii gobvu gungwa munyika?

Wati funga nezvokuti, apo riri gobvu gungwa munyika? Ndezvipi zvachiri? Anogara ikoko? No? Uye ndinoda?

Mhinduro dzemibvunzo zvose izvi unogona kuwana Kunyatsoziva zvinhu yacho.

Section 1. gungwa?

iwe isu asati nezvoUmambo gobvu gungwa munyika, tinopa munhu tsanangudzo zvikuru pfungwa. Saka, pasi pegungwa zvinoreva kuti venyika yomugungwa, vakaparadzana nomumugwagwa kana pasi pemvura nomunzvimbo dzine kwakadzikira.

Kazhinji, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kubva nyika mugungwa gungwa yakasiyana okunze, Meteorological uye hydrological hwoudzvinyiriri. Izvi imhaka yokuti vari kazhinji iri kumicheto munyanza, uye nokuda shoma yokukurukura rakazaruka chikamu mvura nzvimbo tinoberekwa pavo kunonoka mvura exchange.

Uye tsanangudzo geography bhuku rinoti kuti pasi pegungwa vanofanira kunzwisisa guru yakawanda mvura munyu, iyo zvakabatana mvura goko Nyika, kana kuti Great Salt Lake, riri kure zvachose mumakungwa uye asina nzira yokubudisa.

Mumwe kubva mugungwa, Chokwadi, avo akasiyana kasvisto dzavo uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka.

Chikamu 2: Sea Philippine

Zvino, zvichida, chero mudzidzi anogona zita gobvu gungwa munyika. Philippine ichi, riri pakati zvitsuwa nechokumadokero Pacific. Nemhaka inodziya dzenzvimbo, mvura pano ine avhareji tembiricha ²⁵ ° C uye salinity nzvimbo inosvikira 35.1%.

Mukuru udzamu chakanyorwa ari Mariana mugoronga , kana vanonzi vari Mariana mugoronga. Zvichida vose kanenge kamwe muupenyu hwake akanzwa pfungwa iyi pamepu. Uye vaitungamirira mabhaisikopo ano kazhinji mariri zvikara zvisingaoneki, hove zvekumwe, yakafukidzwa zvitendwa nezvirahwe.

The kudzika mugoronga iri 11 022 m. Zvisinei, nhamba idzi anofungidzirwa. Dzimwe nyanzvi vanosimbirira kuti chokwadi nhamba kungava vanhu chikuru nyore haisati zvazviri vakagadzirira nokuyerwa zvikamu izvi.

Zvichakadai, gobvu gungwa munyika ine vanopfuura zviuru zvinomwe wakajeka chaizvo muzvitsuwa dzomutambo kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka.

Pakati ayo zvakwakanakira Unogona kusarudza rakasiyana Pangaskhanskie nemapopoma, nyanza, kuputika kwemakomo, namapako uye akapfuma Undersea nyika, vakaisawo kubudikidza hove huru, mhou gungwa, nenjiva, Sharks, Dolphins, stingrays makuru, eels nevamwe Japanese.

Section 3. Gungwa Coral

Kana isu nezvazvo chii yakadzika gungwa iri Southern Hemisphere, hazvibviri tisingatauri Coral. Zvinonzi munzvimbo dzinopisa pakati Pacific Ocean uye ndokwenguva nzvimbo dzinopfuura mamiriyoni 5 mativi mamita. ? km. Vamwe mwoyo dzakaonekwa nemasayendisiti zvayo makadzika tinosvika kudzika 9000 m.

Nepariri, izvozvo pakugadzwa kumahombekombe Australia kuna Solomon Islands, muzvitsuwa New Guinea, uye New Hebrides, uye kuchamhembe-kumadokero kunze Indian Ocean.

The mvura mugungwa gore rose zvakanaka kudziyirwa kumusoro. The avhareji yomwedzi nomwedzi tembiricha anoda kubva 20 ^Haiwa C kuti +28 ^Haiwa C.

Zita Gungwa Coral haasi netsaona. Nokuda kwoukuru nekorari nyuchi uye kumboongororwa, pazvitsuwa zvacho, pazvitsuwa zvisaririra zvemhuka nekorari polyps, uye vakagamuchira zita rayo.

Zviya, usakanganwa kuti muchikamu ichi mumakungwa, pane chikamu chikuru Coral nemamiriro nyika - Mukuru Chipingamupinyi Dzedu Dziri. To musi, yakafara riri pakati 60 uye 80, uye rinopfuurira akaererana kweAustralia ari chinhambwe 30-60? Km kubva kumhenderekedzo kupfuura 2,000? Km. Masayendisiti anoti ichi hachisi muganhu, nekuti nerimwe gore anova chete zvakawanda the reef.

Kuwedzera kune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana korari Sharks uye magakanje, zvinonzi yaigarwa nevamiririri zvizhinji pasi pemvura nyika: gungwa anemones, nyeredzi, mhou, gungwa urchins, kubhururuka hove, gungwa wemagaka, hofori gungwa nenjiva, clams, chepfu ibwe hove-prilipialy hove pteroisy uye nevamwe.

Chikamu 4: Sea Tasman

Pakati nemahombekombe chitsuwa New Zealand uye Australia muSouth Pacific, riri rimwe gobvu gungwa munyika - Tasman.

An nzvimbo 3340 sq. ? km uye afanane chimiro rhombus. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, zvinoita zvasvika kudzika hombe kwazvo 6,000 m. Kunyange zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti izvi ndizvo daro chine kukurira ndege Somuenzaniso, kubva kuMoscow kusvika Khabarovsk.

Okunze munyika dzakasiyana-siyana mugungwa anosiyana yekudyidzana. Nei izvi zvichiitika? The ndechokuti zviri munharaunda yakakura akasiyana okunze dzinodengenyeka.

Pemvura yegungwa mvura kuchamhembe rematsutso kusvika +27 ^{° C,} kumaodzanyemba - muzhizha chete kusvika +15 ^{° C} uye muchando anodonhedza kusvika +9 ° ^C. Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kuti worudzii ari Tasman gungwa upenyu zvakafanana zvikuru kusiyana of Coral.

The pemvura nyika yakaitwa matombo ekorari nokure, Sharks, pazvitsuwa zvacho, dzisingaoneki hove huru, hove huru, muurayi hove huru, Tuna, mackerel nezvimwe zvisikwa zhinji gungwa.

Section 5. Sea Banda

In kumavirira, nePacific Ocean Gungwa Banda, pakamanikana iyo zvakabatana dzimwe nyika mugungwa.

nzvimbo yacho 714 zviuru. ^Km2. Pfungwa, zvinonzi vaitirei gungwa rakadzika ane kunonyanyisa kudzika 7440 m, apo avhareji iri 2737 m, kureva anenge kufanana kuti gobvu gungwa kugeza Russia, - .. Bering.

Masayendisiti akawana kuti dzegirini 6 ndiye Banda, kusiya chinhambwe pamusoro kudzika 4000 m. Vose vakaparadzana neeSultan uye nezvikumbaridzo.

Chimwe unoshamisa chinhu aigona kunzi chokwadi kuti gungwa iri mu chinoshingaira kuputika nzvimbo yebasa, saka vazhinji chitsuwa ndiko kuputika mavambo.

Sea Banda ane siyana kasvisto uye Fauna of vakapfuma, akapa hove dzakasiyana-siyana akasiyana makuriro, mavara uye zvitarisiko. Marine zvinenge kurarama kunyanya vari kumahombekombe kudzika mapazi.

Pakati vamiririri pemvura nyika kunongova akasiyana pasi uye the reef Sharks, stingrays, stingray, moray eels, korari nyeredzi pfava, gungwa anemones, gungwa nyoka, gungwa urchins, nyeredzi uye zvichingodaro.

Section 6. Caribbean

In kumavirira, Atlantic Ocean pedyo neequator iri Caribbean pamwe zvitsuwa zvizhinji, jecha mahombekombe, mvura yakachena, inopisa, mupfumi zvomugungwa uye wakajeka nzvimbo.

Kunenge kuti munhu kubva vafambi ano vanoziva kuti, kuenda pano pazororo, ivo vose vane mukana kushanyira mumwe zvakadzamisisa makungwa panyika.

Sea avhareji tembiricha kuti mvura inoramba kumbochinja zvachose yose gore, kubvira +23 ^O C kuti +28 ^Haiwa C.

Zviri musha anenge 500 akasiyana mhando hove, pakati zvinova hove Goliath, angelfish, papukaija hove, moray eels, vanoverengeka zvisingawanzoitiki mhando Sharks, Dolphins, dzisingaoneki hove huru, hove huru.

Section 7. The Sea Bering - gobvu gungwa kuRussia

Sea Bering - mumwe kupfuura pakugadzira zvibereko uye dzakasiyana zvinhu zvipenyu zviri panyika.

Riri pakati Russia uye Alaska, uye zvakarurama unobereka musoro "The zvakadzamisisa Sea Arctic."

nharaunda Its anenge chiuru km ^2.

Kazhinji, gungwa rinoumbwa Arctic uye Sub-peArctic mvura. Zvinoshamisa, zviri akafuma kwazvo ayo zvipenyu. Zvisinei, chokwadi, nevaya vangave physiologically achigara tembiricha yakaderera kwakadaro.

Nyanzvi dzinoti pane zvose zvinhu nekuda kuvapo kwemarudzi anopfuura 450 hove, molluscs, crustaceans, hove huru, Dolphins, walruses, zvisimbiso, gungwa shumba, polar mabheya, anopfuura 200 eshiri kubva mumakondinendi ose uye 26 mhando zvomumvura mhuka.

Bering Sea - rimwe remasangano mitumbi Semi-akanyudzwa mumvura, rinongotaura kumiganhu makondinendi maviri, izvo vaiona kuti kuchamhembe kuwedzera nePacific Ocean.