The yokuita benzene: iyo nzira ndiyo yakarurama chiperengo?

Zvinonhuwirira Mahydrocarbon vane cyclic yakarongeka. Mumiriri rokutanga dzino - benzene (C ₆ H _6). A yemaitiro unoratidza maumbirwo yacho, kutanga akafunga kemisiti Kekule muna 1865. Maererano nyaya musayendisiti, akanga refu akafungisisa chakavanzika benzene. Humwe usiku aiva nyoka inoruma pachake muswe wayo. Mangwanani ari STRUCTURAL yokuita benzene kare akambochera. Yakanga chindori 6 kabhoni maatomu. Vatatu vavo vaiva kaviri chisungo.

Sechivako benzene

Carbon inonhuwirira Mahydrocarbon anoumba munhu dzose Hexagon. Dzimwe Paanenge achinyora Zvinoitwa equations dzinoratidzira zvayo elongated mu hunyambiri negwara. Ichi boka kwemaatomu ane zita - the benzene mhete. Nokusimbisa cyclic maumbirwo benzene raro okutambirwa mamorekuru matatu acetylene - unsaturated yeHydrocarbon kuva chisungo katatu. Zvinonhuwirira Mahydrocarbon tiri unsaturated uye kuratidza zvimwe zvivako yo alkenes. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vari benzene mhete kubudikidza dashes matatu, achimhanya akaererana zviso, cherechedza kuvapo miviri chisungo. Kwakadaro benzene fomura haanyatsonzwisisi kuratidza mamiriro kabhoni maatomu ari Morekuru.

Benzene: A nzira inoratidza chaidzo mamiriro

Chaizvoizvo, kubatana pakati kabhoni iri mhete vari yakaenzana mumwe. Pakati pavo, zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti govera kuroorwa uye kaviri. zvakakurumbira kwakadaro rinotsanagurwa yacho Erekitironi mamiriro ose benzene, ine kabhoni neerekitironi riri sp ² -gibridizovannom wehurumende kwakabatana vavakidzani ayo ari mhete, uye nhatu kwakajairika rehydrogen zvisungo kuroorwa. Muchiitiko ichi mumwe Hexagon, zviri zvakafanana mundege 6 kabhoni maatomu uye 6 - rehydrogen. Chete Erekitironi makore Wechina S.-maerekitironi vasiri mune hybridization, akaronga zvakasiyana. chimiro chavo chakafanana dumbbell, muzinda inowira Zamok nendege. A thickened zvikamu vari pamusoro uye pasi. Panyaya iyi, musi benzene neerekitironi nechepasi pane vaviri Erekitironi densities vasangana mu S.-pindana Erekitironi makore. Pane vakawanda namakemikari chisungo kuti kabhoni iri mhete.

Properties of benzene mhete

Nokuda zvachose Erekitironi arambe achirema kunoderedza daro pakati kabhoni iri mhete. Vachaenzana 0,14 nm. Kana ari benzene musimboti iripo kuroorwa uye kaviri zvisungo, zvingava zviyero zviviri: 0,134 uye 0,154 nm. Sechivako benzene payakavakirwa vechokwadi havafaniri zvine kuroorwa uye kaviri zvisungo. Naizvozvo, zvinonhuwirira Mahydrocarbon inotaurwa unsaturated Organic yeimwe chete pamutemo. By sezvamunoita akafanana alkenes, asi anogona kuita munhu kuzvitsinhanisa maitiro, ndiro chinoratidza kuti nomuti Mahydrocarbon. Inonhuwirira benzene neerekitironi ane wandei nokutsiga oxidants. All zvinhu izvi kuti tifunge rin'i rinokosha mhando pakukurukurirana - kwete miviri uye imwe.

Sei rinoratidza benzene fomura?

Zvakarurama nzira iri benzene matatu zvisungo miviri sezvaakaita Kekule, asi ari muchimiro Hexagon ine denderedzwa mukati. It chinofananidzira vanhuwo ani 6 maerekitironi.

It kunosimbiswa sechivako symmetry ari ehupfumi zviri pfuma. ari benzene mhete akatsiga, ane inokosha simba coupling. The ehupfumi ari mumiririri zvinonhuwirira Mahydrocarbon kutanga zvaitika mu homologues ayo. Mumwe nomumwe wavo anogona achimiririrwa rinobva umo hydrogen kuzvitsinhanisa pamusoro siyana yeHydrocarbon radicals.