Northern Renaissance aro unhu

Shoko rokuti "Renaissance» ( «rinascita») ndezvevanhu unyanzvi wenhau Dzhordzho Vazari. Gare gare, shoko rokwidzwa neDare French uye tinoshandurirwa Renaissance (Renaissance) - saka anonziwo nguva. The nguva puranga zvakaoma kusarudza: zvinonzi aidavira kuti Akatanga denda guru 1347 uye hwakaguma veMubatanidzwa Itsva Age, wokutanga Bourgeois chimurenga. Chii chakava panguva iyi? Vasari akafunga kuti mudzimu wouchenjeri yekare vazivi vechiGiriki uye tsika Roman. Zvose izvi yatumbuka muna muItari "mazera rima" - saka vaimudana wenhoroondo munguva yeMiddle Ages. Transalpine kana Northern Renaissance akauya zvikuru gare gare Italian, uye ane yayo yokusafa nyaya naye chete.

To kuchamhembe Alps Western uye Central Europe kwenguva refu mutsika anotonga Gothic, iyo yakasvika Parainge ari XIV remakore ( "Flamboyant Gothic"). Zvisinei, pakupera kwezana XIV uye XV emakore muna Burgundy, vari kutanga kubuda Painters uye vavezi vemabwe kuti kubva canons ari rakanatswa Gothic. Izvi anonyanya Limbourg Brothers uye muvezi K.Slyuter. Nepo Duchy pamusoro Burgundy kunopfuura pakungova ino dunhu French uye akafukidza Belgium uye Netherlands. Hazvishamisi kuti Northern Renaissance kwaisava kuoneka munyika idzodzo.

Kana pakutanga Italian Renaissance yakanga yakabatana kuwa Constantinople uye kusvika muItaly hombe nhamba yevapoteri kubva Byzantine Empire, vaitakura navo rechiGiriki tsika, nyika umo remakore gare gare rakasvika Northern Renaissance - Netherlands, Germany, France, England uye dzimwe refu inotarisirwa riri Ages maonero. Kana akaita anthropocentrism, iri kuchamhembe Alps kuItaly, muuzivi pavazhinjisa - pantheism.

Pantheism yokuti Mwari ari diffused zvakasikwa, asi nokuti nzvimbo akafanira huchipfuurira. pamusoro kanivhasi sezvo outsvene. The Italian Renaissance idealized hunhu, zvakananga kunyimwa musoro akadzama uye kazhinji ndipiyona colour kuti mufananidzo. Northern Renaissance, vachitsvaka akakunda mhando chaiye, pave yakazvimirira Genre kuti kupenda - nzvimbo. Kunyanya kuitika uku ziso hwemashiripiti kaiva pasi bhurasho vemifananidzo German A. Dürer, Lucas Cranach A. Altdorfer, Zh.Fuke wokuFrance, Dutchman J. Patinir.

Portrait - mumwe Genre apo vakawanda zvakajeka akaratidza Northern Renaissance. Artists H. Holbein Jr. uye Dürer muGermany, Rogier Van Der Weyden uye Jan Van Eyck muna Niderdandah, J. uye F. Clouet Clouet, Jean Fouquet muFrance vari kuedza kuratidza haisi kunaka chiso mumuviri, asi zvepfungwa ari munhu anofananidzirwa pamusoro kanivhasi, kuzadzisa expressiveness chaizvo nomufananidzo. Zvichitevera Ages aesthetics kuti "kuipa", mwene zvokufananidzira dzinowanzotaura chii rakapfuura vakawanda Ieronim Boskh.

Genre Second kuti nokuda kwounyanzvi Northern Renaissance, ichi zvezuva nezuva mifananidzo. KuItaly, chikuru mutengi ounyanzvi akaita Church, izvo vaida kuona mifananidzo zvebhaibheri mifananidzo. MuNetherlands, vakawanda vakakurumbira yezvematongetwo ari bourgeoisie kirasi anotora pamusoro Baton: mushambadzi guilds uye raanoziva zvitoro vakatengwa vachibva vemifananidzo Portraits dzavo pamusoro colour kubva chizvarwa guta rake, iyo, pamwe kuwedzera kwenzvimbo, pave Genre mifananidzo. Kudeuka tenzi Genre mifananidzo - Pieter Bruegel Mukuru, anonziwo "murimi mudiki", nokuti iye aifarira kudhirowa mifananidzo murimi mudiki upenyu. Nokuti iye nevamwe "duku Dutch" kunoratidzwa inoshamisa virtuosity uye kwazvo prorisovyvanie akadzama.