The "pfungwa Drain". zvikonzero

Maererano kuti pfungwa musarudzo, kuti ndiye "pfungwa Drain", anozivikanwa munyika yedu haina zvose. Asingasviki 90% kubva vokuRussia chinhu akanzwa nezvazvo uye 60 chete% kuziva chaizvo chii. Zvichakadai, mubvunzo unokosha uye zvakakomba, nokuti izvi yekudyidzana kunokanganisa mabhora siyana evanhu upenyu.

The "uropi Drain" - ndiyo yose inofashukira (kuenda kumwe) masayendisiti chokuita kunaka kuchinja munyika. Kubvira mangwanani nineties, apo hurumende Soviet vakadonha ane mutsaona, uye kuRussia akasvika dambudziko riri simba kunyanya upfumi bhora, chinokosha chikamu kudzidza vanachiremba, vatsvakurudzi uye dzimwe vamiririri nyika kwesayenzi vakasarudza kuchinja nzvimbo yavo yokugara, vakaenda kune dzimwe nyika. Saka, mumakore asingasviki 10, nhamba nyanzvi yawa nehafu. The "pfungwa zvaimutambisira" anoenderera nhasi. Zvichida kwete kutoshanda, asi migumisiro zviri kunyatsooneka.

Zvisinei, dambudziko - nevakawanda chikonzero, izvo zvisiri kusvikira pakuguma anoumba mufananidzo zviri kunetsa. Mhedzisiro zvakaipa zvoupfumi mamiriro ezvinhu munyika akanga kuti hurumende chikuru bhajeti mari dzinounzwa kuti pave nedzimwe nzvimbo, achikanganwa mapazi yesayenzi. Saka, mari, iyo yaizova zvakakwana kuti zvinoitika nokuvapo kutsvakurudza kwenyika (tisingatauri mukana mutsva matongo uye utsanzi rutsigiro), pakanga rakapotsa pasina. A "pfungwa zvaimutambisira" zvakatanga kuitika nokuti dzimwe nyika vakanga vachida kwete chete zvakakwana mari mari, asi noupenyu hwakanaka mune Pamagariro evanhu zvinopa masayendisiti.

The ungwaru pamwero nyika - haisi zvokuti quantitative sezvo Qualitative zviratidzo. Uye dambudziko "pfungwa zvaimutambisira" ndiko kuti unyanzvi vashandi vari vagari Russia uye vanokwanisa kuunza zvinokosha zvikomborero kune kumusha, mubasa pakutsvakurudza zvinhu kunze kwenyika. The chikamu vanhu vakadaro kubva uwandu masayendisiti anenge 80. Vamwe 20 hunonzi uye kushanda kunogona kuita wechokwadi yesayenzi chimurenga. Zvakawanikwa navo, unogona yekudyidzana rikurumidze zvokugadzira zvinhu mberi, vachiuya Russia kuvandudza.

The akaipa nevakawanda kuedza kugadzirisa-siyana. Somuenzaniso, mune dzimwe nyika, maererano Institute for Labor Studies rakabva rarambidzwa nehurumende kutamira vadzidzisi zvikuru vanokwanisa uye vanachiremba. Zvisinei, kunyange kupiwa chokwadi ichi, vanhu vanowana nzira vachinje nzvimbo yavo yokugara.

The "pfungwa zvaimutambisira" rine zvakawanda mirayiridzo. Izvi hazvisi achinyora kwenyika hazvo. Kazhinji, achivimbisa nyanzvi kana vadzidzi kudzidza kukoreji, sarudza dzidzisazve, kushanda, somuenzaniso, mubasa zvekutepfenyura. Hazvishamisi, uye vanonzi "leakage pfungwa": masayendisiti munyika regai kusiya, havana chete kutengesa zvirongwa zvavo uye pfungwa kune dzimwe vatengi. Uyezve, vanotsvakurudza chaizvo kazhinji Russian vaidyidzana vashandirwi dzimwe nyika. Chikonzero chimwe - hurumende haadi kana havagoni kupa zvinoverengeka nesayenzi zvekutepfenyura mari yakakwana. Ndokusaka dambudziko "pfungwa zvaimutambisira" ndiyo nhasi rimwe kudiwa.