Mwari Perseus munyanzvi dzechiGiriki, mwanakomana waZeus naDanai

Yekare Greece yakagara kwenguva refu, uye inoratidzika sevanhu vashomanana vanofarira iyo, avo vanoda kufarira Nyika Yekare nezvose zvakabatana nayo, kusanganisira maGreek mythology. Zvisinei, kana tikanyatsoongorora, tinogona kuona kuti simba reGirisi yekare pakuvandudzika kwehupenyu, rinoratidzwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana zvehudhi.

Kutanga Kwezvakananga zveGirisi yekare

Nhema ndeyeti nyaya dzakakosha kune tsika, hupenyu uye kubudirira kwevanhu. Zvakaoma kuratidza kana nyaya yacho iripo chaizvo, asi haigoni kuratidzirwa zvakare. Kubva mururimi rwekare rwechiGiriki, "nhema" zvinoreva "tsika," "rondedzero," uye naizvozvo, nhoroondo iyi, iyo inobata zvinoreva - kuudza mumwe munhu pfungwa kana chimwe chinhu kuti amudzidzise.

Nhau dzeGreece yekare-kare dzakatanga kuchinja pamberi pokuuya kwekunyorwa, uye saka dzakabva pamuromo kusvika pamuromo. Nyaya iyi yaiva nehupenyu hwevaGiriki uye mavhundu ezvinyorwa akaita zvisikwa, izvo vanhu vairemekedzwa. Vaiva vane simba rakakwirira kupfuura vose, kana Zeus ndiye akanga ari mukuru pakati pezvose, kana Hercules, uyo aiita zvakanyanya kuzivikanwa, kana kuti mwari Perseus, uyo akanga ari hafu mwari, hafu yevanhu, asiwo akaparadzaniswa nechisimba neunyanzvi.

Chirongwa chezvinyorwa zvekare zveGreece

Zvakakodzera kuti titaure muchidimbu kuti mhemberero dzose dzakagoverwa muzvikamu zvitatu: pre-Olympian (nyika yakabuda muChaos uye yakaguma nekuurawa kwa Crohn, mukuru wevanamwari), Olympian (Zeus anobata simba pamwe chete neshamwari yake yevanamwari 12) uye heroic (nguva iyo kubva pavanamwari uye Vanhu vanofa vane heroes vanozvarwa, kusanganisira mwari Perseus).

Vose vanamwari vanogona kugoverwa kuva mukuru uye wechipiri. Pamwechete, paiva nemusikisi akafuridzira vanamwari, uye akacherechedza zvisikwa zvakaderera (satyrs, nymphs uye ores, uye mhuka dzaive nemhare dzaifanira kurwisana).

Vanamwari navamwarikadzi vezvinyorwa zvekare zvechiGiriki

Nekubatsirwa kwezvinyorwa uye zvakasikwa, vanamwari vakaumbwa, vaGiriki vekare vakaedza kutsanangura zviitiko zvose zvinoitika, ingava dutu, mvura ine simba kana kurwara.

Pakutanga vanhu vaimiririra vanamwari nenzira yemhuka inotyisa yakavadzivirira kurarama zvakanaka. Kubva pano yakaonekwa vanhu vakadai saMedusa Gorgona, Sphinx kana Lernea Hydra. Mamwe mapikicha esimbi nemeso evanhu uye akaonekwa savanamwari vechiGiriki: Perseus, Aphrodite, Zeus, Hephaestus, Demeter nevamwe vazhinji. Mukuwedzera kune chokwadi chokuti vanamwari vakanga vakatarisana nevanhu, vanhu vaitaurawo kwavari uye unhu (tsitsi, tsitsi, godo, godo). Vamwari vakava vasingafi uye vakataurirana nevanhu, uye kazhinji vaipinda muhukama hwakanaka.

Perseus: mwanakomana waZeus naDanai

Perseus akaberekwa pasinei nezvipingamupinyi zvose. Mumwe Baba Danai vakagara vataura kuti aizoparara mumaoko emuzukuru wake. Aifanira kuvhara mwanasikana wake munhare kuitira kuti asakwanisa kudanana nemunhu, uye akachengetedza imbwa dzake dzinotyisa. Asi pasinei nezvose, Danae aigona kunge ane mwanakomana uye akamudana kuti Perseus. Ndiani mwanakomana wevamwari mumanyengeri aiva iye, uye aigona sei kuberekwa?

Zvose zvipingamupinyi zvinogona kukurira Zeus, kuuya kuna Danae nenzira chaiyo yepakutanga, nenzira yemvura yegoridhe, uye yakabva kwaari iyo yakabereka mwanakomana waPerseus. Baba Danai vakanga vasingakwanisi kupona uye vakasarudza kuparadza mwanasikana wavo nemzukuru, vakavaisa mubhokisi rehuni ndokuvakandira mugungwa. Danae naPerseus vaiva nerombo, mubati wehove akavaponesa ndokuenda navo kuhama yavo Polydect, kwavakagara kuti vararame.

Nhema yePerseus

Perseus naamai vake vakararama kwenguva yakareba kuPolidekt, uyo aimboda kumanikidzira Danai kuti ave mudzimai wake. Zvisinei, vakakurira Perseus vaipikisa izvi uye vakanyatsotsanangura shoko rake. Zvadaro Polydect kurambana yakataura kuti aizoroora mumwe, uye Perseus aifara zvakajeka uye akanga akagadzirira kuita chero chipo, "kana zvichifanira, musoro weGorgon Medusa," akadaro nenzwi guru.

Kunzwa mashoko aya, Polidekt akatumira Perseus mushure mokunge musoro wake, achitarisira kumubvisa zvachose. Mwarikadzi Athena akasarudza kubatsira Perseus muhondo iyi, sezvo Medusa akanga ari vavengi vake vakapika (Gorgona nehanzvadzi dzake mbiri). Athena akapa Perseus nhoo yakadzika yaaizofanira kutarisa, achiuraya Medusa, zvisinei, kana akatarisa mumeso ake, yaizovhiringidzika nemeso ake.

Hermes akauya kunoponesa, uyo akapa chipo chakasimba, vaifanira kubvisa musoro waGorgon. Uyezve, mwari wePerseus akakumbira shangu dzine mapapiro dzakamuunza panzvimbo, bhegi rekuchengetedza musoro weMedusa uye chisingazivikanwi cap. Achitenda kwaari, akapukunyuka kubva kuhanzvadzi dzaGorgon mushure mokunge aita.

Perseus uye Andromeda

Perseus akafamba pasi kwenguva yakareba nemusoro weMedusa Gorgona, uye akamira muEthiopia, kwaakaona musikana asina kupfeka ari kure, iyo yakanga yakaiswa padombo nemaketani. Perseus akabva atanga kumuda - Andromeda, uyo akanga ari mwanasikana waKefei uye Cassiopeia. Asi mwari wegungwa Poseidhoni akaunza dambudziko kuumambo hweKefei, uye zvaive zvichibvira kuzviponesa kubva pamatambudziko aya chete kuburikidza nekubayira Andromeda, iyo nyanga yegungwa yaizofanira kumira.

Perseus akakumbira kubva kuna Cefei kuti kana akasunungura mwanasikana wake, aizomubvumira kuti aroore naye. Perseus akaisa chisiko chisingaoneki, akatora jeko reHermes, akauraya chikara ndokusunungura mudzimai wake weramangwana. Gare gare mutambo mukuru wakarongwa uye muchato wakaitwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, chikwata ichi chakanga chisingadiwi nevabereki, sezvo vakanga vambovimbisa musikana wavo kuhama yeKefei. Uyezve mukoma waFally akapinda muchato, uye hondo yakatanga. Izvo chete nokuda kwekuti Perseus aiva nemusoro weMedusa, akakwanisa kuparadza vavengi mune imwe yakawa swoop, achiita kuti vave matombo.

Bhodi rePerseus

Perseus uye Andromeda vakadzokera kuchitsuwa cheSerif, uko Polidekt nevatendi vake vakatendeka vaidya, amai vaPerseus vakatizira mutemberi kubva kumhirizhonga. Perseus akataura kuti akanga azadzisa vimbiso yake uye akaratidza musoro waMedusa, panguva imwechete Polidekt uye vose vaaitonga vaishushikana.

Pamwe chete naamai vake nemudzimai wake, Perseus akadzokera kunyika yake. Apo Baba Danai vakaziva kuti muzukuru wake akanga ari mupenyu, akanyangarika pakuonekwa. Asi uporofita hwake hwakamuwana iye paasina kutarisira. Munguva yemitambo yemitambo, Perseus akakanda diski yakarova sekuru vake Akrisia, uye kubva pangozi iye akafa. Mwari Perseus ainyanya kunetseka pamusoro peizvi uye akasarudza kuchinja nababamunini Megapentom humambo, akaenda kundotonga muTiryns, kwaakavaka guta reMycenae uye akaramba achida kutonga imomo kwemakore akawanda.

Mufananidzo wePerseus mune unyanzvi

Greece yekare, pasina mubvunzo, yakakonzera zvikuru kukura kwemaitiro munyika yose. Inoratidzika muzvikamu zvakasiyana, zvive kuveza, kuvezwa kana mabhuku. Mumwe nomumwe mwari anonyatsoteerera, kusanganisira chimiro chaPerseus chinogona kuwanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana zveunyanzvi.

Hazvikwanisi kutaurwa kuti Perseus ndiye mwari wechimwe chinhu (mhepo, moto, mvura kana chimwe chiitiko chechisikigo). Anomiririrwa segamba iro rakakunda madhimoni, uye akanga ari munhu akazvimirira, akaberekwa naMwari Zeus uye Danai anofa.

Kubva pamazuva ekare, kutaurwa kwaro kunowanikwa mune unyanzvi. Saka iwe unogona kuona mufananidzo we Rembrandt, wakatsaurirwa kuna amai vake Danae. Mabasa mazhinji anorumbidza chiito chaPerseus apo akagura musoro waMedusa Gorgon, sezvakatsanangurwa nemufananidzo waRubens uye mufananidzo weCaravaggio.

Iyo yakavezwa "Titan Atlant" inotaura kuti nenzira imwechete Atlanta yakashanyirwa naPerseus, uyo, akafanana naHercules, aiva mwanakomana waZeus. Mwarikadzi Themis akafanotaura kuAtlanta kuti aizoparara pamwanakomana weZeus, uye akafunga kuti ichange iri Perseus, uye haana kumugamuchira semushanyi, asi akakurumidza kumhanya, iyo iyo Perseus yakamukuratidza musoro weMedusa ndokuiita iyo chifananidzo chebwe.

Pamusoro pemusangano uye kuponeswa kweAndromeda zvakare kunotaurira mifananidzo yakawanda: mufananidzo Rubens naJ. Vasari vakagadzira zvigaro zvakatsaurirwa pachiitiko ichi.