Oxidative mupfungwa: basa mashandiro, kuti zviratidzo

Stress anoonekwa kuti non-zvakananga achipindura muviri kuti chiito yomunyika kana zvimwewo zvinoitika. Tsanangudzo iyi chakaunzwa muitiro H. Selye (Canadian physiologist). Chero chiito kana ezvinhu kungakonzera kunetseka. Zvisinei, mumwe anogona kusiyanisa chimwe chinhu uye vanouti kukonzera kuita muviri.

zvinhu

Kana tikaongorora zvakaitwa hachibatsiri kana mamiriro ezvinhu (zvinofadza kana kusingafadzi izvozvo) iri mumuviri. Kufarira ndiko kusimba ari kwadzakabva zvinodiwa kana rearrangement pasi ezvinhu. The muviri zvikurukuru nedambudziko nokuda kunovhiringidza mumiririri anoshora kukwanisa kwayo kupindura flexibly uye kuchinjira kumamiriro ezvinhu. Saka, tinogona kuswedera zvinotevera mhedziso. Kushushikana mupfungwa kuri kunzwisisa adaptive mhinduro nekanzuru muviri pakuparwa aaiitawo chikonzero. Fani iyi inonzi musayenzi rwevanhu kwadzakabva syndrome.

siteji

Kwadzakabva chirwere kunoitika zvishoma nezvishoma. First anouya padariro mwoyo. The muviri Panguva iyi kutaura zvakananga pavakanzwa matambudziko. Danho rechipiri - Nemishonga. Panguva iyi nemiviri dzakashandisa maximize ezvinhu. Pakupedzisira padanho kuneta kunoitika. Zvakaitika yapfuura nzendo muviri rinoshandisa reserves ayo. Nokudaro, mukunopera vari yekudyidzana kwezvinoshandiswa. Somugumisiro, mukati muviri kutanga STRUCTURAL rearrangements. Zvisinei, kazhinji kacho hazvina kukwana kuti urarame. Saizvozvowo, irreparable simba zvitoro zviri kwezvinoshandiswa uye muviri hunoguma kuchinja.

oxidative kushushikana

и прооксиданты при тех или иных условиях приходят в неустойчивое состояние. Antioxidant hurongwa uye aifarira-oxidants pasi zvimwe zvinhu kuva kusagadzikana mamiriro. The Zvinoumba yokupedzisira zvinhu zvinosanganisira zvose zvinhu vatambe chaizvo mukusimbisa paumbwe vakasununguka radicals kana zvimwe reactive kwemarudzi akadai oxygen. могут быть представлены разными агентами. Primary zvigadziriswe ari kukuvadza kunoita oxidative kunetseka kunogona hunomiririrwa zvakasiyana nevamiririri. Izvi zvinogona kuva cellular zvinhu: kuremara mu mitochondrial afemeruke, zvakananga makemikari. могут быть и внешними. The zvigadziriswe pakati oxidative kunetseka kunogona kuva kwokunze. Izvi, kunyanya zvinosanganisira fodya, mishonga, kusvibiswa mhepo uye zvichingodaro.

vakasununguka radicals

Vari kuramba kuumbwa mumuviri womunhu. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zviri kukonzerwa chero namakemikari kwendangariro. Somuenzaniso, kune hydroxyl radicals (OH). pakuonekwa Rinobatanidzwa ne kugara uchinzwa ionizing nemwaranzi uye pasi kwevari superoxide kusunungurwa nokuda Erekitironi leakage dzavo zvifambiso cheni. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, panowanikwa radicals nokuda activation pamusoro phagocytes uye kugadzirwa nitric oxide nemasero endothelial.

The zvigadziriswe pakati oxidative kushushikana

Kurongedza panowanikwa vakasununguka kukuru uye okuti muviri norudaviro anenge akadzikama. Muchiitiko chino, zviri zvikuru nyore kutama hama nepakati muchifarira radicals. . Somugumisiro kwakakanganiswa muchitokisi nemakemikari omuviri uye oxidative mupfungwa kunoitika. Vazhinji zvinhu munzvimbo kushivirira usinganyanyi mwero kusaenzana. Izvi imhaka pamberi masero ari reparative hurongwa. Ivo kuziva uye kubvisa hunenge mamorekuru. Pakupedzisira nzvimbo zvinhu zvitsva anosvika. . Uyezve, masero anokwanisa kuwedzera kuchengetedzwa, mukupindura oxidative kushushikana. Somuenzaniso, makonzo anoiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu pamwe yakaisvonaka okisijeni, vanofa pashure mashoma. Zvinonzi mune kuipa mhepo ine vanenge 21% O _2. Kana matambudziko pamusoro mhuka kuwedzera mishonga okisijeni zvishoma nezvishoma, avo kudzivirira kuchasimbiswa. Zvinogona kuitwa kuti negonzo uye vangakwanisa uchatamisa 100% O ₂ yevasungwa. способен вызвать серьезные разрушения или гибель клеток. Kunyange zvakadaro, mumwe oxidative kunetseka simba kunogona kukuvadza kana muchitokisi rufu.

sembura zvinhu

Sezvo kumusoro ambotaurwa, muviri nepakati anodzokororwa vakasununguka radicals uye kudzivirirwa. вызывается как минимум двумя причинами. Kubva ichi tinogona kugumisa kuti oxidative mupfungwa kunokonzerwa nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinenge zviviri. Rokutanga kuderedza dziviriro basa. Wechipiri kuwedzera paumbwe radicals kusvika pamwero kuti antioxidants havakwanisi neutralize navo.

Neb unodzivirira Kupindura

Zvinozivikanwa kuti antioxidant hurongwa kunonyanya hunotsigirwa kudya zvinovaka muviri. Saka, zvinogona vakagumisa kuti zvinoderedza kudzivirira muviri zvichikonzerwa nokushaya zvokudya. Pasinei, zvirwere zvevanhu vakawanda kunokonzerwa kushayiwa antioxidant muviri. Somuenzaniso, neurodegeneration ari kuona nokuda ane kukwana yaunodya pavarwere vane muviri haugoni kwemafuta vhitamini E zvakakodzera. Panewo uchapupu hunoratidza kuti HIV-utachiona vanhu, akadzorerwa kuona mu lymphocytes glutathione mu zvikuru pasi kuwanda.

kusvuta

Zviri imwe huru zvinhu kukonzera oxidative kunokonzerwa mumapapu uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri muviri zhinji. Utsi uye nebwe mupfumi radicals. Vamwe vanokwanisa kurwisa Morekuru uye kuderedza wevasungwa mavhitamini E uye C. Utsi kugumbura zvemapapu macrophages, nokudaro zvibereko superoxide. Mumapapu ose vanosvuta pane zvakawanda neutrophils pane vasiri vanosvuta. Fodya zvinodhaka, vanhu kazhinji kudya havaratidzi uye zvinodya doro. Saizvozvowo, avo simba kuzvidavirira. провоцирует тяжелые нарушения клеточного метаболизма. Chirwere oxidative kushushikana chinokurwadzai wakaomarara kutyora cellular muviri.

Kuchinja mumuviri

For chirwere zvinangwa, kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana zvezvinangwa ose oxidative mupfungwa. Izvi kana zvimwe zvachinja muviri anoratidza chaiyo nzvimbo zvinetso uye zvinhu, vakamutsamwisa. : Kudzidza paumbwe vakasununguka radicals kukura nemultiple sclerosis kushandisa zviratidzo zviri oxidative kunetseka zvakadaro:

1. Malondialdehyde. It anoita chigadzirwa yechipiri chokuzvisarudzira yakakura oxidation (CPO) lipids uye ane zvikuvadze pamusoro marongerwo uye kushanda ari membrane. Izvi zvinozoita kunotungamirira kuwedzera permeability kwavo karusiyamu ions. Kuwedzera wevasungwa kuti malondialdehyde mukufamba achinyanya uye yechipiri-mberi nemultiple sclerosis yokutanga danho inosimbisa oksislitelnogo mupfungwa - activation chokusarudza yakakura oxidation.
2. Schiff hwaro kuguma zvinobva SRO-mapurotini uye lipids. Kuwedzera wevasungwa pamusoro Schiff bwezvingoro kunosimbisa zvinowanzoitwa chisingaperi activation chokusarudza yakakura oxidation. With rakawedzera Kuwanda malondialdehyde kuwedzera chigadzirwa uye zvikurukuru panguva yechipiri mberi kuoma dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri anogona kutanga rokuparadza muitiro. It iri kusabatana uye kuparadzwa dzairamba pakati membranes. Yakakwirira kwevari Schiff bwezvingoro rinoratidzawo padariro rokutanga oxidative kunetseka.
3. Vhitamini E. Zviri zvipenyu antioxidant interacts rusununguko radicals uye lipid peroxides. kutsigisa igwa zvigadzirwa akaumba ari kuita. Vhitamini E iri oxidized. It anonzi anobudirira neutralizer pamusoro singlet okisijeni. Achideredza basa vhitamini E muropa rinoratidza kusaenzana mune dzisiri enzymatic kubatana AO3 hurongwa - iri chinogumbura yechipiri oxidative mupfungwa.

migumisiro

? Chii basa oxidative mupfungwa? Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti exposures havasi chete lipids Kamudzira uye mapuroteni, asi makabhohaidhiretsi. Uyezve, kuchinja dzichitanga hormone uye kwemakemikari anobudiswa enyika. Active enzayemu thymus lymphocytes yakarongeka zvinoderedza, anowedzera pachiyero neurotransmitters, mahormone vanotanga kusunungurwa. Kana kushushikana kunotanga oxidizing nucleic acids, mapuroteni, Mahydrocarbon, anowedzera zvinonyatsorehwa zviri lipids muropa. Enhanced kusunungurwa adrenocorticotropic kemikari nokuda ndichibvunza disintegration ATP uye Camp chiitiko. Last saka zvaanopa simba puroteni kinase. Iyewo, zvinobatsira kuti kutora chikamu kwe ATP phosphorylation cholinesterase rokuchinja remafuta akawandisa esters mu remafuta akawandisa free. Enhancement mapuroteni usage, RNA, DNA, apo panguva glycogen kuunganidza vana dhepoti mafuta, mafuta rinenge kuora (yepamusoro) acids uye shuga uyewo chinokonzera oxidative mupfungwa. считается одним из наиболее серьезных последствий процесса. Kuchembera ndeimwe zvakakura nemigumisiro kwacho. Uyewo, pane kuwedzera kuita kuti thyroid mahormone. Rinotibatsira nokukurumidza murau BMR - kukura uye Kusiyanisa kuti munyama, mapuroteni, lipid, carbohydrate muviri. Rinokosha kuti glucagon uye jekiseni. Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, shuga mabasa somureza pamusoro activation pamusoro adenylate cyclase, uye tsMAF - nokuti kugadzirwa jekiseni. izvi zvose zvinotungamirira ane intensification ari kuora kuti glycogen mune tsandanyama uye chiropa, kuderera ari biosynthesis pakati makabhohaidhiretsi uye mapuroteni, tava kuderera shuga oxidation. Anovandudza akaipa senitrogen nechiedzo, anowedzera wevasungwa pamusoro remafuta akawandisa uye dzimwe lipids muropa. Glikagon anokurudzira paumbwe shuga, kuchititadzisa manyowa wayo lactic acid. Muchiitiko chino, izvozvo vachamhanyira zvinoisa vawedzere gluconeogenesis. Izvi ndizvo kwetunhu asiri carbohydrate zvinhu uye shuga. Sezvo rokutanga chiito pyruvic asidhi uye lactic acid, glycerol, uyewo chero yeimwe chinogona kushandurwa pamwe catabolism kuti pyruvate mune kana mumwe zvenguva zvinhu trikarbonovokislotnogo kutenderera. Huru substrates zvinogarawo amino acids uye lactate. A mukugumisa kuchinja makabhohaidhiretsi ndohwavo Shuga-6-phosphate. remubatanidzwa ichi zvinoshamisa DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA fosfoliriticheskogo glycogen Kuparara. Shuga 6-phosphate Activate kuti enzayemu shuga chokufambisa mu uridindifosfoglyukozy synthesized glycogen. Mukomboni zvakare anoita somunhu substrate kuti nekutambira transformations glycolytic. Pamwe chete ichi pane kuwedzera kwetunhu gluconeogenic makemikari. Zvikurukuru, zviri kwese kuti phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. It anosarudza kumhanya acho ari itsvo uye chiropa. Nhamba gluconeogenesis uye glycolysis vachambokanganwa kurudyi. The glucocorticoids vave inducers ose enzayemu usage.

ketone miviri

Vanoita somunhu mhando peturu bhizimisi pamusoro itsvo, tsandanyama. Kana oxidative kushushikana uwandu pamusoro ketone mitumbi inowedzerwa. Ivo kushanda sechinhu regulator kudzivisa kunyanya kuunganidza kuti mafuta acids kubva yokuchengetera mabhuku. Izvi nokuti nyama zhinji kunotanga simba shoma nokuti kuti shuga nokuda jekiseni kushaikwa haisi kukwanisa kupinda munzvimbo muchitokisi. At dzakakwirira kuwanda mafuta acids mu plasma kunowedzera Absorção de Água kwavo uye oxidation chiropa, anowedzera kusimba triglyceride usage. izvi zvose zvinotungamirira nokuwedzera kwenhamba ketone miviri.

Mukuwedzera

Sayenzi anoziva uye chiitiko ichi sezvo "oxidative kushushikana miti." Zvinonzi kuti mubvunzo yetsika specificity kuchinja zvakasiyana-siyana anoramba gakava nhasi. Vamwe vanyori vanodavira kuti pasi vanoshorwa ezvinhu akaoma zvinoitwa zvakasikwa hunhu. basa Its hakutsamiri yezvakaita chinhu. Other nyanzvi vanoti kuti kutsiga zvirimwa vagara vandifungira chaicho mhinduro. Kureva maitiro raiita chikonzero. Zvichakadai, masayendisiti zvinobvumirana kuti pamwe non-chaiyo uye yakananga mhinduro kuitika. Panyaya iyi, kare harisi nguva dzose vakwanise kuona tikafunga dzakawanda yezvisikwa siyana.