Omar Khayyam: A Biography. Omar Khayyam: zvinonakidza zvinhu

Omar Khayyam, pfupi Biography icho chiri papepa iri, akaberekwa muna Nishapur May 18, 1048. Nishapur iri mu kumabvazuva Iran, mune tsika muruwa Khorasan. guta rino yaiva nzvimbo dzakanaka vakaunganidza vanhu vakawanda vanobva siyana kumatunhu Iran uye kunyange nyika dzakavakidzana. Uyezve, Nishapur anonzi imwe huru nemagariro nzvimbo nguva Iran. Muguta kubvira muzana remakore rechi11 akaita madrasas - zvikoro dzakakwirira uye yechipiri marudzi. Mune mumwe wavo akadzidza uye Omar Khayyam.

Biography muna Russian kunosanganisira shanduro mazita akakodzera. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva, muverengi kunodiwa uye Chirungu shanduro Somuenzaniso, kana uchida kuwana zvinhu mu Chirungu. Sei aigona kushandura: "Omar Khayyam: A Biography"? "Omar Khayyam: Biography" - zvakarurama shanduro.

Childhood uye kuyaruka Khayyam

Zvinosuruvarisa mashoko pamusoro pavo hakuna kukwana, sezvo mashoko nezvoupenyu vazhinji vakakurumbira vanhu vekare. Biography pamusoro Omar Khayyam pauduku uye kuyaruka kwakaratidzwa kuti waigara Nishapur. Hakuna ruzivo pamusoro mhuri yake. Nickname Khayyam, sezvamunoziva, rinoreva "tenzi tende", "campers". Izvi zvinobvumira vatsvakurudzi kuti kubvuma kuti baba vake aiva mumiriri ndege madenderedzwa. Mhuri, chero zvazvingava, vane zvinoringana kupa mwanakomana wake vakadzikama dzidzo.

Education akacherekedza upenyu pashure hwake. Omar Khayyam kutanga adzidza nesayenzi muna madrasas Nishapur, uyo panguva iyoyo yaizivikanwa sechinhu revatongi sangano, izvo aigadzirira voruzhinji basa zvepamusoro. Pashure paizvozvo Omar akaramba dzidzo yake Samarkand uye Balkh.

Zivo inowanikwa Khayyam

Aiva dzakasiyana-siyana sayenzi dzinongoitika uye chaiyoiyo: geometry, masvomhu, nezvenyeredzi, wefizikisi. Omar zvakananga kudzidza nhoroondo, koranovedenie, theosophy, uzivi uye akaisa sciences philological, uyo aiva chikamu yokuti dzidzo panguva. Aiziva mabhuku Arabic, achinyatsogona Arabic, uye aiziva zvinokosha versification. Omar aiva nyanzvi mukuporesa uye nyeredzi, uye akadzidza mumhanzi dzidziso.

Khayyam zvakakwana aiziva Koran nomusoro, ndaigona kuzvidudzira chero ndima. Saka, kunyange dzepamusorosoro nyanzvi dzechitendero dzokuMabvazuva akateterera Omar mazano. pfungwa dzake, zvisinei, havana kupinda Islam zvayo chechi mupfungwa.

Zvakawanikwa wokutanga mumunda wemasvomhu

Zvakawanikwa kutanga masvomhu akacherekedza upenyu pashure hwake. Omar Khayyam akaita sayenzi iyi chikuru muupenyu zvidzidzo zvavo. Ava nemakore 25, iye anoita kuwanikwa yokutanga masvomhu. Mune 60s remakore rechi11 akabudisa basa sayenzi iyi, izvo zvinounza iye mbiri somunhu hunoshamisa musayendisiti. Patronage vatongi vanotanga kumupa dziviriro.

Life mudare Håkan Shams al-Mulk

Vatongi remakore rechi11 vaikwikwidzana nemumwe mu Runako Suite. Ivo vakakwezvwa courtiers vakadzidza. The nesimba zvikuru nyore akabvunza dare vakava vadetembi nomukurumbira uye nyanzvi. Not akaponesa ichi mugumo uye Omar. Service mudare uye paakavapa Biography ake.

Omar Khayyam, kutanga akatungamirira basa rake nesayenzi mudare Prince Håkan Shams al-Mulk, muna Bukhara. Maererano sahwira remakore rechi11, Bukhara mutongi vakakomba kukudzwa Omar uye kunyange akamuisa pachigaro choushe parutivi pake.

Kukokwa Isfahan

Panguva ino yakura uye akasimbisa Great Seljuk Empire. Tugulbek, ivo Seljuk mutongi, muna 1055 vakakunda Baghdad. Akazivisa pachake mutongi Empire itsva, Sultan. Caliph vakarasikirwa simba uye kwakaratidza imwe nguva nemagariro kukura, yainzi Eastern Renaissance.

Zviitiko izvi zvakakanganisa njodzi Omar Khayyam. New period Biography kwayo. Omar Khayyam muna 1074 akakokwa youmambo kushumira muguta Isfahan. Panguva ino, mitemo Sultan Malik Shah. Gore rino chakaratidza kutanga munguva yake inobereka mabasa kwesayenzi-gore 20, kubudirira migumisiro waitova penya. Panguva ino guta Isfahan raiva guta guru Seljuk simba, iyo akatambanudza kubva Mediterranean kusvikira kumiganhu China.

Life mudare Malik Shah

Omar akava honorary paiva Sultan kukuru. Maererano nengano, Nizam al-Mulk akatovapa iye kutarisira Nishapur uye rakapoteredza. Omar akati kuti haagoni rambidza uye raira chii chinodiwa kuti basa vanhu. The Sultan vamutarira mari 10 zviuru. Gold dinars pagore (a rakakura Nemutengo) kuna Khayyam kukwanisa kuita zvesayenzi.

utariri Observatory

Khayyam akakokwa kutarisira yamambo Observatory. Sultan wakazviunganidza zvakanakisisa vanoongorora nyeredzi mudare uye dzinounzwa mazakwatira kuti kutenga michina zvinodhura. basa pakusika pakarenda itsva hwakaiswa pamberi Omar. Muzana remakore rechi11 muCentral Asia uye Iran panguva imwe chete paiva maviri hurongwa: zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri uye making makarenda. Vose vakanga vakakwana. By March 1079 dambudziko racho ragadziriswa. Khayyam zvinganaka karenda yaiva 7 masekonzi chaiwo matanho nhasi Gregorian (yakatanga muzana remakore rechi16)!

Omar Khayyam akatungamirira Observatory nyeredzi zvaanorumbidza. Munhambo ake yezvenyeredzi zvakanga chokuita zvikuru nyeredzi, izvo kuMiddle Ages, ari Sayenzi hunobatsira kunofanirawo. Uye Omar aiva chikamu navaranda vose Malik Shah namano uye nyeredzi. mukurumbira wake sezvo muoni kukuru.

Kufambira mberi New mu masvomhu

Mudare muna Isfahan, Omar Khayyam akanga aidaro masvomhu. Muna 1077, iye akasika geometric basa wakayeriswa dudziro ezvinhu akaoma Euclid. Akatanga akapa dzoga kupatsanura huru marudzi equations - cubic, mativi, Linear (zvachose 25 rudzi), uye akasika dzidziso kugadzirisa cubic equations. Ndiye wokutanga akamutsa mubvunzo pamusoro poukama sayenzi geometry nemasvomhu.

Kwenguva refu Khayyam mabhuku akanga asingazivikanwi kuti masayendisiti European akasika non-Euclidean geometry uye itsva nemasvomhu kwirirei. Uye vaifanira kuzodzosera tora refu refu nzira kuenda uye kuti 5-6 emakore pamberi pavo kare yavakwa Khayyam.

uzivi makirasi

Khayyam akanga mubasa matambudziko uzivi, kudzidza zvesayenzi nhaka Avicenna. Iye akashandurirwa Persian kubva Arabic, mamwe mabasa ake, achiratidza utsanzi, kubva panguva ino basa mutauro nesayenzi taitamba Arabic.

The yekutanga kwouzivi yokutanga zvakanga akasikwa 1080 ( "bhuku pamusoro kuvapo uye zvinosungirwa"). Khayyam akati kuti ndiye muteveri Avicenna, uye vakaratidza maonero pamusoro Islam nemaonero rokumabvazuva aristotelianstva. Omar, vachiziva Mwari ariko sezvo zvinokonzera zvinhu, vakati chaiyo hurongwa zvinhu kunotemwa mitemo yezvinhu zvakasikwa, hachisi mugumisiro uchenjeri hwaMwari. maonero aya zvakasimba vasingabvumirani Muslim dzidziso. Munguva bhuku vakanga yakataurwa muchidimbu uye kuzvidzora, Aesopian mutauro nemadimikira uye innuendo. Zvikuru noushingi, dzimwe nguva noushingi okutuka, Anti-Islamic manzwiro ari nhetembo pamusoro Omar Khayyam.

Biography: nhetembo Khayyam

The nhetembo akanyora Rubaie chete, kureva quatrains, umo rhymed 1st, 2nd, 4th, kana zvose zvina stanzas. Akavasika hwose. Khayyam akanga asina kunyorwa laudatory odes vatongi. Rubaie chakakomba chimiro nhetembo hakusi, somunhu nyanduri, Omar Khayyam haina kuzivikanwa nevanhu vakararama panguva yake. Uye haana kuisa kukoshesa nhetembo dzavo. Vakaonekwa kunge offhand, zvachero.

Omar shaky chakakwirira mudare

Pakupera 1092 akatyora makore 20 yakanyarara nguva hwake padare Malik Shah. Panguva iyi, Sultan akafa kujeka ezvinhu. Uye Nizam al-Mulk vakaurayirwa chigaro mwedzi yapfuura. Kufa vanoitisana maviri Khayyam kwakaita Ages zvinyorwa zvakabatanidzwa Ismailis, vamiririri vechitendero-enyika kufamba rinotungamirirwa pamusoro Turkish kwamachinda. Pakafa Malik Shah, ravaigara Isfahan vanoziva. Violence uye okushora vakaberekerwa kutya zvikazara mutaundi umhondi chakavanzika. A kutamburira simba akatanga chiwondomoke umambo kukuru.

Dzakaderera uye mamiriro ezvinhu ari muruvazhe chirikadzi Omar Malik Shah Turkan Khatun. Mukadzi haana kuvimba anofungidzirwa Nizam al-Mulk. Omar Khayyam akashanda kwenguva yakati ari Observatory, asi haana kugamuchira chero rapfuura kugutsikana, hapana rutsigiro. Panguva iyoyowo, akashanda se chiremba uye nyeredzi panguva Turkan Khatun.

Sezvo dare repamusoro richivezwa pfupi Khayyam

Nyaya sei rinoparadzwa basa rake mudare, ava bhuku. Nderake 1097. Sanjar, mwanakomana worugotwe Malik Shah, kamwe vakabatwa huku pox, uye Khayyam, uyo vakamuzvidza, nokusaziva akaratidza kupokana kuti mukomana ane makore 11 okuberekwa achapora. vakanga ndanzwa sikuta mashoko nemuranda, uye akatamisira murwere kuti mugari wenhaka. Ndiani munguva yemberi Sultan, uyo akatonga kubva 1118 ne 1157 iri Seljuk mamiriro, Sanjar ake ose upenyu akaramba ruvengo kuna Khayyam.

Pakafa Malik Shah Isfahan akarasikirwa nzvimbo huru yesayenzi muzinda uye youmambo dzokugara. Derelict uye pakupedzisira, kuti Observatory, uye guta guru rakanga vakatamira kuguta Merv (Khorasan) yakavharwa. Omar akasiya dare nokusingaperi, akadzokera Nishapur.

Upenyu Nishapur

Pano akararama kusvikira parufu rwake, apo neapo vachisiya guta kushanyira Balkh uye Bukhara. Uyezve, akaita refu outorwa kuti vaMuslim nzvimbo tsvene muna Mecca. Khayyam ndokudzidzisa madrasas Nishapur. Aiva duku denderedzwa vadzidzi. Dzimwe nguva Zvaizoda chitundumuseremusere musayendisiti waitsvaka musangano naye vakatora chikamu mune nharo zvesayenzi.

The okupedzisira nguva youpenyu hwake zvakanga zvakaoma, inobatanidzwa hwourombo nenhamo kuti kwave kunotangira imwe kusurukirwa pakunamata. In Nishapur makore mukurumbira Omar sezvo nyanzvi uye nyanzvi yemasvomhu wakaradzikwa kubwinya pakutenda uye freethinker. Kutsamwa vanotsigira Islam akadana maonero ake youzivi.

Scientific nouzivi nhaka Khayyam

Biography pamusoro Omar Khayyam (pfupi) havagoni kutaura zvakadzama pamusoro basa rake. Tinoona chete kuti musayenzi uye dzouzivi nhaka yake duku. Kusiyana Avicenna, ake akazotsiviwa, Khayyam haana kusika munhu coherent youzivi hurongwa. akadhindwa dzake vachirondedzera chete kune mumwe mibvunzo uzivi, kunyange zvazvo inokosha. Vamwe vavo zvakanyorwa pakupindura chikumbiro kubva rokunyika kana zvemweya. It richiripo 5 chete zvinyorwa ouzivi Omar. Vose zvipfupi, pfupi, dzimwe nguva tora mapeji mashoma.

The kunonamata Mecca, uye upenyu mumusha

Kwapera nguva, mumwe kudhumhana nevafundisi zvokuti ngozi kuti Khayyam akamanikidzwa kuita zvakaoma uye refu kunonamata Mecca (mumakore kare vakwegura). Munhambo iri rwendo kuenda panzvimbo tsvene dzimwe nguva kwemakore. Omar akararama kwenguva yakati Baghdad. Kudzidzisa Biography yake yave anoratidzwa Nizamiyya.

Omar Khayyam, anenge ane upenyu tinoziva, zvinosuwisa kwete vazhinji, kumba, akatanga kugara mumusha pedyo Nishapur mune yatisingaonekwi imba. Maererano neuchapupu Ages biographers, akanga asina kuroorwa uye vana akanga asina. Akararama up tichinoona pangozi pamusana kunyumwira uye kutambudzwa.

Sezvo ndakapedza okupedzisira maawa oupenyu Omar Khayyam

Short Biography muchiRussia kubva musayendisiti, muzivi uye nyanduri, rakanyorwa anoverengeka vanyori. Zvinyorwa zvose vanobvuma kuti gore rufu rwake haina chaiyo kuzivikanwa. The ungangotarisa musi anoonekwa kuva naye muna 1123. Kubva kunobva remakore rechi12 vakasvika kwatiri nyaya sei Khayyam akapedza okupedzisira maawa zvoupenyu. nyaya iyi wakanzwika nehama dzake, Abu-L-Hasan Beyhaki. On nhasi, Omar vainyatsoongorora "Mubhuku Healing" rakanyorwa Avicenna. Kuzadzisa "kuroorwa uye vakawanda" Hayam akaisa munongoro pakati machira uye akakumbira kuti kodzero vanhu kuti vaite kuda kwake. Omar haana kudya kana kunwa zuva rose. Ndapedza munamato wokupedzisira, wakakotamira pasi manheru. Zvadaro, Khayyam akati, akatendeukira kuna Mwari, kuti aiziva napo, uye kuti kuziva - iyi ndiyo nzira kwayo. Uye iye akafa. In mufananidzo pazasi - guva rake Nishapur.

Kubva chii kumwewo unogona kudzidza nezvoupenyu munhu akafanana Omar Khayyam? Biography TSB (Great Soviet Encyclopedia) achaita kukunakira kana iwe chete anokosha ruzivo nezvazvo. Unogonawo kureva bhuku rinonzi Khayyam, mumashoko okutanga uko kazhinji kupa tsananguro hwake. Hatina mashoko anokosha chete pamusoro munhu akadai Omar Khayyam. Biography, nyika yake, nhoroondo upenyu hwake, nhetembo uye maturakiti - zvose izvi uye vakawanda vanhu vanofarira nhasi. It anotaura kukosha nhaka kuti yaasara, mukuru basa munhoroondo unhu Omar Khayyam.