Muvezi Nikkolo Pizano: Biography, okugadzira zvinhu uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Nyaya ino omerera upenyu uye basa Italian muvezi uye mapurani Nikkolo Pizano. Zvinonzi kuzivikanwa sezvo muvambi wechikoro Italian pakati mapurani kuti uchiumba mifananidzo kukura yose Italy.

mavambo

Nikkolo Pizano anonzi kuva muvambi wechikoro kuItaly chivezwa uye ndiye baba yakakurumbira matarenda muvezi Dzhovanni Pizano. Uyewo hazvina kunozivikanwa wendarama Protorenessansa tsika. Musi chaiwo wakazvarwa tenzi kuzivikanwa. Vaongorori basa rake anoratidza kuti ungangotarisa zuva unogona kunzi muna 1219.

Nomuvezi akaberekwa muna Puglia, kumaodzanyemba Italy. Kana tava kuenda zvakachengetedzwa pamusoro Siena, uchaona kuti anonzi mwanakomana Pietro. "Pisano" - harisi zita chairo, asi chete remadunhu- kuti murongedzeri yakanga, refu nguva vakashanda Pisa.

kudzidza

Nikkolo Pizano, ane basa zvakajeka kunoratidza yakakwirira nenhanho unyanzvi, vakadzidza kubva vanatenzi vanhuwo muguta rake. Panewo zvokufungidzira kuti akanga akadzidziswa mumusangano, uyo akashanda Brasco papfudzi Emperor Frederick II uye aiva pfungwa dzekare tsika. Zvinofanira akati asvika Pisa kare chaizvo kuumbwa muvezi. Sezvo nguva dzakaratidza, akaita chisarudzo chakarurama, achipa akakwidza Byzantine tsika nokuda achidzokera mapurasitiki zvenyika yekare. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kumativi 1245 M-Nikkolo Pizano ueahal Tuscany apo vakashanda Castello Del Prato Emperor.
Kwapera nguva, nomuvezi suduruka zvakare: inokudziridza Lucca, apo akaramba chivezwa ake. Papera chinguva, iye kunoita mu Pisa (pakati 1245 uye 1250 years). Iri guta iri Nikkolo Pizano akasangana mudzimai wake weramangwana, uye akava baba. Mudiwa wake anoziva zvachose. Pisano mwanakomana anodiwa uye akadzidzisa raanoziva ake pazera duku. Sezvo kutamira Pisa, rwunotanga kuoneka zvose zvinyorwa pasi zita Nikkolo Pizano.

zvisikwa

Vanotsvakurudza ruzivo haagoni kutaura kuti chokwadi kuti basa mhando aiva muruoko nomuvezi Pisano. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kushongedzwa wenhare Castello Del Emperor akanga kuroorana naye. Zviri kazhinji kuti munyori reshumba anofananidzirwa pamusoro portal wenhare, zvakare, iye. Nokuti basa rake Tuscan nguva zvinosanganisira "musoro musikana", riri kuratidzwa muRoma (Palazzo Venezia). In Lucca rinotaura kushongedzwa pamusoro France St. Martin kuti Cathedral.

chokutanga Paaidzidzisa

Nikkolo Pizano, vane zvivezwa vanosangana muItaly yose, muna 1255 vakagamuchira chairo runyararo Pisa, maererano yaiva kusika nechigaro of Baptistery. On chirongwa ichi nomuvezi vakashanda neshamwari dzake Lapo Di Richevuto uye Arnolfo von change. Raiva basa rokutanga kuti Pisano akaita vakasaina. Zvinonzi vaiona Paaidzidzisa yake yokutanga, sezvo tenzi akakwanisa chokubatanidza chekare uye mushakabvu manyorerwo Roman.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti asati wokushingaira Pisano akadzidza sculptural nyaya nguva Augustus, saka yakawanda yakanga akaratidza muDhipatimendi of Baptistery. Waiva 6-kabhoni marongerwo akaitwa chena, pink uye rima mitema machena, izvo anoisa pamusoro pamaberere. Ekupedzisira dzakaitwa muna Gothic manyorerwo muchimiro trefoil. Arch inotsigira kumusoro pembiru. Panguva makona nomumwe Arch yakaiswa mufananidzo chero zvina hukuru unhu (inonyanya kufarirwa mufananidzo - nomufananidzo Force muchimiro Hercules). Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pakasikwa chete kwakadaro baptistery vanatenzi akafuridzirwa kwokukunda Maberere Roma, waakange kuyemurwa, paakaenda kuna womuOstia.

Ngatiyeukei kuti Arch of Constantine anonziwo yakashongedzwa mbiru uye reliefs. Mumakore vanoratidzwa mifananidzo dzakasiyana kubva upenyu hwaJesu Kristu: "Kutongwa Kwokupedzisira,", "achikudza Magi," "Namashoko mutemberi," "The Crucifixion", etc. Uyewo, basa baptistery haagoni kufuratira pachena chaiwo zvinofurira Pisano akadzidziswa pa .. wedare Emperor Frederick II. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvakanakisisa mabasa Niccolo - chivezwa "Ziviso", "achikudza vafudzi" uye "Dzokuberekwa". In basa iri nomuvezi akabudirira aibatanidza mabikirwo yekare uye ano vanatenzi zvinorehwa inoyera tsika dzechiKristu. In mufananidzo uyu mutsvene ndiko nowenyika basa vatenzi vekare: vakanga kunokudzwa, kutobaya uye akangwara.

Shutdown nemwanakomana wake

Around 1264 Pisano akapedza basa anofanira kuva rising baptistery. Pakutanga zvakanga kuroorana mapurani Diotisalvi, asi ipapo basa rakapiwa Niccolo. Nomuvezi asarudza kuti Baptistery pamusoro nokushongedza pamwe domes maviri. Around 1278 kubatsira Niccolo akauya mwanakomana wake Giovanni, uyo akabatsira kupedzisa ari baptistery, akajeka France zvivezwa. Papera chinguva, Niccolò akatanga basa racho kuti Areka zvisaririra St. Dominic. Development Pisano kweBhaibheri, asi mberi basa chakarambwa. Papera chinguva, aiva ruoko achiri pakusikwa guva nokuda Saint. Dominic muna Bologna pamwe Van Guglielmo.

The Department nokuti Siena Cathedral

Around 1265, akatanga kushanda kuti dhipatimendi pamusoro Siena Cathedral. In yose iye akapedza pairi kwemakore anenge matatu. The cheya kwazvo zvakafanana ake Paaidzidzisa rokutanga - the baptistery. Zvisinei, pano akachinja kukura uye mamiriro akaita kurei ukuru. Uyewo kucherechedzwa kushongedzwa, nekuti yakanga zvikuru woumbozha kupfuura kutanga kuongorora. On chirongwa akanga achishanda pamwe neshamwari dzake dzakavimbika - mwanakomana Giovanni, rakanyorwa Arnolfo od change uye Lapo Di Richevuto. Kana isu nyatsoongorora-dimensional zvitatu zvakaumbwa reliefs, tinogona kutaura kuti vane kwazvo simba French Gothic.
Basa wekupedzisira Nicola uye Dzhovanni Pizano - tsime, iro akaitirwa vashongedze chikuru mativi Perugia. Affidavits vanoti Niccolo akavaka muchechi Santa Trinita muna Florence, sechiyeuchidzo Cistercian Gothic, izvo akaramba kukura kwayo kuItaly.

Achiratidza tinogona kutaura kuti Niccolo aiva tateguru chikoro Italian kuti chivezwa urwo rwakatora kusvikira XIV remakore, uye nawo kupararira yose Italy. Zvikuru mabasa Pisano ndohwavo kare vaiva nderechinyakare zviratidzo uye zvifananidzo, nzvimbo wazara zvachose, pasina kupa nzvimbo kutiza chinoshamisira. Asi basa Nikkolo Pizano (mifananidzo yake) kuti agadzirire vanhu kuti kuchinja kukuru mune chivezwa uye mapurani. Zvava yorudzii springboard vapamatunhu kusvetuka. Makore 1260-1270 vakanga chaizvo nokuda tenzi, nekuti akanga achiwana Zvinorayirwa zvose pamusoro Italy.