Nhaka zvirwere - kwevanhu Gene kunotouraya

Nhaka zvirwere vane etiological chinokonzera muchimiro kunotouraya, izvo kwete chete kukonzera zvarakasiya, asi kukanganisa pathogenesis yavo. Muzviitiko izvi pane majini kubatwa.

Nhaka kunotouraya akakamurwa kuvabereki uye chromosomal zvirwere. Chokutanga vakapfuura pasina kuchinja pamusoro zvizvarwa, izvo zviri kukonzerwa Zvakaitwa mutated Gene, asi pathogenesis kwayo chokuita zvikuru zvibereko majini (zvemamiriro mamiriro, kushaya makemikari kana mapuroteni).

Chromosomal nhaka chirwere Classified ne mhando mutation syndromes izvo zvakakonzera Numeric (aneuploidy, polyploidy) uye STRUCTURAL (duplications, translocations, inversions, deletions) rearrangements. Panewo weboka mono- uye polygenic zvirwere. The yokupedzisira kazhinji nokuda enhaka kubatwa.

Rimwe boka ndiwo zvarakasiya dzinomuka panguva fetus uye kusapindirana rwaamai antibodies. Muenzaniso uri hemolytic chirwere achangozvarwa.

Nhaka nezvirwere womunhu vari zvikuru ukama mamiriro vabereki pamusoro rwaamai divi. Somuenzaniso, kana amai akasangana kenza yemazamu, pane mukuru mukana mumwe kudhumhana ine zvakafanana dambudziko. Uye kana pane yepedyo pamwe chirwere zvokuongorora mukana kaviri. Kana munhu ari pangozi inokurudzirwa kuita achiongororwa mazamu ose gore. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kenza yemazamu kunokonzerwa mutated majini chinopfuudzwa kubva mai kana baba. Kana majini kushanda zvakanaka, masero ari mammary mumasero kuva zvakanaka, iri huye kutyorwa anogona kutanga kenza yemazamu.

Kana amai akwegura kuvhuna pfupa duku kuwa kana kuva mupfupi, ipapo osteoporosis. vana varo rinowanika yakakwirira mukana chete chirwere. Kwakadaro zvirwere nhaka inowanzowanika chaizvo mumhuri. Man Hatigoni kuchinja majini dzavo uye kubvisa siyana zvinokonzera njodzi (zera, chechikadzi). Zvisinei, kuti tirambe pfupa utano uye kuderedza njodzi dziripo. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira kutevera zvokudya zvakawanda vhitamini D uye calcium, vanoita kurovedza, kubvisa kusvuta uye doro.

Mwoyo chirwere anoonekwa kuti vakawanda munhurume. Zvisinei, ivo chikonzero chikuru rwaamai hunofa vari nhaka. BP (neBP), remafuta akawandisa, uye chirwere cheshuga ndivo vanonyanya zvinokonzera njodzi kuti pave kusimukira mwoyo chirwere uye vane majini kubatwa. Kuderedza mukana urwere zvinogona vanobatisisa mararamiro utano uye nokudzora migumisiro mupfungwa. Kuti tiwane chirwere pasi kuzvidzora, unofanira kuenda nguva dzose kunoonekwa nachiremba.

Depression zvakare muwisira chikamu kwevanhu enhaka zvirwere. kukura kwayo kukanganisa majini, hormone akafanana, makemikari uropi kusaenzana, kuvapo anoshungurudza zviitiko. Kana vabereki achitambura nechirwere ichi, vana variko chete katsika. Kana paine nhoroondo mhuri chirwere vanofanira kutevera kuchinja mafungiro, kugadzirisa dambudziko mangwanani atore kurapwa kwake.

Autoimmune nhaka zvirwere kunyanya kukanganisa vakadzi chete uye vakapfuura pasi kubva mai nomwanasikana. Kana mubereki nechirwere dzinonzi rheumatoid arthritis, jekiseni-zvaanoda chirwere cheshuga kana zvimwe zvirwere autoimmune, pane mukuru mukana wokuti Kupfuudzwa kwayo runotevera. Zvirwere izvi hazvina hazvo chokuita chete chirwere. Somuenzaniso, imwe nhengo yemhuri hwapedyo celiac chirwere, uye mumwe - nemultiple sclerosis.