Art. 159 H. 4: Kunyengera. The Penal Code

Mutemo wenyika yeRussia unochinja nguva dzose. Izvi zvakakosha kuitira kuti kuve nekugadzirisa zvakakwana, kuongororwa kwakajeka kwematambudziko maererano nemitemo yepamutemo, kuenzana uye vanhu.

Muna 2012, zvakawanda zvakagadziriswa zvichishandurwa, kunyanya nenyaya yeChitsauko 159. Kare, urongwa uhwu hwakaranga ufeve chero ipi zvayo. Iyi mhombwe yakagadzira boka rezviitiko zvakabatana nekunyengera uye kushungurudzwa kwekuvimba.

Kunyengera, pasinei nemafomu, zvinoreva pasi pemunhu anenge ane mhosva achiedza kuedza hukama hwakanaka, hwakavimbika nemunhu anenge atambudzwa, angave munhu kana sangano. Mukuwedzera, mutadzi wacho haasi kungoita kuti ataure naye, asi anoita zviito zvinogadzirisa izvo zvichaita kuti munhu anenge achinetseka anzwisise kuti mutadzi ane unhu hwakanaka chete, kunyange izvi zvisiri zvechokwadi.

Somugumisiro weurongwa hwakajeka, mutambudzi, kuburikidza nechokwadi chokuti uyo akatambudzwa anovimba naye, anogona kuona chinangwa chake chemhosva.

Pamberi pezvigadziriswa, pane nyaya 159, kubatanidza zvikamu zvose, pasina kusiyanisa nezvezvinhu zvinopomerwa mhosva, zvakadai se:

- vanhu;

- sangano rezvikwereti zvekwereti;

- masangano ehurumende anobhadhara zvikwereti uye anopa zvipo nevamwe.

Nezvekupedzisira zvivako zviviri, unyengeri huri kugovera ruzivo rwakashata kana magwaro akaumbwa kuti awane mari.

Amendments

MunaNovember 2012, chinyorwa 159 chachinja zvikuru. Kugadziriswa uye kuwedzerwa kwakabatana nechokuti hazvibviri kuisa mhaka dzakabatana nevanhu uye mhosva dzinopesana nemasangano, uyewo munharaunda yepamusoro-soro.

Zvigadzirwa 159.1 kusvika ku159.6 zvakawedzerwa munyaya ino. Iye zvino chinhu chimwe nechimwe chinopiwa chikamu chacho, uye mhosva dzinopesana nezvinhu izvi dzine zvimwe zvigadziro.

Izvi zvigadziriswa zvakare pane zvitsanangudzo zvekuwanda uye kunyanya kuwanda kwekubiridzira (kunze kweChitsauko 159). Kana isati yave inenge yehuwandu hwemazana makumi maviri euru rubles. Uye mamiriyoni 1 rubles. Nokuremekedza, iye zvino vane 1 uye 6 mamiriyoni ebruki.

Izvo zviyero zvinowanzoitika pane imwe nzvimbo, zvakasiyana, semuenzaniso, kubva kune mhosva dzakadai sechinhu chinonyengera chikuru (Chitsauko 159 chikamu 4) chakaitwa nemumwe munhuwo zvake.

Mukuwedzera, kutangwa kwemhosva iri pasi pezvinyorwa 159 - 159.6 zvinongogoneka chete kana pane kushandiswa kwemunhu mumwe chete. Mitemo yekutonga mitemo haina kodzero, pasina, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvayo, kuisa mhosva dzekuita zvekubiridzira. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti bhizinesi mubhizimisi rave richigadzirwa. Vadzidzisi vanogona kunge vari makwikwi, kana mapurisa ane dzimwe nhoroondo dzevanhu nemabhizimisi. Kunyange kana chokwadi chekubiridzira, kureva, kubatwa neunyengeri hwezvinhu zvinoendeswa kana kuti zvisingatauriki, zvinooneka, chirevo chinodiwa kuti utange nyaya.

Kunyengera mubhizinesi

Zvinonyanya kuoma pakujekesa uye kuzarura ndechekupa mhosva pasi pechinyorwa 159.4, zvimwe zviito zvisiri pamutemo mubasa rekushambadzira. Pakati pezvisungo zvepamutemo kana IP zvinogona kuva nehukama humwe, hunonyanya kuenderana nemunda wemari kana kutengesa. Somuenzaniso, sangano rimwe rakabhadhara kune imwe kutengesa zvinhu. Akagamuchira mari yacho nemaune haana kupa zvigadzirwa uye haana kuronga kuzviita.

Kana chiitiko chekuti mhosva yevasungiridzi inopupurirwa, dare rinogona kuisa mukana wepamusoro kune rimwe remamiriyoni rimwe nehafu rubles, basa rekumanikidzwa kana kuiswa mujeri kwemakore mashanu nemiganhu yaro (kana pasina iyo) panguva imwecheteyo.

Muna 2014, izvi zvinoreva, makore maviri mushure mekugadzirisa chitsauko chechipiri cheCriminal Code, Dare reMitemo reMitemo rakapa mutongo wekugadzirisa zviyeuchidzo pane zvinyorwa 159-159.6 kugadzirisa nyaya yekuenzanisa chirango.

Kushandiswa kwemutemo

Dare rakaratidza kuti kurangwa mumunda wekushambadzidzira kunoita kuti zvikwanise kukodzera chiito ichi sechikafu. Zvisarudzo zvehutano hwemhando iyi dzakatoti zvataurwa mumifananidzo. 159 chikamu 4, uye mutongi haana kudikanwa kuti azviparadzanise muzvinyorwa zvakasiyana pamusoro pekusagadzikana pakati pevarimi vebhizimisi. Mukuwedzera, apo nyaya ino yakaonekwa, pakanga pasina kuwirirana. Kunyanya, pamusoro pechinhu ichi: kana mumwe wemapato ari munhu, zvakakosha here kutaura kuti mhosva yacho inowanzoitika?

Pakutanga, nyaya ino yaifanira kugadzirisa nyaya yekutonga mhosva dzemhosva kune vadzidzisi vasina zvikonzero zvakakwana. Zvisinei, urongwa uhwu hwakawanzoshandiswa, mumatare akawanda mhaka dzaisarudzwa pasi peArt. 159, Chikamu 4 cheCriminal Code yeRussian Federation, apo zvirevo zvezviito izvi zvatove zvagara zvafanotaurwa.

Somugumisiro, kuwanikwa kwezvikamu 151 - 159.6 hazvina kuita nyore, asi zvakaoma basa rezvikwata zvekutonga. Somuenzaniso, maererano neArt. 159.1, kune mhosva yakadai sekunyengedza mune zvemari. Kusvika iye zvino, zvikwereti zvinogona kuwanika kwete mumabhandi makuru, asiwo mumasangano emarikimari, iyo ndeimwe yemhando yekuita basa rebhizimisi. Muchiitiko chekuti chiito chakaitwa munharaunda yemari, mubvunzo unomuka: "Ndeipi nyaya inofanira kupomerwa mhosva iyi - 159.1, 159.4 kana kuti Chikamu 4 cheChitsauko 159?"

Chiito chematare ehurumende chinoratidza kuti kukodzera kunobva pane chimwe chinhu uye chikonzero chemhosva.

Kana tikarangarira Chikamu che159.4 sechikonzero chakakosha pamhosva yepamutemo mune bhizinesi, ipapo mutongi anofanira kutaura kuti mapato ari munyaya iyi ndeye masangano edzimhosva, IP kana hurumende. Kune mamwe marudzi emhando dzekubiridzira pane zvinyorwa 159 - 159.6.

Mukuwedzera, inofanira kuyeukwa kuti mhosva dzose dzine nguva yekudzivirira, mushure mokunge munhu wacho haachazovi nemhosva yezviito zvaakaita.

MuArt. 159, mune chikamu chokutanga, chiito chekuvhenekera kwakanyanya kunowanikwa, sezvo nguva yekuiswa mujeri chaiyo isiri makore matatu. Nokudaro, nguva yekuderera munyaya iyi i2 makore.

Nekuremekedza chikamu chechipiri, nguva yekudzivirira ichava makore matanhatu, sezvo muchirevo ichi chiito chekuvharidzirwa kwemagetsi chinoratidzwa.

Mune chikamu chechitatu uye chechina chikamu cheChitsauko 159, zviito zvakakomba zvinorayirwa, mutemo wekukanganisa uko Chitsauko 15 cheCriminal Code yeRussian Federation chakasarudzwa kwemakore 10.

Kudzokorora kwechirevo

Nezvekushandiswa kwezvinovandudzwa zveCriminal Code, avo vakambowana pasi peChikamu 4 cheArt. 159 yeCriminal Code yeRussia Federation, izwi rechirango chairo nokuda kwechiito chebumbiro mumabhizimisi soro (kureva, kusvika munaNovember 2012), yakabudiswa pasi pekuregererwa kana mhirizhonga yaibhadharwa.

Maererano neChitsauko 10 cheMitemo yeNzira yeCalairo, mutemo unodzokorora. Izvi zvinoreva, kana mutadzi wacho atova kushanda mutongo nokuda kwechinyorwa, asi mushure mekunge dzimwe nguva zvirango zvichishandurwa kuti zvive zvishoma, munhu ane mhosva ane kodzero yekukumbira dare reruwa kuti riongorore mutongo.

Nenzira iyi, vasungwa vanopomerwa pasi peunyanzvi. 159, chikamu 4 cheCriminal Code, icho chinopararira kusvika makore gumi emakoloni, inogonawo kugadzirisa kutongerwa kwechirevo kana chiito chakaitwa chiine zviratidzo zvose zvezviito zvisiri pamutemo mubazi rebhizimisi.

Nezvekuregererwa kwechikamu 159.4, mhosva dzinotaridzwa maererano nemitemo yakawanda. Muitiko apo mutambudziri achiri kushumira mutongo, uye pasi pekushandiswa kwebasa, Chikamu 4 cheArt. 159 izwi rinowanikwa mune zvakawanda, mutongo hauna kuongororwa, sezvo kuora kwechinzvimbo cheanomupomerwa hakugamuchirwi.

Zvisinei, hazvina basa kana munhu wacho akasunungurwa mushure mekushandira nguva yakazara, maererano neDO, kana kuti pane mvumo. Art. 159 chikamu 4 chinopa hutungamiri hwekutarisira, iyo inofanirwa kusimbiswa chero ipi zvayo. Kuregererwa kubva pakurangwa chaiyo maererano nezvimwe zviito zvisingatauri kusvika pakuonekwa kwevanhu vakasunungurwa. Iyo yakaremera mhosva, iyo yakareba nguva ino. Kunyanya kunyengera kukuru (Chirevo che159, chikamu 4), kutarisa kunotevera kunogona kuiswa kwenguva yakareba.

Zviratidzo zvinokodzera

Mukuwedzera kune kukanganisa kunoratidzika, izvo mutongi ari kubvumirana, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti chirango chiri pasi pechinyorwa 159.4, kana mhosva yacho ichiitwa pamwero mukuru kwazvo, ichave yakanyanya kudarika kudarika chiito chimwechete chinorondedzerwa muunyanzvi. 159 ye 4th Criminal Code yeRussian Federation. Munyaya iyi, zvakanga zviri nyore kune vane mhosva kuti varatidze kuti chiito chacho chakaitwa mukuita basa rebhizimisi, panzvimbo yekushandira mutongo pasi pehurukuro yakawanda inopa makore gumi muhurumende yehurumende.

Kusvika iye zvino, kushandiswa kwemashoko 159 "akawandisa" kunonyanya kukosha, sezvo kazhinji vatambudzi vanoedza mari yakakura kana yakanyanya-yakawanda - 250 mamiriyoni nemamiriyoni 1 eruble, maererano nemhando iyi.

Mukuwedzera, tichifunga nezvehutano hwekutengesa mabhizinesi, inenge nguva dzose inokwanisika kutaura nechivimbo kuti mhosva yacho yakaitwa neboka revanhu vane chimwe chimiro.

Mune chimiro cheArt. 159, chikamu 4, chirango chemhosva yakaparwa kakapetwa kakapetwa kaviri pane chimwe chinhu chakafanana muchikamu chechitatu cheChitsauko 159.4. Pamusoro pezvo, mumamiriro ezvinyorwa izvo zvave zvisina kukodzera, chete huwandu hwenyengeri hunoratidzirwa, asi kupa kwechikamu chekupedzisira hakurevi kungova nemari yakawandisa yebavha, asiwo kupambwa kwevanhu vane kodzero dzavo dzeimba.

Iyi nzira inokonzerwa nekuti kunyengera kunowanzoitwa muzvivako zvekugara, uye sezvo mari yeimba inogona kunge isina kudarika yakakura kupfuura yose muCriminal Code, mutongi wevematongerwo enyika akabatanidza unyengeri munzvimbo ino muArt. 159 ye 4th Criminal Code yeRussian Federation.

Kushandisa kwemashoko

Chivi chakaitwa kuburikidza neurongwa hune chokuita nemabasa ehurumende inotaurwa muchikamu chechitatu chechikamu 159. Kugoverwa kwechikamu chevanhu vanoita chero basa mune sangano kana sangano rinobatana nemasimba evanoita mhosva.

Sezvo mutemo, vagari venyika vane nzvimbo yakakwirira, vanoita simba pamusoro pevanhu nekuda kwezvisarudzo zvavo. Ndicho chikonzero, maererano nehuwandu hwevanhu, unyengeri munyaya iyi inopomerwa mhosva yakakura ine chirango chakakodzera.

Kunyengedzera uye kushungurudzwa kwekutenda, sekutonga, kwakagadzirwa mukuti munhu anokwanisa kuvanza nechinangwa chekushaya kwake kwechiremera mubasa rezviito chero chipi zvacho, kunyengedza avo vakaurayiwa mune imwe huru kana zvikurukuru yakawanda. Panguva imwe chete yezvidzidzo pasi peArt. 159, chikamu 3, 4 cheCriminal Code yeRussian Federation, zvakakosha kuti muiti wekutanga aisazozadzisa zvaanosungirwa.

Kana muchokwadi mutemo asina kodzero yekuita chimwe chinhu, asi anotora chirongwa chakagadzirwa kare maererano nesungano yemuromo inoputsa kodzero uye zvinodiwa zvevanhu kana hurumende zvichiguma, nenyaya 201 (kushandiswa kwechiremera) kana nendima 288 (kushanda kwehofisi) .

Zviratidzo zvekubiridzira

Pasinei nokuzara uye kujekesa kwechimiro cheArt. 159 chikamu 4, pamwe chete nedzimwe nhengo dzayo dzose, zvakakosha kusiyanisa nguva dzinoparadzanisa unyengeri kubva kune dzimwe maitiro ekuba.

Kunyanya, kana mhosva yacho yaitwa kune vanhu vasina simba, inonzi inobatwa. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti chidziro pasi peChitsauko 159 chinogona kungoitika chete kana uyo akabatwa achiziva uye achinzwisisa kuti akanga achiendesa chivako kana kodzero yacho kune mumwe wechitatu. Panguva imwecheteyo panofanira kuva nevashandi vakadaro sekunyengera uye kushungurudzwa kwekutenda.

Mukana wekushaya simba kwemunhu, kubba hakugoni kudanwa kunotsanangurwa, sezvo munhu asingazvizivi iye oga, nekuda kwezera kana zvirwere, pane zvaakaita.

Kupedzwa kudarika

Inofanira kunzwisiswa kuti chero mhosva ipi neipi, yepamusoro pekufanirwa, inofanira kuzadzikiswa. Mabasa asina kugadziriswa anotarisirwa pasi pezvimwe zvikamu, kusanganisira sechiedza chekuita mhosva.

Nekubiridzira, inonzi inopedzerwa panguva apo chivako pamusana pehutori ikozvino ndechemhosva, uye anogona kuchirasa.

Izvo zvinoenderana nemari nezvimwe zvinhu uye zvinhu izvo kubhadhara hakuiti. Muchiitiko ichi, pakarepo chinhu ichocho chakanga chiri mumaoko eanokanganisa, mhosva yacho inofungidzirwa yapera. Zvinokosha ndeye chikwata chemutengo chete, iyo ndiyo imwe yezvikonzero pakugadzwa kwechirango.

Nokudaro, pfungwa huru uye zvigadziro zvekubiridzira zvinogona kushamwaridzana nemabasa anoramba achiita bhizinesi, pamwe chete nezviratidzo zvinokodzera zvezvikoro, kunyanya zviitiko pasi pehutano. 159, chikamu 4, mutongo unowanzowirwa kune vashandi vebhizimisi. Ndiko kusaka pasina chikonzero chekuparadzanisa masangano edzimhosva kuva nhengo yakasiyana, sezvo vasina ruzivo maererano nezvakaitwa.

The subjective side

Icho chinonyanya kukosha mukukodzera kwekubiridzira chinangwa. Kana tikarangarira mamiriro ezvinhu apo mumwe mugari ane ukama hwekuvimba nomumwe, uye mune izvi zvakagamuchirwa chero ipi neipi inotengeswa, kutumira kune mumwe munhu kana kune zvimwe zvinangwa, izvi hazvirevi mhosva.

Muitiko apo munhu aisazozadzisa zvikwereti zvakabatana nemamiriro ezvinhu ekuwana pfuma, uye chinangwa pamabasa akadaro munhu asati amutumira chinhu kana kodzero ipi zvayo, mhosva yacho inotarisirwa kugadziriswa pasi peChitsauko 159.

Dzidzira

Kutonga kwehutongi mukushandiswa kwemitemo ine chokuita nekubiridzira kune mhaka dzemhosva dzekubiridzira, iyo inobva muchitsauko 159 yakadzokidzwazve mune zvimwe zvikamu zvekushaikwa kweuchapupu. Panguva imwecheteyo, mhosva yacho inogona kuongororwa sezvinyorwa 159.1 - 159.6, nezvimwe zvikamu zveCriminal Code.

Nekuremekedza utsotsi, kunewo mamwe mimwe mitemo yekutonga. Kana, maererano nechikamu chekutanga chechikamu che159 chiri pasi pekufungisisa, zviito zvinogona kutaridzwa munyaya yedare repasi, saka nhengo dzehurumende dzeruzhinji dzinoita zvinyorwa pasi peArt. 159h 4, 3 uye 2.

Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti chikamu chokutanga chinopa hurumende yega yega, asi mune imwe nzvimbo ndeyezvinhu zvepachena-zvevanhu.

Mhinduro pamusoro penyaya yacho

Pane mukana wokuregererwa kurangwa uye nemigumisiro yaro kana paine mhosva dzakapiwa nezvikamu 1 kana 2 zvechikamu 159. Kana mutadzi akaita chiito kwekutanga uye panguva imwechete akadzorera kukanganisa uye akayananirana nemunhu akabatwa, mhosva yacho inopedzeswa maererano neChitsauko 25 cheMitemo yeNzira Dzekutonga.

Hazvigoneki kusunungura munhu kubva pamutoro kana chiito chiri pasi peunyanzvi. 159 ndima 4 kana ч. 3. Kana pakaitika munhu - ari munhu oga-akanyengedza mumwe munhu uye akazviita kwenguva yekutanga, zvinenge zvichigoneka kufunga kuti chinangwa chacho chave chavapo pakarepo. Nezvevakuru vakuru kana mapoka akarongeka, pfungwa yekusarura haifaniri kushanda, naizvozvo mapoka aya evapambi vanoita zvakakwana maererano nemutemo.

Kudzokorora kuita zviito zvakabatana nekunyengedza nemaune kweanenge achitambudzwa kunosanganisira kurangwa chaicho, kunyange kana kukanganisa kwave kuripo. Pano iwe unogona kutaura nezvekudzoka kwehuipi hwemhosva. Paunoita chisarudzo, chokwadi ichi chichafungidzirwa pakutanga.

Nokudaro, maererano neArt. 159 h. 4 nhengo dzomusangano dzinoratidza zvakajeka zvezviito zvekutadza zvinotarisirwa kuwana nzvimbo nekunyengera.