Sei kuvaka airship? Chii airship? Tinofanira navo munyika yanhasi?

Airship (kubva French diriger - «kudzora») - kuzvipira propelled kubhururuka muchina, vakareruka kupfuura mhepo. Nyaya dzake uye nzira yokuvaka ndege iyi, ticharamba kutsanangura gare gare munyaya ino.

Structural zvinhu

Kune mhando nhatu chikuru airships: nyoro, Semi-aoma uye aoma. Vose ine chikuru zvikamu zvina:

• sigaa goko kana chibharuma akazadzwa gasi izvo arambe achirema idukusa ari arambe achirema mhepo;
• nzvimbo yemutekenyi kana Gondola yakaturikwa pasi goko, iyo inoshandiswa kutakura vashandi uye vakatakurwa;
• Motors paakadzinga propellers;
• chinjikira uye mira zvidzoreso kubatsira kwokunangisa airship.

Chii blimp? Izvi chibharuma vetekisi zvakabatanidzwa nayo Via tambo. Kana gasi kusunungurwa, kuti goko acharasikirwa chimiro chayo.

Semi-vanachandagwinyira airship (Photo kwakapiwa munyaya) ndiyewo novimba womukati kumanikidzwa, iyo anoramba chimiro kwayo, asi achine resimbi STRUCTURAL keel iyo kunosvika longitudinally pamwe mujinga chibharuma uye anotsigira mberi.

Vanachandagwinyira airships wakaumbwa lightweight puranga zvakagadzirwa aruminiyamu chiwanikwa, akafukidza jira. Havana chisimbiso. Inside mamiriro uyu Balloons akawanda, rimwe nerimwe oga anogona zadzwai negasi. Ndege ino mhando ngaunyatsobata chimiro chayo pasinei ukuru kuzara sepombi.

Izvo magasi anoshandiswa?

Yemanyorero kushandiswa airships itakurwe hydrogen nehelium. Rehydrogen ndiro lightest anozivikanwa gasi uye, nokudaro, ine kukwanisa guru. Zvisinei, zviri zvikuru zvinobata moto, yaiva mhosva vazhinji dzinouraya abondera. Nehelium hakusi nyore kudaro, asi zviri nani zvikuru nokuti havaiti kupisa.

Gas containment mangwanani airship sepombi nedonje jira akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya rabha, iyo pakupedzisira yakakundwa nehumwe ne Micheka chakaita zvokugadzirwa dzakadai polyester uye neoprene.

History chokusika

Anobudirira airship yokutanga yakavakwa muna 1852 mu France kubudikidza Henri Giffard. Akasika munhu 160-paundi hwemvura Injini inokwanisa kuva 3-fő chinzvimbo. p., waiva zvakakwana kudzinga guru hwindimiri pa 110 nokumukirana paminiti. Kuti kusimudza uremu simba chirimwa, unozadza 44-mita uye rehydrogen chibharuma, kutangira Paris tireki nendege ari kumhanya 10 km / h, pakumedura daro vanenge 30 km.

Muna 1872, mumwe injiniya wokuGermany Paul Haenlyayn kutanga yakaiswa uye kushandiswa pamusoro airship rekambani injini, waimira nokuti huni gasi kubva humburumbira.

Muna 1883, kuti French Albert uye Gaston Tissandier kutanga zvinobudirira vaidzora chibharuma, iyo nechido ane electric motor.

Wokutanga vanachandagwinyira airship ane aruminiyamu jira pekugara yakavakwa muGermany muna 1897.

Alberto Santos-Dumont, chizvarwa Brazil vaigara Paris, akagadza anoverengeka zvinyorwa zviri akatevedzana akavaka kubva 1898 kusvika 1905 14 non-vanachandagwinyira airship dzinofambiswa ne pezviri combustion injini.

Count of Zeppelin

Anobudirira zvikuru opareta vanachandagwinyira chibharuma pamwe injini raiva German Ferdinand Graf of Zeppelin, wakavaka muna 1900, airship wayo wokutanga. Chii LZ-1? Luftschiff Zeppelin, kana ndege Zeppelin - iri pamutemo zvakaoma chikepe uye kureba 128 M uye dhayamita pamusoro 11.6 m, chakarairwa ane aruminiyamu puranga zvinosanganisira longitudinal matanda 24 zvakabatana ne transverse zvindori 16 uye vari rinosundwa Motors mbiri, simba 16 l. a.

The ndege inogona kusvika aimhanya kusvika 32 km / h. Earl akaramba kuvandudza magadzirirwo panguva First World War, apo vakawanda airships ake (rinonzi zeppelins) yave ichishandiswa kunotutirwa Paris uye London. Ndege ino mhando akashandisawo dzairwisa panguva Second World War, zvikurukuru Anti yepasi pemvura nzvimbo.

Munguva 20s uye 30s wekupedzisira remakore, muEurope United States akaramba kuvakwa airships. Muna July 1919, British ndege R-34 kaviri akaita transatlantic ndege.

Kukunda North Pole

Muna 1926, wokuItaly Semi-vanachandagwinyira airship (mufananidzo rakapiwa munyaya) "Norway" rave zvinobudirira kushandiswa Roaldom Amundsenom, Lincoln Ellsworth uye Umberto Nobile General kudzidza North Pole. Rakatevera rwendo mumwe airship, rinotungamirirwa Umberto Nobile.

In zvachose, zvinonzi akaronga kuti 5 Flights, asi airship, yakavakwa muna 1924, yakadonha muna ra1928 The oparesheni kudzoka vaongorori polar vakatora mazuva anopfuura 49, panguva iyo vakauraya 9 vanunuri, kusanganisira Amundsen.

Chii chaiva zita airship muna 1924? Wechina Air Transport Series N, zvakagadzirirwa nokuda fekitari uye Umberto Nobile muRoma, yainzi "Italy".

ichatonga zvine mbiri

Muna 1928, balloonist German Hugo Eckener akavaka airship "Graf Zeppelin". Vasati decommissioning, makore mapfumbamwe akatevera, akaita 590 Flights, kusanganisira 144 ndima transoceanic. Muna 1936, Germany yakatanga dzose transatlantic mutakurwi pamusoro "Hindenburg".

Pasinei nokubudirira izvi, pamugumo wenyika 1930s airships nyika kushanda kurega kubereka nokuda kwavo kudhura, pasi kumhanya, uyewo munjodzi yacho nedutu okunze. Mukuwedzera, dzakatevedzana tsaona, kupfuura inozivikanwa iyo - akazara rehydrogen kuputika "Hindenburg" muna 1937, pamwe mberi ndege muna 30 uye 40.. vakaita izvi mhando pakufamba vari nemabhindauko usingachashandi.

Michina mberi

Gas sepombi mangwanani airships zhinji akagadzirwa vanonzi "ganda zolotoboytsa": mhou ushingi vairwa shure, uye ipapo akatambanudza. Pakusikwa imwe ndege zvaida mhou mazana maviri namakumi mashanu nezviviri.

Panguva World War First, Germany uye ayo nevatsigiri matsime kugadzirwa Sausages, kuti pane zvinhu zvakakwanira kugadzirwa airships nako akaita kubhomba kweEngland. Kufambira machira michina, kusanganisira, nemhaka nokugadzirwa muna 1839 pane vulcanized rabha naCharles Goodyear American muzvinashawo, zvakonzera kuwedzera utsanzi ari airship. Mukutanga thirties, US Navy akavaka mbiri "ichibhururuka inotakura ndege", "Akron" uye "Macon", uyo Hull akazarurwa, kusunungura murwi ndege rengarava F9C Sparrowhawk. Zvikepe zvikaputsika pashure kunayiwa nedutu, uye vasina kuratidza kwavo kurwisana kugona.

nyika zvinyorwa kwenguva ya ndege hwagadzwa muna 1937, chibharuma "USSR-B6 Osoaviakhim". An ndege rakaitirwa mhepo 130 f 27 min. Cities vakashanya panguva airship kutiza - Nizhny Novgorod, Belozersk, Rostov, Kursk, Voronezh, Penza, Dolgoprudny uye Novgorod.

madokero chibharuma

Zvadaro airships anyangarika. Saka, May 6, 1937 "Hindenburg" akanyemwerera pamusoro Lakehurst mu New Jersey - ari bhora rwomoto vakauraya 36 vakatakurwa uye vashandi nhengo. Dambudziko rakanga filmed pamusoro firimu, uye nyika akaona airship German raputika.

Chii sehydrogen, uye sei nengozi zvava pachena kuti vose, uye pfungwa yokuti vanhu vanogona kufamba wakasununguka pasi inogona gasi ichi pakarepo vakava isingagamuchiriki. In ndege ano izvi mhando rinoshandiswa chete nehelium, ndiro non-zvinobata moto. Kuwedzera kukurumbira uye vakava mari ndege akadai mukuru-nokukurumidza "ichibhururuka zvikepe" pamusoro Pan American Airways.

Modern mainjiniya munyaya magadzirirwe ndege iyi mhando, vave chema kuti kusvikira 1999, apo yakabudiswa dzakaunganidzwa nyaya sei avake airship anonzi "airship michina", chete bhuku kuwanika raiva bhuku "Aircraft Design" Charles Burgess , rakabudiswa muna 1927

zviitiko zvemazuva

Pakupedzisira, airship vagadziri vakasiya pfungwa mutakurwi uye mitoro chokufambisa kunge pfungwa, zvisina kukwana kuti zvinobudirira dzika njanji, mugwagwa uye gungwa chokufambisa, uye pasigasvikirwi munzvimbo dzakawanda.

Kuwedzera wokutanga shoma yakadai zvirongwa. Munguva manonwe, William Miller, aimbova murwi mutyairi Naval Fleet mu New Jersey akamborara chikepe mhepo deltoid chimiro rinonzi Aereon 26. Asi nzira Miller dzakaguma pashure yokutanga bvunzo kutiza. Kutanga kumumvuri inotakura zvinhu ndege zvinoda makuru mubhizimisi, uye zvinogona vatengi haana kukwana.

MuGermany Cargolifter AG akasvika pakuvaka nyika guru freestanding kuvaka anopfuura 300 M pakureba, iyo kambani vakaronga kuvaka nehelium Semi vanachandagwinyira airship nhumbi. Chii kuva piyona mumunda aeronautics, zvakava pachena muna 2002, apo boka akatarisana hwokugadzira matambudziko uye zvishoma mari, kudare kuti kusauka kudzivirirwa. The hanga riri pedyo neBerlin, yakanga papera kukava chikuru indoor mvura Park mu Europe "achitsva chitsuwa."

Vakatevera ushasha

Chizvarwa chitsva yokugadzirwa mainjiniya, zvimwe izvo achitsigirwa nehurumende chinokosha uye private mubhizimisi, tine chokwadi kuti, akapiwa Kuwanikwa michina mitsva uye zvinhu zvitsva, kambani achakwanisa kubatsirwa pakuvaka airships. Muna March gore rapera, ivo US House of Representatives akaronga musangano yakatsaurirwa kuna ichi mhando mhepo chokufambisa, chinangwa rakanga kuti mhanyisa chirongwa pakukura kwavo.

Mumakore achangopfuura, kuvandudzwa airships mubasa Aerospace heavyweights Boeing uye Northrop Grumman. Russia, Brazil uye China vakavaka kana kukura prototypes yavo. Canada akagadza nhamba muzvirongwa ndege, kusanganisira "Solar Ship", rinotarira akafanana futa namano bhomba pamwe rezuva ukomba akaisa mhiri pamusoro wamapapiro akazara nehelium. All zvinobatanidzwa munhangemutange kuva wokutanga uye monopolize mumusika kuti nhumbi chokufambisa, izvo kuyerwa mune mabhiriyoni emadhora. Pari, pfungwa vanokwezvwa mabasa matatu:

• Chirungu Airlander 10, Mbeu dzakauchikwa Air Vehicles Company - pari chikuru airship munyika;
• LMH-1, kambani "Lockheed Martin";
• Aeroscraft, Worldwide Eros Corp kambani isingachinji mubvakure kubva Ukraine Igor Pasternak.

RC chibharuma nemaoko avo

Kuongorora zvinetso pakuvaka ndege iyi mhando, zvinokwanisika kuti avake airship vana. saizi Its idukusa kuti upi wokuenzanisira, izvo zvinogona kutengwa, uye ine yakanakisisa mubatanidzwa kugadzikana uye maneuverability.

Kuumba vakasiyana airship vachada zvinotevera zvinhu:

• Three vakasiyana injini yairema 2,5 d zvichidzika.
• Pico kurema 2 d (semuenzaniso, DelTang Rx33, iyo, pamwe nezvimwe zvikamu, anogona kutengwa kushandiswa zvitoro online, akadai Micron Radio Control, Aether Sciences RC kana Plantraco), dzinofambiswa ne rimwe lithium-polymer sero. Zvakakodzera nechokwadi kugarisana pamusoro injini connector uye mugamuchiri, kana zvinoda kudikanwa pokunamatidza.
• Rinofambisa inowirirana matatu kana kupfuura makwara.
• LiPo-naRaama bhatiri inokwana 70-140 uye akakodzera mundiro. Kuti zvachose kurema asingadi kupfuudza 10 g, kuti bhatiri vachada kusvika 2.5, zvikuru bhatiri vanokwanisa ichapa zvikuru nendege duration: pa 125 naRaama anogona kuva nyore kubudirira kwayo nguva kuti maminitsi 30.
• Waya unobva bhatiri kusvika receiver.
• propellers diki Three.
• The kabhoni shamhu (1 mm) uye kureba masendimita 30.
• Deprona chidimbu 10 x 10 cm.
• Cellophane tepi, superglue uye chigero.

Unofanira kutenga chibharuma yakagadzirwa latex, akazadzwa nehelium. Inzwi mureza kana mumwe mutoro riri kanenge 10 D. For kuwana zvinodiwa uremu inowedzerwa kutsigisa igwa, iro chinobviswa sezvo nehelium vhinza.

Zvinoriumba vari vasiyana nomubato pamwe namira tepi. Injini mberi chinoshandiswa kuenderera mberi, uye shure wakaiswa perpendicular. Third injini riri pedyo nepakati regiravhiti uye rinotungamirirwa pasi. The hwindimiri wanamatira nayo rumwe rutivi, kuitira kuti iye anogona kusundira kukwira airship. Motors zvinofanira glued pamwe superglue.

Vakaiisa muswe stabilizer, anogona yekudyidzana kuvandudza kufambira mberi, Kusimudza hwindimiri yakabatanidzwa duku rotational kufamba, uye muswe rotor inesimba. Inogona kuvaita deprona uye batanidza pamwe tepi.

Mberi kufamba kunofanira ndanyarara hangu nokungochinja zvishoma kuwedzera.

Mukuwedzera, airship anogona kumisa isingadhuri kamera, somuenzaniso, kushandiswa anokosha fob.