Nzira yekuunza kune mutoro wekutarisira. Mutemo wekukanganiswa kweMutoro wekutungamirira

Nyaya yezvakaipa zvekutungamirira uye mutoro wavo kune zvakakosha, kwete chete maererano nekushanda kune avo vemutemo uye vakuru, asiwo kune vagari vese. Zvinokwana kupa muenzaniso wekuti munhu anenge ari oga iye zvino ane motokari, uye chaizvoizvo chikamu chikuru chekutonga kwemahofisi chinosanganisira kunyatsoteerera mitemo yemigwagwa mumugwagwa.

Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero nei munhu achifanira kutarisa kumubvunzo weiyo mutoro wekutungamirira uye zvipi zvimhosva zvinotarisirwa kuputsa zvigadziro zveMitemo Yekutonga KwekuRussia Federation. Sezvaunoziva, kusaziva mutemo hakusi chikonzero. Mutungamiri wehurumende nehutungamiri ndizvo zvatinotarisana nazvo mazuva ose. Kunyanya kukoshesa kunofanira kubhadharwa kune pfungwa yakadaro sokuderera kwehutungamiri mutoro, nguva inogara ichiita basa rinokosha, uye dzimwe nguva rinokosha, basa.

Iko pfungwa yekutungamirira kwehutungamiri uye nhengo dzayo huru

Asati ataura pamusoro pemitemo yekutonga, chirango uye zvimwe zvikanganiso, zvakakosha kunzwisisa chinonyanya kukosha kwekutungamirira. Icho chinosanganisira mukuti miviri kana vatungamiri vanoshandisa chirango chekutonga kune munhu akaita mhosva yacho. Iine unhu hunofanirwa nemitemo yepamutemo. Asi, kuwedzera, ine zvakananga, zvikamu zvinokosha:

1. Nzira yekuunza kuhutungamiri hwehutungamiri, sekutonga, ndeyekuti chikamu chikuru chekusarura muzvisikwa, ndiko kuti, chirango chinogadzwa nevanhu vane mahofisi mumatunhu ematunhu evakuru vakuru veRussian Federation.
2. Kurangwa kwevatadzi kunosarudzwa nevatungamiriri, vanobva kwavari vasiri pasi. Uyu ndiwo musiyano pakati pekutungamira nekuraira mutoro. Kubvira panguva yekupedzisira, mutongi, semitemo, ari kurongeka zvakananga kune mukuru wehurumende, uyo anopa miitiro yekuunganidza.
3. Kukwezva kune mutoro wekutungamirira hausi kutungamirira kumhosva yezvakaipa kune munhu akasarudza pane zvakaipa.
4. Chinhu chinokosha ndechokuti havasi vanhu venyama chete, asiwo masangano epamutemo anogona kukwezva.
5. Kukwezva kune mutoro wekutarisira kunoitika nokuda kwezviito zvisina ngozi sekupara kwemhosva. Semuenzaniso, zvitadzo zvinopinda mumagariro ehutano epidemiological maererano nehupenyu hwehuwandu hwevanhu uye hutano hwavo, uyewo mumunda wekuchengeteka kwemugwagwa mumugwagwa, mukuvaka, nezvimwewo. Nemhaka yeizvi, chirango chacho hachina simba kudarika mhosva yepamhosva.
6. Inosimbisa mutungamiri wekutonga kweHurumende yeMutemo yeRussian Federation uye Federal federal yezvidzidzo zveRussian Federation, izvo zvinogamuchirwa maererano nezvayo.

Kupandukira Kutungamirira: Chii ichocho?

Kutadza kwehutungamiri uye mutoro wehutungamiri kune mazano maviri akafanana. Yokutanga inogara iri chikonzero chechipiri uye inosanganisira kukanganisa kwayo. Muzvinyorwa zvezvesayenzi, mhosva yehutungamiri inotsanangurwa sechiito (kutadza kusagadzikana) kwemasangano epamutemo uye vanhu vanobvumirwa nemutemo uye iyo Mutemo weZvibvumirano Zvokutungamirirwa zveRussia Federation kana mitemo inogamuchirwa nevatongi vayo inosimbisa mutoro wekutungamirira.

Sezvaunoziva, chiito nekusaita ndezvemativi maviri echiito chisina kunaka. Yokutanga inonzwisiswa sekushingaira, kutyora kwekuziva kwechimiro chakagadzwa kana kukundikana kuzadzisa chero zvakasungirwa zvakatemwa mumutemo weRussian Federation. Kuita zvinoreva kusabatanidzwa, kukundikana kuzadzisa mitemo yakagadzirirwa munhu wacho.

Semuenzaniso, mamiriro anotevera: sangano kana muzvinabhizimisi mumwechete anotanga nhoroondo nebhangi. Asi haasi kupa chiremba chekunyora nemutero wekutsvaga. Iko kupesana kwemutemo nemukuru webhangi, sezvinoratidzwa munyaya dzeMitemo yeZvipupuriro zveRussia Federation (15.7).

Zviratidzo zvisiri pamutemo kutonga

Inowanzogamuchirwa kuti isiyanise zvinhu zvitatu:

• Kukanganisa kwechiito, icho chinoreva kusungirirwa kwepamutemo kweupi mutemo wemutemo;
• Kuve nekodzero, chiratidzo ichi chinoreva chinangwa kana kusaregerera mukutonga kwechiito chisina kunaka; Muchiitiko chekutanga, munhu anonzwisisa uye anonzwisisa maitiro ezviito zvake zvinopesana nemutemo uye anofanoona kuitika kwemigumisiro inokuvadza uye inoshuva izvi kana kuti anozvibvuma, kana kuti zvinoreva kune zviri kuitika zvisina kufanira (somuenzaniso, kutyaira mutyairi kumwenje mutsvuku); Mukana wekuregeredza mumwe munhu anoziva kuvepo kwemigumisiro ine ngozi mune zvemagariro, asi iye nai naively uye achizvikudza achiverenga mukudzivirira kwavo; Chinangwa chinogona kuve chakananga kana chisina kujeka, muenzaniso wekutanga pane wekutanga ndeye kushandisa zvisina kunaka mari kubva kubhadharo;
• Chirango chechiito chacho ndechekuti mutariri wehutungamiri hunopiwa uye hunosimbiswa nemitemo yezvidzidzo zveRussia kana kuti Administrative Code nokuda kwechiito chepamutemo chakaitwa.

Kuumbwa kwemhosva yekutungamirira

Izwi iri rinoreva chimiro chezviratidzo, kuvapo kwechimwe chinhu chinoratidzira chimwe chiito senzira yekutungamirira. Uye mutoro wehutungamiri waro unopiwa neR Code of Administrative Offenses yeRussian Federation. Zvimwe zvakafanana zvehutano hunogadzira zvinhu zvayo. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

1. Chinhu chacho nguva dzose hukama hwemagariro evanhu, hunongorongedzerwa chete nemitemo yemutemo, kwete kungotungamira, asiwo yezvakatipoteredza, zvemari, mutero, basa, nyika nemamwe mashizha, mutoro wekutungamirira ndeyekuputsa kwavo.
2. Chikamu chechinangwa chinoratidzwa muhurongwa hwezviratidzo zvinopiwa nemitemo yemutemo, iyo inogadzirisa kuonekwa kwekunze kwemhosva (chiito kana kusagadzikana uye migumisiro ine ngozi yakaitika). Somuenzaniso, kutyaira kwevatyairi mitemo yemigwagwa kunogona kuratidzirwa mumabasa akasiyana-siyana: kukurumidza, kudarika, kuenda kunorambidza chiedza chitsvuku. Panguva imwecheteyo, pangave nemigumisiro inotyisa kumagariro evanhu, somuenzaniso, kuumbwa kwenjodzi mumugwagwa, njodzi yemugwagwa, kutyisidzira kune vamwe vatyairi.
3. Imwe nyaya ndeyomutemo kana munhu wepanyama uyo anongororwa mupfungwa uye asvika makore gumi nematanhatu. Icho chinobva muzera iri apo munhu anogona kuendeswa kumutoro wehutungamiri. Nyaya yacho inogona kuva yakakwana (chero munhu upi zvake) kana yakakosha, somuenzaniso, mutyairi, vakuru vakuru uye vasanangudzo - varwi. Kune zvikamu zvakasiyana zvechikamu chino chechikanganiso, zvinogona kunge zvakasiyana nezvisungo zvechikamu ichochete cheMitemo yeZvipupuriro Zvekutonga kweRussia Federation. Mamiriro ehurumende nevashandi ndiwo muenzaniso wakananga, mumatambudziko akawanda haasi kutungamirira mumutungamiri pane zvikonzero zvakawanda.
4. Rutsigiro rwekudzivirira runofananidzira maonero nemunhu wekukanganisa kwakaitwa naye uye nemigumisiro yaro. Chimwe chinhu chinogamuchirwa chechikamu ichi chekugadzirwa ndiko kuvapo kwekutadza, izvo zvinogona kuva nenzira yechinangwa kana kuburikidza nekuregeredza. Kusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana kwekutadza kwehutungamiri kunoratidzwa nezvisarudzo zvehutungamiri hwehutungamiri, izvo zvinosanganisira chinangwa uye chinangwa. Izwi rekutanga rinoreva zvinokonzera munhu kuti aite mhosva. Uye chinangwa ndicho chirevo chake chekupedzisira chikonzero chaidiwa, chaaida.

Zvinhu zvekushandiswa kwechiito chisina kutenderwa zvakafanana zvisinei nokuti chii chinotarisirwa (kutungamirira, mhosva) inopiwa.

Pfungwa iyi nemhando dzekutonga

Chirango chokutonga chinonzwisiswa sechiyero chemhosva, iyo inogadzwa nehurumende, nokuda kwekutonga kwechivi chinorayirirwa muMutemo weZvipupuriro Zvekutonga kweRussia Federation uye yakashandiswa kudzivisa mutemo wekuputsa kwetsva.

Parizvino Mutemo weZvipupuriro Zvekutonga zveRussia Federation inobvumira marudzi akadaro ekuranga se:

• Nyevero, mune mamwe mazwi, kurangwa kwepamutemo kwakabudiswa nekunyora;
• Mutungamiri wakanaka (iyo inowanikwa yakawanda, iyo inowedzerwa zvikuru nezvikamu zveMitemo yeZvibvumirano Zvokutonga zveRussia Federation uye, sezviitiko zvinoratidza, zvinobudirira kwazvo);
• Kutora (kana kukanganiswa kubviswa) kwechiridzwa kana nyaya yenyaya yacho;
• Kusarudzwa kwekodzero, iyo yakagamuchirwa kune vamwe;
• Kutonga kusungwa;
• Kudzingwa kwemugari wekune imwe nyika kana munhu asina hurumende kunze kweRussian Federation;
• Kukanganiswa;
• Kusimirirwa kwekutonga kwemabasa.

Kusarudzwa kwezvizhinji zvezvikwanganiso zvakarongwa ndeye hutongi hwakakwana hwevatongi.

Kukwegura kwekuunza kune mutoro wehutungamiri

Iyi nyaya inopa mitemo yemhuri, iyo inotaura nezvekugadziriswa kwechigadziriswa pamhosva dzekutonga mhosva, iyo nguva isingapfuuri mwedzi miviri, kuverenga kubva panguva iyo yaitwa, inopiwa. Iyi ndiyo nzira yakawanda yekuunza kuhutungamiri mutoro. Asi, sezvinozivikanwa, mutemo wose unenge usina, ivo vose vakanyorwa muHurumende yeChishanu yeRussian Federation, chikamu chokutanga cheChitsauko 4.5. Semuenzaniso, uku kukanganisa kwemutemo wekodzero uye kodzero dzakabatana, mukati memvura yegungwa mukati, pane imwe nzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika uye vamwe, kuregererwa kwekuunza kutarisirwa kwevatariri kune gore rimwechete.

MuMitemo yeZvipupuriro Zvokutonga zveRussia Federation imwe chete yenyaya inobvumirwa, apo izwi iri rinogona kumiswa. Iyi ndiyo mamiriro ezvinhu kana munhu anenge ari kutongwa achiendesa chikumbiro (mukunyora) pamusoro pekuongorora nyaya yacho zvakananga panzvimbo yaanogara uye miviri yakagamuchirwa inomugutsa. Izwi rinomiswa kubva panguva iyo chisarudzo chekugutsikana kwechikumbiro uye kusvikira nguva yekugamuchira zvinhu pamhosva yekatongi, mukuru wehurumende anokwanisa kubvunzurudza zvinhu izvi zvakaitwa. Nokudaro, nguva yekutumira zvinyorwa haisi mutemo wekutarisira mutoro

Kuregererwa kubva pamabasa ekutungamirira

Izvi zvinogona kuitika mumatatu matatu:

1. Kukosha kwechiito chacho ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mukubviswa kwekutarisirwa. Kucherechedza kunokweverwa kune zviratidzo zvekuzviisa pasi uye chinangwa chechikamu, kuderedza uye kuwedzera mamiriro ezvinhu. Iyi nyaya yakasarudzwa nevakuru vakuru, mutongi kana mutongi, uyo ane kodzero yekufungisisa nyaya iyi. Vanogona kupa mhinduro pamuromo, izvo zvisingatauri nemigumisiro yepamutemo.
2. Chechipiri sarudzo ndiyo inotsiviwa neimwe nzira yekuranga, somuenzaniso, mutoro wemhosva.
3. Dzimwe nzvimbo. Kunyanya, kana kukanganisa kunopihwa nemunhu pakati pezera remakore gumi nemitanhatu uye kusvikira panguva yehuwandu, mutemo unokosha unogona kusarudza kusunungurwa kubva kune mutariri wekutungamirira uye kushandisa zvigadziriswa zvinopiwa nehurumende yemutemo kuchengetedza kodzero dzevana vaduku.

Nzira yekuunza kutarisirwa kwehutungamiri: maitiro emitemo

Nyaya yematongerwo emashoko ndeyekukosha uye kukosha. Ziva pamusoro peizvi uye rangarirai vanhu vose, pamwe chete nenguva yekuderedza mutoro wehutungamiri, kunyanya kubva muhupenyu pamwe nenyaya dzeMitemo yeZvipupuriro zveHurumende yeRussia, zvinenge zvese munhu ari kutarisana.

Chinhu chokutanga chaunoda kuziva ndechokuti mukati memazuva matatu, purogiramu yakatangwa pamusoro pekutungamira kwekuita mhosva inofanirwa kuendeswa kumunhu kana miviri yakagamuchirwa kuifunga, sezvinotaurwa muHurumende yeKurumende yeRussian Federation (unyanzvi 28.8). Kana pane zvikanganiso zvinowanikwa mazviri, nguva inenge isingapfuuri maawa 72 inopiwa kuti iparadzwe.

Mushure mokufungisisa nyaya yacho, chisarudzo chinoitwa. Mitemo yakagamuchirwa inopiwa nguva yemwedzi miviri, mutongi - kusvikira pamwedzi mitatu. Mutemo unoziviswa pakarepo.

Anomanikidzwa kutumirwa kune munhu akanyora purogiramu yacho, kwete mushure memazuva matatu kubvira musi wechisarudzo.

Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti chisarudzo chekumisa chirango chekutonga hachina kuurawa kana chisina kuitwa mukati memakore maviri.

Kudemba kunopesana nechisarudzo chekutonga mhosva

Kazhinji kacho, kunyanya munhau dzine chokuita nemigwagwa uye mitemo yekuputsa kwayo, dare remhosva richakumbira. Kana ichitapudzwa nemutongi, ipapo kunetseka kunofanira kunyorwa kudare repamusoro. Inoratidza data yakakwana (zita rakakwana, kero yekunyora uye yekugara chaiyo, nhamba yefoni). Zvadaro, tsanangura mamiriro ezvinhu ikozvino, kutsanangura zvikonzero zvekusabvumirana nechisarudzo nekureva Art. 30.1-30.8 Mutemo weZvipupuriro Zvokutungamirira zvekuRussia chikumbiro kuti chikwanise kubviswa. Kunyunyuta kunofanirwa kuendeswa nehupupuriro hunotsigira mamiriro ose akarehwa. Zuva rakapera mazuva gumi. Kana zvisipo, saka, kana pane zvikonzero zvakanaka (kurwara, zvakaoma mamiriro ezvinhu ehupenyu), nyora chikumbiro chekudzorerwa kwayo. Kunyunyuta kunofanira kuonekwa mukati memazuva gumi.

Masangano epamutemo uye vanhu vane hurumende yepamusoro: kuunza kuhutungamiri

Nzira yekuunza kutarisirwa kwehutungamiri inotungamirirwa neMutemo weZvipupuriro Zvokutonga zveRussian Federation, mitemo iyo inoita nhamba inokosha zvikuru yezvakaipa uye mutoro webato ravo, iyo inopiwa kune masangano epamutemo. Mumathematical expression iyi nhamba ndeye 58% maererano nenhamba yose yezvinyorwa muChechi Chinokosha cheMutemo weKutonga. Kukwezva kune mutoro wehutungamiri kunogona kusanganisira kuiswa kwechirango chinogona kuwana mari inofadza, kutora zvombo, izvo zvakapara mhosva, kumiswa kwemazuva makumi mapfumbamwe emabasa. Sangano Rokutonga reRussian Federation rinotaura kuti sangano rezvemitemo richawanikwa rine mhosva yekuita mhosva yekutonga kana yakasimbiswa kuti yakave nemukana wekuteerera mitemo nemitemo yakagadzwa nemutemo, asi zviyero zvose, zvichienderana nazvo, hazvina kutorwa kuti zviite zvadzo uye zviite maererano nazvo.

Mukuwedzera, iyo mitemo yakasiyana yakaratidza mutungamiri wehutungamiri hwevakuru vakuru, avo vanobatanidzwa vanoitwa munyaya yekukanganisa maererano nekutadza kushanda kana kungorega kushanda kwemabasa ehurumende. Vakuru vehurumende ndivo vanhu vanobvumirwa nehurumende kuti vashandise basa revamiriri vehurumende (zvachose kana kwechinguva). Kwavari, maererano nemitemo, vagari vanoita basa rezvemabhizimisi, asi vasingabhadharwi sehurumende yepamutemo. Kutyorwa kwehutungamiri uye kutarisirwa kwehutungamiri hwevakuru vakuru vanopiwa zvikamu zvinopfuura 2/3 zvezvinyorwa zveMitemo yeZvipupuriro zveRussian Federation (Special Part).