Nhoroondo akachangamuka Russia

Zvakanaka, uyo haadi cartoons? Zvino indasitiri kwakasimbiswa zvokuti kuti cartoons vane chaidzo zvinokonzerwa uye Graphics, dzimwe nguva zvakaoma kuyeuka "sandara" mabhaisikopu refu-akamira yakaderera-yepamusoro pokuratidzwa, pasina ose zvinokonzerwa, akadai, 3D. vana yanhasi haangatongopindi kunzwisisa zvinorehwa katuni vatambi kubva nevhu pamusoro rarira pamwe chizi zvinoreva nyore pfupi cartoons pamwe zvapera maruva uye zvishoma muffled mazwi evanhu, asi pamusoro filmstrips chandingataura!

Nhoroondo kuchangamuka - kunongova chimwe danho Firimu, nekuti kubva pakutanga cartoons vaionekwa yoga kinozhanrov. Zvakaitikawo pasinei nokuti firimu cartoons vari ishoma pane pamwe kupenda.

Cartoons tinomutenda Joseph Plateau

Kufanana nevamwe kare upi, nhoroondo akachangamuka uye kuchangamuka ane munoitika zvinofadza nezvisingafadzi, mberi uye refu kurega kunotanga. Zvisinei, chokwadi zvinofadza kuti pagadzirwe cartoons hwakura nguva dzose uye anoramba kuita kudaro kusvikira ikozvino. Nhoroondo kwaita kuchangamuka chokuita nezita muBelgian musayendisiti Joseph Plateau. Zvinozivikanwa kuti muna 1832 akasika chitoyi inonzi stroboscope. Kunenge kuti vana vedu vakatanga kutamba nechitoyi munyika nhasi, asi vana varaidzo yakadaro remakore rechi19 rakanga nezvaanoda. On flat Disc rakaiswa richiswedera Somuenzaniso achimhanya bhiza (sezvo aiva rwenze), pamwe nekutambira zvishoma rakasiyana yaimbovapo, kuti ari kutevedzana kwezviitiko vanodhirowa unoratidza mhuka mabasa ari kusvetuka. Kana dhisiki ari kugadzira, pfungwa inonakidza mufananidzo.

Wokutanga multiplier

Asi pasinei Joseph Plateau kuvandudza kugadzwa yayo, kuumba dzakazara katuni akatadza. Akapa nzira kuna wokuFrance Emilyu Reyno, uyo akasika zano rakafanana inonzi praxinoscope, iro raiva humburumbira zvemapuranga nayo dzakadai incremental mapatani sezvo ari stroboscope.

Saka vakatanga nhoroondo kuchangamuka. Nechekare mukupera rechi17, French akavamba duku Manyiminya yemitambo, apo akaratidza vakundi zvose enyambo mharidzo kwemaminitsi 15 pakureba. Nokufamba kwenguva, chirimwa akanga achinja kuwedzera kwegadziriro nezvionioni uye mwenje, izvo, chokwadi, akaunzira nyika yakadaro mashiripiti zvazviri, sezvinoita katuni.

Animation emakore okutanga hwake vakaramba kuva muFrance, pamwe yemitambo uye cinema. Famous Director Emil yose nomukurumbira mutambi kudzima zvesimba, asi achiri katuni akamubata zvakare, uye muna 1908 iye "kupendwa" katuni yake yokutanga. Kuti vawane realism, Kohl vaishandisa mifananidzo uye rubbings zvinhu zvakasikwa, asi achiri mwana wake aiva zvakawanda sezvinoita enyambo bhuku kufamba, pane firimu.

Choreographer of theatre - muvambi akachangamuka Russia

Kana vatungamiriri Russian mune akachangamuka, vari kune imwe itsva pamwero cartoons, zvino basa vacho vaiva puppets. Saka wokutanga mumhuri katuni akasikwa 1906, kubva rakatanga nhoroondo akachangamuka Russian. Alexander Shiryaev, kutamba mwene Mariinsky Theater, kwawedzera imwe katuni, kuitwa izvo 12 vanhu vava kutamba nezvidhori.

Short firimu akanyorwa pamusoro firimu iri makubhiti 1.5 cm akarwadziwawo rakaoma basa. Kwemwedzi mitatu, Alexander akatiza kamera zvikuru okuti zvokuti kakawanda kuti kunyange kutongokwizwa buri pasi. Dolls Have Shiryaev kwete kufamba pamusoro pemvura akaita zvipoko, ivo vari vapenyu, achisvetukasvetuka, Kukosa mudenga uye aite incredible kufamba. Anozivikanwa dzekare uye multipliers achiri havagoni kukanganisika zvakavanzika ichi basa vatambi. Chamuchareva, uye nhoroondo mudzimba kuchangamuka - chinhu yakaoma uye chakakomba, saka regai nguva dzose kunyange zvemberi Nyanzvi asingakwanisi kunyatsonzwisisa zviga kwomudzimu zano.

Vladislav Starevich - inopenya "hunhu" wokuRussia kuchangamuka

History of kuchangamuka chokuita mazita French masayendisiti uye directors. Vladislav Starevich aiva chaizvo "makwai dema" pakati vatorwa, nekuti muna 1912 akasvika aine chaiyo 3D-kuchangamuka! Kwete, nhoroondo Russian kuchangamuka harisati kusvika pokuti vanhu vakachenjera zvakakwana kupfeka chinokosha magirazi, murume akaita refu chidzoyi katuni. Zvakanga mutema uye chena, wokumwe uye kunyange kutyisa, nekuti kuita hunhu wakanaka maoko ake aiva omei.

katuni ichi chainzi "Rakanaka Lyukanida, kana Hondo hono uye barbel", chinonyanya kunakidza ndechokuti Vladislav Starevich aishandisa Tupukanana mubasa rake, waiva hazvishamisi, sezvo akanga kwazvo kwazvo zvisikwa izvi. Yakanga ine murume uyu akatanga cartoons nechinangwa, nekuti Starevich aifunga kuti firimu harifaniri chete kuvaraidza, asi kuti kuva subtext yakati. Uye zvirokwazvo, mafirimu ake akanga agamuchirwa sezvo vamwe Tutorials pamusoro zvipenyu zviri Tupukanana, haana kutarisira multiplier, izvo achasika basa ounyanzvi.

mumwe chete "Lyukanide" Starevich haana kurega, akazonyora akasika cartoons ose ngano, zvino vakatanga kufanana kuti upenyu hwaAbhigairi dzechembere imwe mhando.

purogiramu Soviet

Nhoroondo kuchangamuka eSoviet akatanga muna 1924, apo vasingadzikurudzire nhasi Studio "Kultkino" vemifananidzo shoma zvakabudisa akawandisa vataure cartoons. Pakati pavo paiva "Bhizimisi German uye namabasa", "Soviet Toys", "Pane Zvaitika muTokyo" uye vamwe. Mwero pakusika mumwe katuni iri yekudyidzana kwakawedzera kana kwokutanga animators vaiva mwedzi mumwe chirongwa, zviri ikozvino airarama munguva vhiki 3 (Kashoma kupfuura). Izvi zvakaitwa nokuti budiriro iri unyanzvi. Artists akanga sandara mapatani rwunotiponesawo nguva uye anoita muitiro kusika firimu shoma nguva unoparadza. Animation panguva akapa nyika akawandisa cartoons kuti vari zvikuru kwete chete kuRussia asiwo munyika yose.

Alexander Ptushko

munhu uyu zvakonzerawo kukura kuchangamuka yedu. By dzidzo iye mapurani uye akashanda pasango zvokuimba okugadzira. Asi kana iye asvika "Mosfilm", ndakaziva kuti pakasikwa chidzoyi kuchangamuka rake guru. Ikoko akakwanisa kuunza upenyu uye ake unyanzvi mapurani, uye akabatsira kuumba zvakanaka waishandiswa hwaro yakakurumbira Russian firimu Studio.

Akava kunyanya nomukurumbira pashure pakusikwa "New Gulliver" katuni muna 1935. Kwete, hazvina uchidzifukidza rugwaro panhau, ndiwo rudzi reshaping "Nzendo Gulliver kuti" munzira reSoviet Union. Uye zvinonyanya kukosha uye zvitsva zvinhu Ptushko - akakwanisa chokubatanidza zviviri mirayiridzo yakasiyana zvachose firimu indasitiri: Cartoon nokuita. Zvino cartoons kuonekwa nezvidhori manzwiro, vakawanda, basa zvinova pachena kuitwa muuki. Nhoroondo kuchangamuka vana nezvakanaka uye akanaka vatambi rinotanga Countdown iri Ptushko.

Nokukurumidza, akava mukuru mutsva Studio "Soyuzdetmultfilm" cartoons, asi sezvineiwo pashure pechinguva achisiya ake post, ipapo basa rake nechido anozivikanwa chete kuti ndokuguma. Alexander akafunga kuzvipira mafirimu. Asi yake firimu mabasa hunotevedzana, akashandisa "Chips" kuchangamuka.

Walt Disney yake "mupiro"

Zvakaratidza, nhoroondo akachangamuka Russia yakavakwa uye rakavapo zvidimbu kwete chete nokuda Russian vatsvakurudzi, masayendisiti uye mafeni pamusoro cartoons, Walt Disney pachake akapa Moscow firimu pamutambo mumwe vanodzungunyika yose firimu yepamusoro dzakapendwa ose kufarira katuni pamusoro akanaka Mickey Mouse yekare. firimu yedu mudzimba Director Fyodor Khitruk vakafara chaizvo kumeso uye asazivikanwa pepuranga mwero nokunaka kudhirowa, ndakaziva kuti tinoda chete! Zvisinei, muna Russia kwaingova puppetry kuti uzviise zvinyoronyoro, matoyi unpresentable. Maererano nechido kunatsiridza Studio yakanga akasikwa, anozivikanwa Soviet nevana post-Soviet - "Soyuzmultfilm".

"Soyuzmultfilm" - zvomunguva yakapfuura Corporation

Muna 1935, animators edu akaona kuti zvakanga nguva kuti chinhu muupenyu katuni mifananidzo kuchinja, yava nguva kudzingira kunze nezvidhori iwayo akwegura uye kutanga kuita zvinhu zvakakomba. Kusanganisa Studios akawanda duku vakapararira kumativi nyika, chaiva kusika hombe-pamwero basa, vatsoropodzi vakawanda vanoti kuti nhoroondo kuchangamuka chinotanga nguva ichi munyika yedu. Wokutanga basa Studio tsvarakadenga kunofinha nokuti vakanga vakazvipira kuna kukura mberi muEurope, asi nokuda 1940, nyanzvi kubva Leningrad kuMoscow vakatamira Union. Asi kunyange pashure paizvozvo, hapana chakanaka chakaitika kubvira hondo yakatanga, masangano ose vane chiratidzo chakajeka - kumutsa nyika mweya yevanhu.

Pashure pehondo, paiva nomusiyano kuwedzera padanho kugadzirwa cartoons. The Fafitera haana kuona zvatinosiita kuchinja mifananidzo uye kwete zvatinosiita nezvidhori uye zvinokwanisika kutaurwa uye dzinonakidza nezviitiko. izvi zvose chakanga kubudirira kuburikidza nokushandisa midziyo itsva, vaudzewo shamwari American Walt Disney uye ake Studio. Somuenzaniso, muna 1952 mainjiniya akasikwa anawo kamera se "Disney" Studio. Kuti pave itsva nzira yokupfura (stereoscopic kushanda) akauya kuna automatism vatana. Panguva iyi, cartoons kutora paganda rake idzva, pachinzvimbo vana benzi "kinoshek" kuoneka uye kudzidzisa vamwe nechimiro chokureva basa. Mukuwedzera pfupi mafirimu, bara wenguva-urefu nechido cartoons, yakadai se "The Snow Queen". Kazhinji, kubva pakagadzwa "Soyuzmultfilm" akachangamuka uye nyaya inotanga muna Russia. Nokuti vana mumazuva iwayo, kunyange inochinja duku dzaiva kuoneka uye kunyange pfupi vaduku mafirimu vakanga anoongwa.

1980-1990-s

Pashure shanduko mirayiridzo noruzivo kuchangamuka cartoons Soviet vari kutanga kuwana nani pakupera 1970. Zvaiva munguva gumi pakanga yakadaro aizivikanwa katuni se "tyoni muna Fog", akatarira, zvichida, vana vose vakaberekwa pamberi 2000s. Zvisinei, chinokosha vachisimudza akavhiyiwa multiples vakachengeta muna 80-ies wekupedzisira remakore. Panguva iyoyo yasvika akakurumbira katuni firimu ne Roman Kachanova "Chakavanzika Wechitatu Planet". Izvi zvakaitika muna 1981. Mufananidzo uyu akawana mwoyo vana nguva zhinji, uye vanhu vakuru havasi squeamish pamusoro kukaona, kuva akatendeseka. Mugore iroro akabudisa akakurumbira "Plasticine Crow" zviratidzo vauye Studio "Ekran" itsva multiplier, Aleksandra Tatarskogo. Kwapera makore mashomanana chete nyanzvi pave ane nechido katuni "mhiri kwoMwedzi" ane zita uye kuchitsausa kuziva chii pane mhiri mwedzi?

Asi ivhu - zviri chete "maruva", sapamazuva Sverdlovsk, achishingaira muchirongwa nechido basa munyika, nokubuda firimu vakasikwa kushandisa girazi. Ipapo yakakurumbira girazi Artist Alexander Petrov. Pakati izvi girazi mifananidzo - "rungano pamusoro Little girl kuedza", rakabudiswa muna 1985.

Mugumo 1980s, kwakaratidzwa shamhu nehasha uye ine rondedzero, kushata chifananidzo uye zvose vagueness, zviri nyore kuona nomuenzaniso "The kuongorora kutungamirira balls». fashoni ichi chakanga chakafanana nechirwere, vakapararira kuburikidza nyika wechipfuwo akachangamuka, vemifananidzo shoma kubvisa tsika poromoka painting, kunyange zvazvo anganzi munhu werudzii paguva.

Munguva 90s Russia akatanga pamwe dzokumwe Studios, vemifananidzo uye zvibvumirano nenyanzvi vatorwa pave renguva urefu cartoons. Kunyange zvakadaro, vazhinji nyika Artists kuramba kumba, achibatsirwa dzavo uye akaramba nhoroondo kuchangamuka munyika yedu.

kuchangamuka nhasi

Pashure pokuwa Soviet Union, muupenyu munyika kwete chete rikabudirira dambudziko, asi muupenyu kuchangamuka. Kunenge kuti nhoroondo kuchangamuka vana uyewo vakuru, zvapera. Studios kunge zvaiitikawo chete kuburikidza pakushambadzira uye isingawanzowanikwi mirairo. Asi panguva iyoyo akanga basa, izvo paakavapa mubayiro ( "The Old Man uye Gungwa" uye "Winter kuti ngano"). "Soyuzmultfilm" uyewo rakaparadzwa, zviremera akatengesa kodzero vose cartoons uye kuparara zvachose Studio.

Asi kare muna 2002 Russia kekutanga yokushandisa kombiyuta kuumba Animations, uye kunyange "kujeka" nguva munhoroondo akachangamuka, basa animators Russian anodada nzvimbo munyika makwikwi.

Muna 2006, akatangazve kugadzirwa cartoons muRussia, akabuda "Muchinda Vladimir", "Little Longnose". Kune Studio itsva "Mill" uye "Sunny House".

Asi wakatendeuka kubva kuti apo mangwanani kufara, nokuti pashure 3 years pashure nokubudiswa wokupedzisira kuvazivisa mafirimu vakatanga mutsetse dambudziko dema. Studios zhinji dzakavharwa, uye hurumende akarega kupa kuti pave Russian kuchangamuka.

Zvino vazhinji epamba Studio kusunungurwa zvose kufarira cartoons dzenyu, nyaya dzimwe nguva havana kufanira mune varindi firimu, saka tinofanira kuwana 2-3, uye kunyange zvakawanda nhengo. Nepo kukundikana munhoroondo akachangamuka Russia haasi kutarisirwa.

Zvauchafanira kuita, uye kunyange vakuru vanoda kurinda cartoons, uye dzimwe nguva kuita kunyatsofunga vana vavo, uye zvose nokuda cartoons ano inopenya, dzinonakidza uye anosetsa. Zvino regai enzanisa pamwe mudhori, yakanga akapindwa mapete nezvimwe zvipembenene. Kunyange zvakadaro, chero chikuva, iro "akakwira" nhoroondo Russian kuchangamuka kunokosha, nokuti mumwe nomumwe wavo akatungamirira pakukwana.