Injini yeHidenjini, Toyota. Toyota Mirai ane injini ye-hydrogen

Kusvika parizvino, vanenge vari munyika yose vanogadzira mashizha vari kushingaira kuumba mishonga inoshandiswa pamagetsi ane ushamwari. Nyanzvi dzinoti mumakore gumi nemakumi maviri nemashanu nyika ichashandura zvachose kutenderera uku. Nepo hutungamiri munyaya iyi hunochengetedza kambani "Toyota". Mushure mekusunungurwa kwe "Primus" yakakurumbira, maJapan akasarudza kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza imwe yemotokari yemasikirwo - iyo Toyota Mirai ine injini ye-hydrogen. Muchikamu chemazuva ano tichakurukura zvinhu zvose zvechiitiko ichi, uye zvakare kunyora zvose zvakanakira uye kusagadzirisa kwekushandisa hydrogen mishonga.

Nyaya

"Toyota Mirai" - iyi ndiyo imwe yezvokutanga zvekugadzirwa kweJapan, izvo kambani yakasarudza kubudisa pamusana wechidimbu. Nenzira, chisarudzo chekudana chimiro ichi Mirai chakanga chakarurama, nokuti mukushandura kubva muchiJapan izwi iri rinoreva "Ratidza Ramangwana". Muiti wacho anotaura kuti motokari yokutanga yeHygenjini yeVojeni ichasiyana kubva kune iyo yakafanana neyekuchengeterwa kwemazimbe, iyo inenge iri makiromita 480. Izvi zvakakwanira zvekushanda kwezuva nezuva muguta, uye nokuda kwemhuri kuenda kune marefu marefu. Asi sekufamba kwenguva refu, kusvikira iwe uchivaita pamotokari yakadaro hakuzobudiriri. Uye pano mubvunzo hausi mukuvimbika kwekuvakwa (sekugara nguva dzose, maJapan akaita motokari yepamusoro uye "kwemazera mazhinji"), uye musipo kwezvikwereti zvakakwana zvekuzadza. Asi isu tichataura pamusoro peizvi zvishoma gare gare.

Chinhu chinofadza

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti "Mirai" haisi yemotokari yenyika yekutanga ine injini ye hydrogen. Toyota yave ichivandudza marodhi yemotokari kubva muna 1997. Yaiva panguva iyoyo vanhu vose vakaona motokari yekutanga neine injini ye-hydrogen mumamiriro e-concept-off-road car model FCHV. Zvisinei, maJapan haana kuedza kuitumira mukugadzira kukuru kwekuwanda. Kazhinji kacho jeep ino inogona kuwanika munzvimbo dzehurumende uye masangano akabatanidzwa mukuedza chirwere ichi. Nenzira, injini yeHidenjini inobatanidza BMW neToyota. VaGermany vakasayina chibvumirano nevanjiniya veJapan uye kusvikira 2020 varonga kugadzira nzvimbo itsva yeruzhinji sedan BMW Hydrogen 7-series.

Pros ye hydrogen motokari

Kutanga pamusoro pezvipo. Kutanga, injini inonzi hydrogen-fueleed haina kubudisa zvinosvibisa, zvakasiyana nedzieri uye petroli. Inofanira kuonekwa uye kudhura mari yekushanda kweiyo nzira yekufambisa. Fufu pachayo (hydrogen) inogona kuwanikwa zvose zvishoma nezvishoma. Izvi zvichanyatsogadzirisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu nekugara uchichinja mitengo yefurairi uye zvakanyanya kugovera simba rekushandisa munyika.

Ndeipi kukanganisa kwejini ye hydrogen fuel?

Zvino ngatitaure nezvekukanganisa. Iko kusakosha kukuru kworudzi urwu rwokufambisa ndechokuti injini yeHergenogen (Toyota FCV) inoputika kupfuura iyo yakawanda diesel uye petroolin analogues. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemakemikari anokosha e hydrogen. Nenzira, kunze kwekuputika, inoratidzirwa nekukwirira kwakanyanya. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kutakura uye kupisa kwemotokari ne hydrogen. Uyezve, nyanzvi dzinoti kugadziriswa kwekugadziriswa kwakadaro kuchava kunodhura kupfuura, semuenzaniso, kugadziriswa kwejini injini (nekuda kwechidiki chevashandi vanoziva munharaunda ino). Uye, zvechokwadi, kushaya kwehydrogen kuzadza zvivako. Munyika yevakadaro vashomanana, nokuti ikozvino vanoshandisa motokari idzi dzakaoma zvikuru (kunyanya sezvo iwe unogona kuzadza iyi makina chete nemichina yakakosha).

Tenga nyaya

Dambudziko guru re hydrogen motokari ndekushaikwa kwekuzadza zvivako, pavanokwanisa kuzadza. Ndicho chikonzero nyika inonyanya kufarira motokari dzemagetsi, sezvo dzichibhadhara kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yekutengesa uye kunyange kana zvichifamba, kana pane bhatiri rezuva padenga reimba. Asi kubudiswa kwemitambo yeHidrogen kwave kuchiwedzera. Tatoziva nezvezvirongwa zvekuvaka magasi makumi maviri akadaro muCalifornia. Kana kutengesa kukura, nhamba yeiripo ichawedzera. Nenzira, hurumende iyi yakasarudzwa kuti ive yakanaka - iri muCalifornia kuti kutengesa kunotangira hydrogen "Toyot". Asi isu tichataura nezvekutengesa pamagumo echinyorwa chacho, asi ikozvino regai titarise panze yeruzivo.

Chigadzirwa

Kuonekwa kweToyota Mirai itsva kunoshamisa. Nenguva isipi kupisa kukuru "kumucheto wokumusoro" kunomhanyira mumaziso nemhepo yakakura yakakura uye yakasimudzwa. Irojekti ye radiator, zvichida, chinhu chiduku uye chiduku pane zvose zviri kunze. Asi kunyange pane chiduku chiduku chepurasitiki, maJapan akakwanisa kuisa chiratidzo chavo mu chrome-plated style. Mushonga une nzvimbo yakanaka yekugadzira. Kunyanya inosangana ne windshield. Mutyairi haazonzwi "nzvimbo dzakafa", sezvo zviitiko zvose zvakapoteredza zvino zvinoonekwa sechanza chenuoko rwako. Mumuviri une zvinyorwa zvese uye zvinogadzirisa zvinhu zveaerodynamic. Zvose izvi zvinoita kuti chitarisiko che sedan chive chitsva, chemazuva ano uye chakasiyana.

Interior design

Iko mukati memotokari yakafanana nechikamu chechigadziko-chikwata chebhatani, zvikwereti, sensor uye marudzi ose ezvimwe zvinhu. Zvinofadza kuti maJapan haana kutarisira kushandisa mari pakuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zviviri zvekugadzirisa mukati-yeEurope uye yemisika. Dambudziko nekugadziriswa kwebhiri, vakasarudza zvakanyanya, vachiisa zvese zvinokosha zvekudzidzira midziyo mukati me torpedo. Ipeji yacho pachayo inowanikwa pedyo nechokudzivirira uye yakatambanudzirwa nehupamhi hwayo. Kupfuurira kubva kune iyo yakaiswa huru mubhodhi yekombiyuta, iyo yakagadzirirwa yevashandi vanogadzirira kufamba. Pasi pake kune chimwe chiratidziro. Uye ivo vakaparadzaniswa nemakumbo maviri emhepo. Izvo zvakafanana pamativi ezvioni, chete nekrome edging mukona. Gumbo racho rinosungirirwa nechekudzivirira mabhodhi. Maoko echeche rinotenderera mukati haavipo - zvichida, iyo mhando kana АКПП inoshandiswa. Vapuridzi vari mumasuo, uyewo mabhatani ekudzora magetsi emagetsi. Iro rinotenderera rine unhu hwakanaka. Nenzira yakawanda, kuve kwekambani kwakanyanya kwazvo. Uye kunyange pasinei nokuwanda kwebhatani (kunyanya sezvo hafu yavo inofanirwa), haisi kuderedzwa nezvinhu zvisingakoshi uye pane imwe nzvimbo inoratidzika sechinhu chisingadi.

Technical specifications

Toyota yakabudisa motokari nejini inonzi hydrogen, iyo ine simba guru rekuchengetedza. Simba rekugadzira, maererano nevarimi, richava nemabhiza 153, izvo zvakakwana kumotokari yeyikirasi. Pane dzimwe injini, maJapan haatauri, uye zvichida, imwe chete kuchinja kwechivako ine 153-yakasimba yakasununguka yehutano inobatana ichauya pamusika. Iyo injini yeHidengen (Toyota Mirai 2015 yekubudiswa) inoshanda pamasero anokosha emafuta. Muchikamu chechipiri, kuitika kunoitika umo hydrogen uye oksijeni inotora chikamu. Somugumisiro wekubatana kwemakemikari, simba rine simba rinogadzirwa rinopa motokari yemagetsi.

Dynamics uye mari yekushanda

Mugadziri anotaura kuti simba reToyota rine injini ye-hydrogen haisi yakasiyana nevanokonzerana naini. Kukurumidza kubva ku zero kuenda ku "mazana" kunofungidzirwa mumaminitsi 9. Panguva imwe chete, vanjiniya vanocherechedza mari shoma yekufamba. Mutengo wekuzadza tangi kwekilomita imwechete masentimita gumi chete. Nokudaro, kutyaira motokari makiromita zana, unoda kupedza madhora gumi chete. Uye iwe unogona kuzadza motokari mumaminitsi mashanu chete.

Injini inoshanda sei pane hydrogen?

Zvechokwadi mumwe nemumwe wedu anofunga nezveshoko rekushanda kwechikwata ichi. Zvakanaka, ngationei kuti injini ye hydrogen inoshanda sei.

Iko huru yekufambisa kwemishonga iyi is electrochemical generator (imwe nzvimbo yemafuta). VaJapan vanonzi FC Stack. Mukati me electrochemical generator, zvinotanga kuitika, zvinoguma nekusanganiswa kwehydrogen. Ndiyo panguva iyi iyo simba rinodiwa rinogadzirwa, iro rinodzoserwa kune rimwe bhatikiti. Iyo yekupedzisira inoita basa rekupa motokari yemagetsi, inotungamirira mhepo. Mhando ipi iyo injini ye-hydrogen inobudisa marara? "Toyota Mirai" haisi iyo pasina iyo inonzi motokari yemasikirwo, nokuti pombi yaro inoyerera haina kubudisa gasi inotyisa, asi mvura yakawanda.

Zvose izvi zvakanaka kwazvo, asi pane simba rinodzivisa kufambiswa kwekutakura uku. Dambudziko guru nderokuti matanho ekugadzira mafuta ye hydrogen motokari panguva ino haakwanisi kukura uye anoda mari yakawanda. Uyezve, pakusika hydrogen, zvikamu zvakadai sedasha uye methane zvinosanganiswa. Vari kusvibisa mhepo, uye naizvozvo hapana chinangwa mukushandisa injini dzakadaro nekuda kwe "kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza". Zvechokwadi, hapana dongo kubva kumoto weiyo mafuta (mvura yakachena), asi kuti uite, iwe unoda kuparadza zvakanyanya mhepo nemhepo yakasvibiswa. Nokudaro, nyanzvi dzakawanda dziri kutsvaga kutsvaga kweiyo yema ICE iri mumabhatiri ezuva.

Nenzira, hydrogen haisi yemhando ipi zvayo yemafuta, iyo inogona kushandiswa chete kune rumwe rudzi rwejini. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti chigadzirwa ichi chinonyatsogoneka kushandiswa pazvikamu zvekare zvinopisa mumoto. Zvisinei, mushure mekudaro, pane zviitiko. Ichokwadi ndechokuti hydrogen, iyo yakapiswa muIIC, inopa imwe chete ye3 simba iyo yaizogadzira pane imwe sangano. Ichokwadi, injinjiniya dzakakwanisa kugadzirisa kukanganisa uku. Pamusana pekushandurwa kwemagetsi, kushandiswa kwemagetsi akadaro hakuderedzi, asi, asi, kunowedzera ka-1.5 nguva kubva pane inowanzoitika, izvo zvinoita kuti kushandiswa kwemafuta aya kuve kwakanaka uye kunonzwisisika kubva mune zvakasikwa uye mune zvehupfumi.

Asi matambudziko akaonekwa kuti kwete mumunda wekushanda. Uye kana kukwanisa kweanjiniya kwakawedzerwa nenzira yekuvandudza kushandiswa kwemhepo, saka havakwanise kurarama nezvinetso zvakadai sekupisa kwemafirimu mukamuri, kupisa kwepistoni nemagetsi. Nenzira iyo, nekushanda kwenguva yakareba, hydrogen inokwanisa kuita nemamwe motokari zvinyorwa, kusanganisira kugadzirwa. Uye kunze kweiyo, injini inobuda nokukurumidza zvikuru. Mukuwedzera, hydrogen nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwayo inogona kupinda mukati memhepo yakawanda uye inopisa ipapo. Kana iri iyo inotungidzika mukati memoto inopisa, inongova, kuburikidza nekushanduka kwakasarudzwa uye kureba kwakakura pakati pevatengesi, zvakanakisisa kushandiswa kwemafuta akadaro seyoyo huru. Pamubvunzo uyu, kuti injini ye hydrogen inoshanda sei, inogona kufungidzirwa yakavharwa.

Pamusoro pemari

Maererano nemugadziri, kutanga kwekutengesa kweToyota Mirai kuchaitika munguva yegore ra2015. Pakutanga iyo itsva inozowanikwa chete mumusika wemisika, uye muzhizha ichaonekwa pamisika yeEurope neAmerica. Mutengo wokutanga we hydrogen "Toyota" ndiyo 57.5 zviuru zvemadhora. Mukuwedzera, kambani inopa kupa iyo motokari pachikwereti nebhadharo yemwedzi we $ 500. Iko bhonasi ichava mukana wekusununguka kusvitsa motokari mukati megore kuCalifornia gas station.

Kunyange zvazvo "Toyota" yeJapan haina makwikwi pakati pemodhijini yemotokari. Pachinhu chiduku, chichava kusvikira muna 2016. Ichokwadi ndechokuti muna March 2016, imwe itsva ye hydrogen motokari Honda FCV inopinda mumusika. Asi zvingave zvakakurumbira, hatizofanotauri, asi ikozvino tichamirira kutanga kwekutengeswa kweToyota Mirai itsva.

Mhedziso

Saka, takaona kuti nei ichikosha chaizvo uye kuti injini ye hydrogen inoshanda sei. Toyota ndiyo imwe yevashandi vekutanga vanofungisisa kufunga nezvekugadzira "michina yakasununguka yemiti" mukugadzirwa kwehukuru. Zvisinei, kusvikira dambudziko rine magesi uye nzira shoma yekuwana hydrogen inogadziriswa , kambani haifaniri kunge iri kubudirira kukuru mukutengeswa kwemotokari.