Sarudza motokari. Variator kana automaton - chii chiri nani?

Pamotokari yemadzinza ekupedzisira zvose magetsi uye zvigadziriro zvinogona kuiswa. Mukuwedzera, kwete kuwanda kwakanyanya kwemotokari yakagadzirirwa zvinoshandiswa. Kana neine mechanic zvinhu zvose zvakajeka, zvino ndezvipi neyekupedzisira maviri? Saka kana uchitenga motokari itsva kana yakashandiswa pamberi pomutengi kune mubvunzo chaiwo wepanyama: a variator kana an automaton - zviri nani? Usati wapindura, unofanirwa kuverenga imwe tsanangudzo. Nenzira, chii chiri musiyano uri pakati pebhokisi rega rega uye vari vari.

Automatic box

Automatic transmission (automatic transmission) yakasikwa pakatanga kwezana remakore rechi20, uye yekushanda kwayo kwepakutanga, yakawanikwa pakuvaka zvikepe. Mutsvaki waro ndiye musayendisiti weGermany Fettinger, uyo akakumbira kutumirwa kwe hydrodynamic, iyo yakabudisa injini uye propeller.

Zvimwe gare gare, mumazana makumi emakore ekupedzisira, maAmerican automakers akatanga kuisa Automatic Hydramatuc mabhokisi kuMashini Oldsmobile. Kubva panguva iyo, kuronga kwekutsvaga kwekutsvaga, kunoumbwa kwezvinhu zviviri zvikuru (a torque converter uye zvakananga muchechi wacho pachako), yakashanduka zvishoma - yakagadziridzwa chete. Iko rinotendeuka, rinotora kabati, rinokubvumira kuti uchinje mabhesi zvakanaka, pasina kuvhara, uye bhokisi rejiyo, iro rinoumbwa nemaviri maviri emagetsi, rinoita kuti zvive nyore kugadzirisa chiyero che gear. Usati wawana mhinduro kumubvunzo: mhando kana an automaton - zviri nani, munhu anofanira kuongorora simba rose uye kusava nesimba kwemhando imwe neimwe.

Makomborero ekutsvaga kutengesa:

• Zviri nyore mukufambisa;
• Wedzera hupenyu hwema clutch uye injini;
• Yakaderedzwa mafuta ekushandisa pakushandisa nhanhatu-kutengesa kutengesa kushandiswa.

Kukanganisa kwekutengesa kwekutengesa:

• Wakakosha simba;
• Motokari dzakagadzirwa neine-inotenderera hutachiona huwandu hwakawedzera mafuta ekushandisa;
• Kuoma kwekugadzirisa;
• Chinodiwa chemafuta anoshandurwa kakawanda (achifananidzwa nemichina);
• Kushandiswa kwekashandiswa pakadzika.

Variator

Mhedziso yakadzika yekuti mhandara yakagadzirwa gare gare nehutachiona hutachiona hwehutori iko kukanganisa kukuru. Pfungwa yebasa rake yakarondedzerwa nemukurumbira Leonardo da Vinci muzana remakore reXV, kungozivisa kuti zvaive zvichiitika munguva pfupi yapfuura - muchikamu chechipiri chezana remakore rechi20.

Kuchinja kunopfuurira kunogona kunzi imwe yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutengesa. Haana kukurumidza zvachose. Mukugadzirisa, muparidzi ane maviri emapulleys (tenzi nemuranda), anowirirana kune imwe uye anosunganidzwa nebhande re trapezoidal. Zvigunwe zvekona zvine zvishoma, zvinoshandura uye zvinowedzera izvo zvinoshandisa chiyero chetende kubva pakudhonza pulley kumuranda.

Pfungwa yekushanda uye chigadzirwa chemichina pano, chokwadi, iri nyore uye inoshanda. Zvisinei, zvingava zvisina kunaka kutaura zvakananga kuti kana iwe ukasarudza kushandura kana automaton, zviri nani kutenga mutengesi. Pasinei nekuremekedzwa kwayo, haisiwo kusina kukanganisa.

Kubatsira kwechinoshandura:

• Kuwedzera dynamics;
• Pashoma mafuta ekushandisa;
• Basa rakaoma;
• Kuwedzera mujini injenyu;
• Kuita kwemotokari kushanda.

Kukanganisa kwechinoshandura:

• Zvakaoma (uye zvinonyanya kukosha - zvinodhura) kugadzirisa;
• Chido chekutsvaira bhanhire yose makiromita 100-150 makiromita;
• Kuvapo kwezvinhu zvakaoma zvemagetsi, kukundikana kwaro kunogona "kubhururukira nepeni yakaisvonaka";
• Kushandisa mafuta anokosha.

Semhedziso

Saka, muparidzi kana an automaton - chii chiri nani? Kana kutonga nehutano hunoshandiswa, zvekare zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa zvine simba, zvechokwadi, zviri nani kudarika hutachiona hwekutengesa. Kuwedzera kune izvi - kushandiswa kwema gear kushandiswa uye kuderedza mafuta ekushandisa. Zvisinei, michina iri nyore uye inodhura kugadzirisa. Kunyange zvakadaro, kana iwe ukatenga motokari itsva zvachose, iyo yakafukidzwa newaranti, unogona kusarudza uye kuchinja. Mune mhaka ipi zvayo, mhinduro isina kukodzera kumubvunzo: chii chakanaka - muparidzi kana an automaton, zvichida, hapana anokwanisa kupa, uye naizvozvo chisarudzo chokupedzisira chinotarisana newe.