Rehydrogen

Rehydrogen zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa matavi siyana maindasitiri: iri kwetunhu rehydrogen chloride, amoniya (amoniya zvatowedzera kushandiswa pakugadzira senitrogen fetiraiza), iri kugadzirwa kwezvinhu aniline, ari kupora vasiri ferrous simbi ores. In zvokudya indasitiri rinoshandiswa kubudisa Sevamiririri mafuta emhuka (margarine). Maererano apa akakodzera nyaya iri kugadzirwa rehydrogen mu muindasitiri ezvinhu.

gasi ichi runoonekwa sechinhu mutakuri simba mune ramangwana nokuti renewable, usingatangi emit "girinihausi gasi" CO₂ panguva combustion, unobereka yakawanda simba paminiti chikwata uremu ari combustion kwacho uye ari nyore dzikwanise Magetsi pamusoro mafuta muchitokisi.

Under Murabhoritari mamiriro rehydrogen kazhinji kuwana nokuderedza nesimbi kuti dzakasara electrochemical voltage series, nemvura uye acids:
Zn + 1HCl = ZnCl₂ + H₂ ↑: ΔH <0
2Na + 2HOH = 2NaOH + H₂ ↑: ΔH <0.

In indasitiri, rehydrogen chionekeso kunoitika kunonyanya dzinongoitika kubudiswa uye chokuita magasi.

1. methane Kutendeuka. Kwacho kuri zvakaitwa methane nemvura mhute pa 800 - 900 ° C: CH₄ + H₂O = CO ↑ + 3H₂ ↑; ΔH> 0. Pamwe muitiro uyu vachishandisa rusarura oxidation pamusoro Mahydrocarbon pamwe okisijeni pamberi mvura mhute: 3CH₄ + O₂ + H₂O = 3CO + 7 H₄. Nzira idzi pakupedzisira kurasikirwa kukosha kwavo sezvo yeHydrocarbon Matura kwezvinoshandiswa.

2. Biohydrogen kunogona kuwanikwa kubva algae ari bioreactor. Mukupera kuma1990 akanga akawanikwa kuti kana nesarufa kunyima algae, vachava chinja kubva kugadzirwa reokisijeni, kureva. E. Normal photosynthesis, kuti rehydrogen kugadzirwa. Biohydrogen zvinogona kubudiswa bioreactors, uchishandisa, kunze algae, matunhu neminisiparati tsvina. The muitiro kunoitika nemabhakitiriya izvo yekubata yeHydrocarbon uye kubudisa rehydrogen uye CO2.

3. kutonhora Zvakadzama chemubhotoro hovhoni gasi. In nedanho coking marasha akagadzira zvikamu zviduku zvitatu: yakasimba - chemubhotoro, mvura - marasha tara - uye gasi rine, kunze Mahydrocarbon, samolecular rehydrogen (anenge 60%). chikamu chiduku ichi pasi Ultra zvakadzama kutonhora pashure kubatwa ne chaiyo zvinhu, izvo zvinoita kuti tikwanise kusiyanisa rehydrogen pakusachena.

4. Mukudhinda rehydrogen kubva mvura uchishandisa electrolysis - nzira kuti vanopa pachena rehydrogen: 2H₂O → electrolysis → 2H₂ + O.

5. The kabhoni Kutendeuka. Pakutanga, gasi mvura inotengwa nokuisa mvura mhute kuburikidza tsvuku-inopisa kusvika 1000 ° C Coke: C + H₂O = CO ↑ + H₂ ↑; ΔH> 0, iyo zvino hwakakanyiwa chiutsi iri vakayambuka nenharo kusvika 400 - 500 ° C tiwedzere Fe₂O₃. The kukurukurirana pamusoro carbon monoxide (II) uye chiutsi: CO + H₂O + (H₂) = CO₂ + 2H₂ ↑; ΔH> 0.

6. Mukudhinda rehydrogen kubudikidza kutendeuka kubva carbon monoxide (CO), kwakavakirwa yakasiyana maitiro achishandisa dzepepuru photosynthetic bacteria (unicellular tusingaoneki yepakutanga tsvuku kana vaaleanpunainen ruvara, iro chokuita pamberi photosynthetic pigments). Mabhakitiriya aya kubudisa rehydrogen kubudikidza chaishanda maitiro: CO + H₂O → CO₂ + H₂.

Paumbwe rehydrogen ndiyo mvura, maitiro hakurevi dzakakwirira tembiricha okuvimba. The kwacho kunoitika panguva mukamuri tembiricha murima.

Industrial kukosha mazuva ano anowana dzidziso rehydrogen kubva magasi anobudiswa panguva peturu yokucheneswa.

Zvisinei, vakawanda havazivi kuti zvinokwanisika kuwana rehydrogen pamba. Nokuti chinangwa ichi tinogona kushandisa maitiro mhinduro ine alkali uye aruminiyamu. Tora hafu-fő regirazi bhodhoro ane chimiso buri, dzinonzwa kuti unouya chubhu, 10 g mhangura sulfate, 20 d munyu, 10 g alumina, 200 g mvura chibharuma.

Gadzirirai mhinduro hwemhangura sulfate: 100 g mvura Wakawedzerwa 10 g mhangura sulfate.

Cooking munyu: 100 g mvura Wakawedzerwa 20 g munyu.

The mhinduro iri zvakasiyana. Wedzera kunoguma musanganiswa aruminiyamu. Kamwe muguchu akaonekwa chena slurry vachikoshesa kuti chubhu uye chibharuma rizadze pamwe vakashanduka rehydrogen.

Teererai! Izvi chete kupedza panze. Raida tembiricha kuzvidzora, sezvo kuita kunoitika ne-shanduka nokupisa anogona havazodzoreki.

Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti rehydrogen, kana hwakakanyiwa mhepo, nokuumba panhamo, unonzi detonating gasi (zvikamu zviviri rehydrogen uye mugove mumwe okisijeni). Kana muvhenganiswa ichi kuti vesa, zvichava putika.