Non-systemic kupikiswa: pfungwa, vamiririri uye vatungamiri

Zvinenge zvose vagari Russia vakanzwa izwi akadai "kupikiswa vasiri systemic." Asi munhu wose ane yavo pfungwa yaro chaizvo. Kazhinji, maonero aya ane ukama asi kure chaichoicho. Saka chii chiri kupikiswa isiri systemic kuRussia, iyo mabasa pamberi pake uye anoisa vatungamiriri ayo? Ngationei mhinduro chaiwo dzemibvunzo iyi.

Pfungwa dzisiri hurongwa kushorwa

kupikiswa Non-systemic - enyika simba anopikisana pachayo kuhurumende kuitika munyika, asi iri kazhinji kushandiswa nzira kurwisa dzisiri reparamende. Masangano akadai kashoma kutora chikamu mune sarudzo. nzvimbo yake political vanoratidza kuburikidza Kuratidzira, sabhoteji pamusoro paruzhinji anokumbira Zvaitongwa nezviremera, uye dzimwe nguva kuvamanikidza nerokukundisa.

Kuti mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuva nokuda zvinoverengeka:

• Kushaya kutenda vaya vanopinda kupikiswa asiri maitiro uye mukana democratic nzira kubvisa simba kubva enyika nemauto, kugara simba.
• Vanosarudzwa zvakaitwa zviremera kudzivisa zvimwe Masangano ari nesarudzo muitiro.
• The pamutemo Kurambidzwa mabasa mamwe masangano kuti vari kushorwa non-hurongwa.

Wokupedzisira chinhu zvinoreva kuchitendero mapoka akasiyana, basa iri magariro kana Anti-mamiriro hunhu. Kuongororwa nehurumende chiito vamiririri kupikiswa dzisiri systemic hakusi zvinovaka nguva dzose. Kazhinji, vane mhosva ipi zvinhanho zvakatorwa nezviremera.

The chidzoke vasiri hurongwa kushorwa

Shoko rokuti "dzisiri systemic kushorwa" yakabuda Russia kunhivi kwezana chemakore. Muna 2003, panguva iyo State Duma sarudzo, bato sunungukei "Yabloko", inotungamirirwa Grigoriem Yavlinskim, uye Union Ezvakanaka Forces (SPS), akatungamirirwa Boris Nemtsov haana zvakaitika reParamende. Muna State Duma vakanga chete munharaunda avo vari mumwe nzira kana imwe vakatsigira mutemo magetsi Russian utungamiri. Saka, vanhu vakawanda, izvo yamboshandiswa kuonekwa "heavyweights" zvematongerwo Olympus, vakasara kubva upenyu nyika dzeparamende. Izvi zvinokonzerwa navo mhosva yesarudzo kubiridzira nezviremera.

Vasingakwanise kupesvedzera upenyu munyika nzira dzeparamende, mauto kupikiswa dzakamanikidzwa kuita nedzimwe nzira. Vakatanga kuronga vakawanda okutsutsumwa kuumbwa kusateerera kuzviremera. Sezvo iri mhando yebasa kwakanga itsva kwavari, uye mukurumbira pakati vanacho kuramba ichiderera mauto worupo vasara kunze muparamende, dzakamanikidzwa kutsvaka vatsigiri ruzivo mune mutambo mumunda uyu. Vaiva nemapoka kupikiswa-siyana, pamwe Semi-pamutemo, kana kunyange hazvitenderwi kuRussia. Kukosha ava National Bolshevik Party Eduard Limonov uye Vanguard of Red Youth Sergei Udaltsov. Saka, paiva nokupikiswa non-systemic.

Nhoroondo asiri hurongwa kushorwa kwebasa

Wokutanga kutsutsumwa, kubatanidza mashoko "Apple", iro PCA uye National Bolshevik Party, kwakaitika muna March 2004. Panguva iyoyowo akaronga kuti "Committee-2008", iyo mumwe vaitungamirira mabasa vakaridza kunozivikanwa wechesi mutambi Garry Kasparov. The chikuru chinangwa sangano rakanga kugadzirira sarudzo wenyika muna 2008, sezvo muna 2004, zvaifungwa, rinopikisa haana mukana. "Defense" akasika pasocial sangano iri March 2005, wechiduku mamiriro webato "Yabloko" uye SPS. Mumwe vatungamiriri ayo aiva Ilya Yashin.

Muzhizha 2005, Garry Kasparov akava musoro rekuUnited sangano - the United Civil Front. Mugore iroro rokutanga "March Kupikisa" yakatangwa nevanhu vemunharaunda iyi - mumugwagwa kutsutsumwa chiito, kuti kushandura hurumende enyika. Nokuti chiitiko ichi, vakabatana nemamwe masangano nokushorwa. "Anofamba pamusoro Kupikisa" inoitwa nguva dzose kubva 2005 kusvika 2009. Vava huru mhando kutaura nzvimbo vavengi nehurumende ano.

kuedza kubatanidza

Muna 2006, vamiririri vasiri hurongwa kushorwa haana kuedza kubatanidza kupinda rimwe sangano, izvo zvaizoita batanidza zviito zvavo zvakafanana. Kuti kusabatana chaiva chikonzero chikuru kuti kukundikana kupikiswa enyika. Zvisinei, vakapiwa ayo unzenza, hazvishamisi. The Kuwadzana itsva yave kunzi "The Other Russia". Raisanganisira zvakadai kushora Masangano akaita UCF, National Bolsheviks, "Defense", "Working Russia", AKM, "Change". Ndiyo "Other Russia" kwakarongeka vagari nezviito mauto aipikisa uye kunhaka ari "March Kupikisa".

Zvisinei, kana panguva okutsutsumwa zvesangano akakwanisa kusika gobvu, kurwa kuti mavhoti, mapato anomirira kupikiswa dzisiri systemic, akaramba kutamba. Maererano migumisiro kusarudzwa 2007 reparamende, ivo zvakare urege kuwa kuHurumende Duma. Muna 2008 musarudzo wenyika haana chimwe mumiririri asiri hurongwa kupikiswa: Garry Kasparov uye Mikhail Kasyanov chakarambwa kunyoresa musi nhandare vasiri zvaidiwa maitirwo ezvinhu, uye Boris Nemtsov akaenda pachake. Zvakasiyana nheyo mapoka kupikiswa Pfungwa akafanosarudza pokuwa "Zvimwe Russia". The mubatanidzwa akanga zvazvichanyungudutswa 2010, uye zvizivikanwe pacharo rave richishandiswa bato akasika Eduard Limonov.

Kubva pokuwa "Other Russia" kuna Swamp

Kubva 2010 vakatanga Danho idzva munhoroondo kupikiswa dzisiri systemic. Kubvira musi iye akaputsa zvakare kumusoro, kunyange kupfuura kamwe sangano akaedza kuti abatane. Panguva iyi, ruzhinji rava yakakurumbira blogger Alexei Navalny, uyo akanga kare nhengo yebato "Yabloko". Fame iye vaiwana nyaya yake, izvo zvine neuwori kukoshesa. Panguva iyoyo pasi pamberi Bapiro rinopikisa sangano yakabuda nemumiriri Violetta Volkova. In iyi vakanga zvikuru evanhu zviitiko zvakadai kushorwa se "Zuva Yokutsamwa", "Strategy-31", "Putin anofanira kuenda", "March Mamiriyoni" uye vamwe.

Mukuru akapindura rwakabata "March Mamiriyoni" muMoscow muna May 2012, yakanga yakarongwa kuti iitike rienderane nesananguro President Vladimir Putin kuti Russia. Action kusabatana yokushorwa vamiririri kamwe zvakare rwakaita basa rinokosha. Part nevatungamiriri akatungamirira Vatsigiri vavo marshy munharaunda. Makanga simba crackdown nokuda Vezvemitemo. Kunoteverwa vakawanda detentions kuti vatsigiri.

The ezvinhu aripo

Pane kuramba zvinoitwa kuwedzera kukurumbira pakati yevagari kuderera masangano anomirira kupikiswa non-systemic. Dzimwe zvinoitika kubuda pemitongo sangano, vose pamisangano, sezvo yechimurenga Ukraine. Asi zviito yakadaro nguva dziri kure uye unsystematic hunhu. Kunyange kupondwa mumwe vatungamiri sangano - Boris Nemtsov - haana kuita kuti vakawanda zviito.

Vamwe vamiririri asiri hurongwa kushorwa zvino vakatama kwose. Somuenzaniso, Garry Kasparov. Pakati asiri systemic kupikiswa enyika mauto zvino tichienzanisa yapfuura nguva, izvozvo vakawana simba zvikuru bato Mikhail Kasyanov akadana Parnassus.

political mauto

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, masangano ari kupikiswa dzisiri systemic nhengo, vane akasiyana chaizvo pfungwa maonero. Kutaura zvazviri, vanobatana chete hurumende ano yeRussia. Vasiri hurongwa kushorwa vari liberals ( "Apple", Parnas, vaimbova PCA), kuti Socialist (AKM, "Working Russia"), vezvourudzi (NBP), uye vamwe.

vatungamiriri

A rinokosha pakuita sangano reDare vatungamiri kushorwa dzisiri systemic. Ngatitaurei pamusoro pavo zvizere. Mumwe dzepamusorosoro mutungamiri ndiye Boris Nemtsov. Kare, aiva nzvimbo mubati Nizhny Novgorod nharaunda, uye pasi Boris Yeltsin, akanga kwekanguva, kunyange musoro wehurumende. Asi pashure kuuya nesimba Vladimira Putina akaenda vakafa nokushorwa. Kubvira muna 1999, akatungamirira achishandisa SPS bato. Kusvikira 2003, aiva mutungamiriri eponymous webato iri Duma. Muna 2008, pashure pokufa Union Ezvakanaka Forces, akatanga kugadzwa "kubatana" kufamba. Gare gare, akanga mumwe havaoni webato "RPR-Parnassus". Vakaurayiwa February 2015.

Chimwe mumiririri kupikiswa dzisiri systemic, kare akashanyira simba riri Mikhail Kasyanov. Mukutanga 2000s akanga musoro hurumende yeRussia. Ipapo yakatamira kushorwa. Ndiye mutungamiri webato Parnas.

For akakurumbira kushorwa Nhamba vanosanganisira Violetta Volkova. By basa iye ari gweta, saka kuti huru kuita vakaomerera Advocacy. Yepamusoro kwayakaita vakawira 2011-2012.

Alexei Navalny - inozivikanwa blogger vanotsoropodza hurumende uye rokuratidzwa uori zvirongwa. Akanga aimbova nhengo yebato "Yabloko", asi zvino kunze nawo. Pasinei chokwadi kuti Navalny chinhu takasununguka achitsoropodza uori ari muhurumende, akatongerwa kuti embezzlement pfuma akapiwa munhu akarembedzwa mutongo. Zvisinei, kushorwa nhengo vanodavira kuti nyaya yakanga akagadzira.

Garry Kasparov - the kunozivikanwa nyika wechesi shasha, ari kutora Zvinoshingaira mubasa ndichiitawo masangano. Kushingaira kunyanya - pashure 2005. Aiva mukuru initiator pamusoro kwebasa FMG, uyewo "March Kupikisa". Pari, akabva Russia.

Public pfungwa

Munzanga pane nani zvakawanda mafungiro pamusoro asiri hurongwa kushorwa vatungamiriri. mukurumbira wavo ari kudzikira, uye padanho nokutsigira zviremera - iri kukura. Kunyange vamwe vanhu vari kugutsikana zvakaitwa nehurumende ano, vanotenda kuti hapana vatungamiriri vanogona kutungamirira nyika norukudzo munyika isiri mugadziriro kushorwa. Public kuchema akaita mashoko akati mumusoro muBosnia, muChechnya, Ramzan Kadyrov, mumwe kupikiswa asiri hurongwa. Ivo kutepfenyurwa zhinji TV makwara. Akati kuti kushorwa vatungamiri vari kuedza kuwana kubwinya kutsoropodzwa purezidhendi weRussia uye akaoma ezvoupfumi ezvinhu munyika, vari okupandukira. Nokuti ichi vanofanira kutongwa maererano nomutemo. Kuti akati Kadyrov pamusoro asiri hurongwa kushorwa, zvinoratidza maonero hombe chikamu vemo.

Panguva iyoyo zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti pane mumwe chidimbu munzanga, izvo rinonyatsotsigirawo zvaiitwa yevatungamiriri mauto aipikisa.

tarisiro

Future asiri hurongwa kushorwa nani kujeka. rutsigiro wake pakati vavhoti kuwedzera anowa. Mikana kuti vamiririri kushorwa achakwanisa kupinda reparamende, pedyo razero. The kusabatana nezvokupikiswa pakati masangano munhu rakanyatsojeka simba, uye mibatanidzwa - ezvinhu. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvakawanda hurumende yeRussia zvinoenderana sei zvikuru achava simba ratidziro kumunetsawo munzanga. Kusimudzira mupenyu anokwanisa zvakatowanda kuderedza basa nokushorwa.