Guta kutenderera: Danho fomura. kufamba guta

In nezvikoro upfumi guta pfungwa iri kazhinji zvichishandurwa nenzira dzakasiyana. Maererano mabasa Ricardo, shoko iri nemuumbi chikamu National upfumi akaedza kugadzira. Uye Karl Marx akadana guta nhumbi, kana kushandiswa zvakakodzera, kuvabvumira kuwedzera quantitative ukoshi kuburikidza bhizimisi mukurima.

The ano pfungwa

Capital hachisi chinhu chaicho munhu kana chigadzirwa, kana mari, asi kuti yokupedzisira, Chokwadi, iye ari pachikuva kana kuisa kugadzirwa kuti purofiti. Zvinoita sokuti zviri zvake chimiro materialization chepfuma, mudunhu muridzi mari, zvainanga kuwana imwe mari. Uye nekuti pasi mukuru yokuti guta zvinoreva zvose zvinogona vaunze mari. Saka, kungava nzira kugadzirwa, uye vakaipedza nenhumbi, uye mari.

wokurarama muitiro

riparadzirwe guta - ndiyo nzira iyo zvinofanira kuva kuramba sangano kuburikidza uye kuparadzirwa munzvimbo iyo kunovimbisa kusikwa yemuraudzo mutengo wayo mutsva kubereka. In ezvinhu ose pamusika ukama kuitika upfumi zvemari vanoonekwa kuti kukosha. Izvi kunonyanya kukonzerwa chokwadi kuti vari chikamu Mapato okusika. Uye ichi ndicho chete zvinoriumba kuti anotakura yayo mari inenge yashandiswa ari richangobva akasika chigadzirwa zvakakwana, uye zvadaro kuguma redunhu rimwe nerimwe vakadzokera muzvinabhizimisi-industrialist mune mari, iyo achange maererano kupfuura zvakanga paakapiwa. Kubva izvo zvinoreva kuti kushanda guru rave uye achava mumwe nzira inokosha kuziva mari kugadzirwa.

guru Circuit: Formula 1 uye Step №

Munguva kufamba guta ruchapinda mumatanho akawanda, akadana maitikiro, uye ipapo anodzokera yaro yepakutanga chimiro. Kureva, kufambira mberi pakutanga muchimiro mari, anoenda mumatanho matatu kurapwa.

Boka rokutanga unosanganisira zvinhu zvakadai: guta, iro riri nzira achapiwa segwapa pamwe netsamba D (mari) akapedza entrepreneur, kureva munhu ane mari, nzira inoshandiswa (akasarudzwa sezvo C), uye basa (PC). Uye C, uye PC ari pachikuva iyi kutenderera guta zvinhu zviri watengwa sangano okuwana dzinotsanagura zvavakanga vachida kuita. Nokuti kuti achimhanya mabasa vanofanira kushanda kwete chete michina, kutenga iyo pane chikamu guru, asi anofanirawo uye mabasa vashandi vanobhadharwa vari nzira vari akasarudzwa kuva chinhu - nokuda hurumende ichiisa mari mari dzavo.

Step 2 №

Uyezve guta chimiro kuchinja, "mari" (D), anopinda "zvibereko" (P). Somugumisiro, nokushanda kugadzirwa kwacho, zvinoramba zvichitowedzera kukosha marketable chimiro (T). Kugadzirwa zvinhu, Chokwadi, waisiyana vawana pakutanga danho, zvose qualitatively (pamusoro kwokunze zvinoumba richangobva akasika chigadzirwa) uye quantitatively (pamusoro kugarwa uye rakadini manwiro ukoshi ndinoiitawo yemuraudzo tubhokisi). Somuenzaniso, mashoko okutanga D-danho iri chikamu guru chakatengwa yokusona, zvinhu, nezvimwewo, uyewo vakaripira Cutter, seamstresses uye saizvozvo. Izvozvi. Zvakanaka, pazuva rechipiri U-danho vakanga vasonanidza tracksuits. Muenzaniso uyu unoratidza zvakajeka musiyano rokutanga Danho zvigadzirwa zvinobva pagadzirwe rikurumidze.

Step 3 №

In wechitatu Danho asingashumbi guru redunhu zvakare achipinda nokure kuparadzirwa: kuti entrepreneur kunounza kumusika uye otengesa kugadzirwa zvinhu ikoko, kuwana mari yakawandisa pavo uye mari okuwedzera yemuraudzo. Tuso iri paakapiwa mari kushandurwa kubva chinokosha chimiro (T) kunyika mari (D).

In pachikuva rechitatu kufamba guru - ndiyo kutengeswa mutengi nhumbi kugadzirwa. Kudzokera kune coffers pamwe akawedzera ukoshi muchimiro mari (D) zvinoreva kuti ayo dzeraundi inofamba rakapera uye akasvika chepakutanga fomu pakutanga nzvimbo. Chete zvino, muzvinabhizimisi yave kukuru mari kupfuura kare. Uyezve, iye restarts kutenderera uye kuparadzirwa guru kubva fomu mumwe, zvakare vakabata kurapwa kwayo muzvikamu zvitatu. Izvi nokuda chamazuva acho.

chamazuva

Saka, kubva chii pamusoro apa, tinoona kuti guru kutenderera rinoitwa nokuisa zvinhanho zvitatu dzichipfekeka basa. Apo wechipiri, kuti zvibereko, riri kuonekwa anokosha nokuda kwake pane kusikwa yemuraudzo ukoshi. Way Serial ndima kunenge shanduko guru kubva fomu mumwe. Kutaura zvazviri, nyaya kufamba guru havazobvumirwi kungoitirwa redunhu rimwe chete, kuti ive entrepreneur richabvoora zvakare uye zvakare zvinoreva kufamba, aine chinangwa inonzwisisika - kupa iwe basa vakawanda zvakatsiga kukura yemuraudzo ukoshi. A chamazuva ose kugadzirwa kwacho zvinokwanisika kubudirira kana guru haanganditeveri chete kufamba kubva fomu mumwe, asi vachagara varipo panguva imwe chete zvose zvitatu siyana.

Kugadzwa yokushanda guta

Tools kuti vanoshumira muitiro basa uye nokudaro avepo kusikwa zvinhu zvitsva, uye naiyewo nedanho kutengeswa zvigadzirwa, rinobvumira pfungwa kuti guta kushanda zvakadaro. Chinangwa charo chikuru - inonzi chamazuva uye mutinhimira kwemutariri zvemari mukugadzira rikurumidze. Akawana nzira inoshandiswa (C) akasiyana zita - ". Asingashumbi guta" Pfungwa nezvake somunhu C, akavapindurawo, rakakamurwa zvinhu basa munyaya pakusikwa marketable zvinhu uye mabasa (PC), ivo vane musiyano dzichipfekeka kuitawo pakuburitswa kwacho.

Chinokosha musiyano

The peculiarity yokushanda guru hazvina zvinodya, regai zvinodya, uye pachine-siyana kuitika mari dzebhizimisi. Chinangwa mberi kwakadaro kuti pave uwandu, vachirayira vakasara zvinoumba kugadzirwa kuti kuwedzera uwandu kweShanduro rapera chigadzirwa uye sangano ezvinhu zvakatonyanya nani zvayo vabudirire Implementation.

Bhizimisi iri pakagadzwa kugadzirwa

Advance zvinoreva kuti hurumende ichiisa mari kumhanya musana kugadzirwa pashure okuguma nomumwe kutenderera ari kutenderera guru, izvo zvinosanganisira:

1. Manufacturing okuwana.
2. Kutengeswa ayo mutengi.
3. Kuwana okutengesa kwemari.

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, nekuti kwemari kubva kutengeswa kugadzirwa zvinhu kudzokera chikamu yepamusoro zvinhu, uye zvakananga, uye vodzokera kuna chepakuvamba (D) ukoshi. Saka, zviri pachena kuti guta kushanda zvakadaro. Rinogona kuzivikanwa somunhu muunganidzwa mari kuti kumhanya pamusoro sangano, kugadzwa kugadzirwa kwacho uchishandisa bhuku yesangano uye ano maindasitiri upfumi.

kugadzirwa musoro

Achishandisa basa vanoumba huru zviri pfuma zvibereko yesangano, akadai unorema zvemari dhipatimendi, kushanda midziyo nezvimwe kugadzirwa hachichinjiki. zviridzwa chokuita neramangwana mutemo Kugadzirwa zvebhizimisi kuti vawedzere profitability.

Zvisinei kuparadzana guru zvebhizimisi pamusoro wayo, chikuru, chikwereti, kana wokurarama, uyewo kugara kana shanduka, zviri kuramba muitiro dzamarudzi kufamba, chete dzakasiyana siyana, nokuda ari imwe danho, kuburikidza icho pari anofambisa kutenderera mari mari.

zvinoreva okuwana

By zvokurarama okuwana ndizvo zvinhu basa, kusanganisira zvinhu, mbishi zvinhu, zvinoriumba, Semi-dzapedza zvinhu uye zvakafanana. Vose vanobatanidzwa pakuburitswa uye kwesayenzi kutenderera, achiparidza pamusoro redunhu guru, uye panguva imwecheteyo ukapisa zvachose kwenguva hwamazuva rimwe denderedzwa kwakadaro. Ndakapedza mari nokukurumidza votendeuka, kufukidza mutengo kurarama basa zvibereko iyo pave imwe Techno-kugadzirwa kutenderera ezvokutengeserana zvigadzirwa.

havukavu chipimo

Mumwe chinokosha wakatarwa nzira, kutsanangura edunhu uye riparadzirwe guru, ndiko kuona kumhanya vayo kufamba. Yokutanga chipimo nokukurumidza - ndiko kukosha nguva penguva panguva iyo capitalist akadzokera sezvo kwemari kuti mberi kwavo rose mari panguva yakawedzera uwandu zvisingabatsiri. Iyi nguva chinguva ndiyo 1 jana.

The divi rechipiri yokushanda guta exchange - nhamba zvikumbiro yemhando kuda 1 gore. iyi yakayerwa rinobva pakutanga, rinowanikwa nevanhu kupatsanura pagore 12 mwedzi panguva, vanoumba mumwe ngaadudzire.

Kuendeswa yoga mugove vaimiririra kufamba guru iri maindasitiri, vari dzinounzwa munhu zvechadenga zvokunyama uye zvinoreva kuti kugadzirwa uye zvinhu uchava wakaputirwa pamwe aimhanya zvakasiyana.

Kana zvokurarama basa, izvo zvinosanganisira zvivako, zvivako, michina, michina nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa, nguva kushanda kwakadaro rinowanikwa kubva akawanda makore akawanda emakore. Ndivo chikamu zvinhu zvekushandisa nehwaro maindasitiri mabhizimisi uye kuramba kubatanidzwa vazhinji kugadzirwa uye kwesayenzi zvinogara.

zvakanangwa inonyorwa

Kushandira guta kunodiwa kutsigira iri mari kuona zviri gozvo optimizes basa okuwana mabasa. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira kusarudza pamusoro Pfungwa zvirimwa, zvinangwa zvine urongwa.

Somuenzaniso, mari uye upfumi maitiro okuwana - raro liquidity, kureva mukana nayo yesangano kupinda mari kuitira kuti agadzirise mubhadharo mitoro. Her yakakwirira zvakakwana pamwero upi zvebhizimisi - ichi ndicho chinonyanya kukosha hunhu rakatsiga kwacho. Kurasikirwa liquidity kungaguma kwete chete pane mimwe mari, asiwo periodic zvokurega kugadzirwa rikurumidze.

Low kwevari guta yokutsiva havazokwanisi kuti zvakanaka kuramba kurimwa basa. Saka zvinoita kurasikirwa liquidity, malfunctions uye, sezvo zvakaguma yakaderera purofiti. Nokuti mumwe nomumwe kambani chine Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri pamwero uko kunonyanyisa purofiti zvinobvira.

mhedziso

vose nzendo kuburikidza iyo guru, achiita dunhu rayo, zvine chokuita uye novimba mumwe. Uye chokwadi Danho rechipiri iri munhevedzano metamorphoses zvikuru zvinokosha. Nokuti panguva ino zviri okusika chezvinonhuwira acho, kana chigadzirwa anogadzirwa uye pave ukoshi itsva. Uye nokuda kutendeuka guru negoho ari muchimiro hazvo ishanduko chaiyo pa se, kusiyana kwayo metamorphosis pachikuva 1 uye 3, ine chete kuchinja chimiro chimwe kupinda mumwe, asi hapana kuwedzera guru. Pano paiitwa ichi, dzakaita raundi kuyerera mari uye mabasa chero kugadzirwa inovakwa.