Ndivanaani vanhu vePamir, kwavanogara, tsika, tsika

Mushure mekusunungurwa kwemauto eUnited States kubva munharaunda yeAfghanistan muhurukuro yakawedzera kunyanya kuPamirs. Vakawanda vanotya kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu munharaunda ino, iyo iripo yakasarudzwa kubva kunze kwenyika. "Dombo reNyika" inzvimbo inokosha, sezvo inenge vanhu vose vemunharaunda iyi vari veIsmailis.

Vakawanda vanokanganisa kukanganisa vagari vomunharaunda neTajik nevamwe vanhu. Nyaya yacho ichakwanisa kutsanangura kuti Pamiristi ndeyani, uye nei vachionekwa sevakasiyana nedzinza.

General information

Sezvo vanhu vePamir vachigara munzvimbo yakakwirira ine makomo, iyo yakakamurwa pakati penyika ina, dzinowanzoenzaniswa nevamwe vanhu. Nzvimbo yavo yekare (Badakhshan) iri munharaunda yeTajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, China. Kazhinji kacho vanhu ava vanovhiringidzika zvisina kururama neTajik. Ndivanaani vaPamiria?

Dzinoshandiswa kune zvachose vanhu veIranian vanotaura mitauro yakasiyana yeEngland Iranian boka. Vazhinji Pamiris vanozviti Islam. Nokuenzanisa, vaTajik, somuenzaniso, vanotaura mutauro weWest Iranian uye vanoti Sunni nevakawanda vavo.

Territory of residence

Pamiriyamu vakagara munharaunda yekumadokero, kumaodzanyemba, kumabvazuva kwePamirs. Muzasi, makomo aya anosangana neHindu Kush. Nzvimbo iyi mupata wakamanikana, uri panzvimbo yakakwirira mamita zviuru zviviri pamusoro pegungwa. Mamiriro okunze munharaunda ino anozivikanwa nokuda kwekuoma kwayo. Mipata yakakomberedzwa nemakiromita akadzika makiromita kusvika mamita zviuru zvinomwe pamusoro pegungwa. Ivo vakafukidzwa nehove dzisingaperi. Hazvisi pasina kuti izwi rokuti "The Roof of the World" rinoshandiswa sezita renzvimbo iyi (iyo yakatarwa naPamir vagari).

Vanhu vanogara muPamirs vane tsika yakafanana netsika. Zvisinei, vatsvakurudzi vakakwanisa kuratidza (kubva pakudzidza mitauro) kuti vanhu ava ndevamwe vevanhu vekare vekuEastern-Iranian vauya kuPamirs zvakasiyana kubva kune mumwe. Ndeapi nyika dzakasiyana nevanhu vePamir kubva?

Kusiyana kwemarudzi

Vanhu vePamir vanowanzoparadzana pakati pavo maererano nemutauro wemutauro. Kune matavi maviri makuru-kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba kwePamiria. Mumwe nomumwe wemapoka anosanganisira vanhu vakatsaurwa, vamwe vavo vanogona kutaura mitauro yakafanana.

Vanhu vokuchamhembe veParammi vanosanganisira:

• Kuvhiringidzika ndiyo inotungamira dzinza dzinosvika mazana zana evanhu, kubva kwavari vanenge vanenge zviuru makumi maviri vanogara muA Afghanistan;
• VaRushans - vanenge zviuru makumi matatu vanhu;
• Yazgulyamtsy - kubva kuvanhu vasere kusvika gumi vane zviuru;
• Sarykoltsy - inoonekwa sechikamu chekambani chakabatanidzwa Shugnan-Rushan boka, iro rakava rakasarudzwa, nhamba yacho inosvika makumi maviri nezvishanu zvevanhu.

Maodzanyemba ePamiria anosanganisira:

• Uye vaIshkashimi vanhu-vanenge gumi nemashanu vanhu;
• Sanglichtsy - nhamba haisi kupfuura zana nemakumi mashanu vanhu;
• Vakhans - nhamba yose inosvika zviuru makumi manomwe zvevanhu;
• Mundjans - vanenge zviuru zvina vanhu.

Mukuwedzera, kune vakawanda vari pedyo uye vevakidzani avo vari pedyo zvikuru nevaPamiria. Vamwe vavo vakazotanga kushandura mitauro yePamir.

Mutauro

Mitauro yePamir yakawanda kwazvo. Asi huwandu hwayo huwandu hwekutaurirana kwezuva nezuva. Nhoroondo yekare, kubva panguva yekare kare, mutauro wePersia (Tajik) yakava nemasimba makuru kwavari.

Nokuti vagari vemutauro wePamir wePezhiya vave vachishandiswa kare mune zvechitendero, mabhuku, uye mumuromo wevanhu. Ichowo chigadziro chepasi rose chekukurukurirana kwenyika dzakawanda.

Pamir dialects zvishoma nezvishoma zvakatsiviwa nemutauro weTajik. Mune mamwe makomo emakomo, ivo vashoma uye vashoma vanoshandiswa kunyange muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Somuenzaniso, muGBAO (Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region) rurimi rwepamutemo ndiTajik. Ndiye iye anodzidza muzvikoro. Kunyangwe kana tikataura pamusoro peAghan Pamiri, pane zvikoro zvisingatauri munharaunda yavo, saka vanhu havana kudzidza nekunyora.

Mashoko akachengetedzwa Pamir:

• Yazgulyamsky;
• Shugnansky;
• Rushan;
• Khuf;
• Bartang;
• Sarykolsky;
• Ishkashimi;
• Vakhan;
• Munjansky;
• Yidga.

Vose zvavo ndevaya veboka reEngland Iranian mitauro. Mukuwedzera kune vaPamiria, vamiririri veEast Iranian ethnos vaisanganisira vaSitiya, avo vaimbogara muNorthern Black Sea nzvimbo uye vakasiyira zviyeuchidzo zvezvakaitika mumamiriro ezvinhu.

The Religion

Kubvira pamagumo emireniyamu yekutanga BC Pamir marudzi aiva pasi pesimba reZoroastrianism uye Buddhism. Islam yakatanga kupindira nekupararira pakati pevanhu vazhinji kubva muzana remakore rechigumi nerimwe. Kutanga kwechitendero chitsva kwaive kwakabatana zvikuru nemabasa aNasir Khosrow. Akanga ari murumbwa mukuru wePezhiya uyo akatizira kuPamirs kubva kuvateveri vake.

Ismailism yakanga ine simba guru pamweya wehupenyu hwevagari vePamirs. Maererano nechitendero, hazvisi zvakaoma kunzwisisa kuti ndiani pamir (chii rudzi, takakurukura pamusoro). Chokutanga pane zvose, vamiririri vevanhu ava ndevaneIsmailis (mutungamiri weShiite weIslam, uyo wakakonzerwa neHinduism uye Buddhism). Ndeupi mutungamiri akasiyana nechitendero chetsika muIslam?

Kusiyana kukuru:

• Pamiriya vanonyengetera kaviri pazuva;
• Vatendi havaiti kuchengeta kudya muRamadan;
• Vakadzi havana kupfeka kana kupfeka chidzitiro;
• Varume vanozvibvumira kunwa mhepo kubva mumubhaibheri.

Nemhaka yeizvi, vaMuslim vakawanda havazivi Pamiri sevatendi vechokwadi.

Family Traditions

Ukama nemhuri uye kuroorana kuchaita kuti zvive nyore kunzwisisa kuti ndiani pamir. Rudzi rwepi rudzi uye tsika raro chii, rinogona kutaurira mhuri. Shanduro yekare yakawanda yemhuri yakanga yakabva pamutemo wehukama hwemhuri. Mhuri dzakanga dzakakura. Mumusoro wavo makanga mumire mukuru, kune avo vose vasingateereri kuteerera. Saka zvakanga zvisati zvavapo kuonekwa kwehukama hwemari. Mhuri yakave yakabatana, ichichengetedza tsika dzevafundisi.

Izvi zvakaramba zvichienderera kusvikira kusikwa kweIslam. Chitendero chitsva chakabvumidza kuti hukuru hwemurume pamusoro pemukadzi. Maererano nemutemo weSharia, murume aiva nehutano uye kodzero mumatambudziko mazhinji, somuenzaniso, mune dzimwe nhaka. Murume wacho akagamuchira kodzero yepamutemo yokurambana. Panguva imwecheteyo, munzvimbo dzezvikomo, apo vakadzi vakatora chikamu chekushingaira mubasa rekumaruwa, mamiriro avo aiva akasununguka.

Mune dzimwe nyika dzemakomo, mhuri dzakaroorana dzakagamuchirwa. Kazhinji kazhinji izvi zvakasimbiswa nezvikonzero zvemari.

Mabasa Anonyanya

Kuti unzwisise kuti Pamiris ndiani, zviri nani kudzidza nzira yavo yehupenyu. Basa guru rave rakarega kurima kwechimiro chekumusoro, chinosanganiswa nemombe. Semhuka dzemhuka, dzakabereka mhou, mbudzi, makwai, mbongoro, mabhiza. Mombe dzakanga dziri pfupi, kwete yehutano hwakanaka. Munguva yechando, mhuka dzaiva mumisha, uye muzhizha dzaiendeswa kunze kumafuro.

Kune tsika dzemaitiro emhuri dzevaPamiria, pamusoro pezvose, tinogona kureva kushandiswa kwemvere dzemakwai nekugadzirwa kwemicheka. Vakadzi vakashanda mvere uye vakaita micheka, uye varume vakavhara nyika-dzinonzi stripy, dzisina mahwendefa.

Yakagadzirwa yaiva hove yekugadzirisa nyanga, kunyanya mbudzi yemhuka. Pakati idzi, zvigaro uye zvigadziri zvezvombo zvinotonhora zvakaitwa.

Ethnic cuisine

Kudzidza nezvetsika uye chitendero, unogona kunzwisisa kuti vanhu vePamir ndevanaani. Iwe unogona kuwedzera ruzivo urwu kuburikidza nekufungisisa kudya kwechigarire kwevatumi vevanhu ava. Kuziva mabasa evanhu, zviri nyore kufungidzira kuti kune nyama shomanana mune zvePamir. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti hapana nzvimbo yekufudza zvipfuwo, saka vanozvidzivirira mumukaka nemvere.

Zvokudya zvakakosha zvinosanganisira gorosi nenzira yeupfu uye zviyo zvakakanganiswa. Kubva pane upfu uite noodles, makeke akapwanyika, dumplings. Uyewo, vanhu vanogara mumakomo vanodya michero, marnuts, nyemba, mishonga. Pamakwenzi emisi anonyanya kuzivikanwa pakati pavo ndeyai yemakwai, tei nemukaka, mukaka wakaoma. Prosperous Pamirians anonwa tiyi nemukaka, achiwedzera chidimbu chemafuta.