Chii uropi: kwayo marongerwo uye mashandiro

The huta dzevanhu system (kusanganisira uropi) ndiye regulator mupenyu muviri mabasa. Nemhaka payo, iye anogona sei zviitiko uye kutora zvimwe zvisarudzo. In izvi zvose chakakosha basa reDare uropi.

mabasa ayo uye nemamiriro kudzidza vanachiremba saka kure, saka nyaya nhamba kakawanda kuti raanotaura chete anofungidzirwa siyana. Asi, ngationei chii uropi.

Vhuṱanzi

Kutaura chii uropi anonetsa kumativi Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu kutarisirwa. The nhamba chaiyo haina kuisa, uye yakasiyana mhando kuverengwa vanogona kutonga kuti avo 25 kusvika bhiriyoni 86 (nhamba yechipiri - ndiyo zvichangobva Data). Nekuti Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu wakadenha pfumbu nyaya. Uropi pacharo wakafukidzwa membranes matatu:

• munyoro;
• chikukutu;
• arachnoid (zviri chepfungwa fluid iyo inoshanda basa nehana absorb, dzivirira pfumbu nyaya kurohwa).

Achitaura uremu, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kusiyana. Somuenzaniso, mune varume avhareji uropi kurema anenge 1375 magiramu, nepo mune vakadzi 1245, asi, nenzira, pachiyero rezvedzidzo budiriro hazvina kutsanangura, oddly zvakakwana pakutanga kuaona.

Brain rokuva mukuru kukosha inhamba Links kuti vakasikwa Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu pane kwayo uremu. Pashure pezvose, kana iwe enzanisa isu pamwe nedzimwe mhuka panyika pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona dundundu munhu yakakura guru akati muviri.

Asi ngatiendei kudzokera munhu uye kutaura musoro achangoberekwa uropi. Sezvineiwo, kwayo kwepakutanga kurema ndiwo anenge 1/8 womuviri kurema mwana (pfupi - magiramu anenge 400). Zvinonyatsozivikanwa akacherekedza muforo uye guru gyrus (kunyange havagoni kuzvirumbidza kudzama uye kukwirira). Uye vashoma makore oupenyu okutanga uropi anowana zvaidiwa mukuru.

Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu uye utano hwake

Brain masero kuti vaunze nekufambisa nomunhu, akadana Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu, uye glia mabasa okuwedzera mabasa. In wachena nyaya dziri in zviri kunzi ventricles. Kubva kuna vamwe muviri womunhu vanokweverwa cranial tsinga iri uwandu gumi nomwe.

Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu uye tsinga zvinopa madhipatimendi siyana pamwe yavo nemamwe zvinhu. mabasa avo kuvimba zvachose mikana yose muviri. Mumwe dzouropi anogona vanokwanisa kuva kusvika 10,000 neshamwari, izvozvo rinobatanidza nedzimwe zvinhu uropi.

Uyewo chinokosha chena fuma. Saka akadana fibers tsinga zvinoshandiswa kuburikidza muviri unobva hemispheres siyana cortical nharaunda uye nomurwizi masangano. Nyaya chena riri pakati cerebral cortex uye basal nuclei. Mariri zvikamu zvina, kupatsanura ichi rinoitwa, zvichienderana nzvimbo yavo.

mamiriro

Conventionally, chikuru uropi muzvikamu zvitatu:

1. ari Hemisférios Cerebrais
2. Cerebellum.
3. Brainstem.

Uyewo, pane zvikamu zvishanu:

1. Mugumo (pamusoro izvo pripadaet vanenge 80% of zvachose uremu).
2. Rear (ichi inosanganisira cerebellum uye zambuko).
3. Zvenguva.
4. Oblong.
5. Avhareji.

Uyezve, marudzi matatu nemakwati ukasunungurwa nyanzvi pfungwa:

1. Ancient.
2. Old.
3. New.

Chii cortex

Cerebral cortex chinonzi pose rukoko Ukobvu anenge 3 neMM, kuramba hemisphere kwevanhu. Zvikurukuru ayo zvakasikwa dzinoshandiswa nokuda muviri vertically nezvatinovavarira masero etsinga, vane spines. Kunyange zvazvo zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kana kudzidza uyewo efferent uye afferent fibers akawanikwa, uyewo neuro-glial.

Three Mhando nemakwati ukapisa murwi muna matanhatu akaturikidzana. Vose vane zvakasiyana Kuparadzirwa arambe achirema, upamhi, ukuru uye chimiro Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu. chikuru cortex unozvikudza imwe nzvimbo 2,200 ba. cm. Izvi zvinoitwa kwayo tote striations. Uyewo vangasvika 10 bhiriyoni Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu ari munhu.

cortex basa

Cortex ane chaizvo mabasa akawanda. nharaunda mumwe nomumwe basa chinhu wake chaiwo. Saka, nokuda zvenyama akafukidza tinogona kugadzirisa zviri zvemaziso vibrations pakati dzedenga (inzwi) uye sei nezvinonhuhwira. 3atylochnaya kunotibatsira kushanda kuona mashoko. Parietal cortex unokubvumira kunzwisisa nzvimbo kumativi uye opredelyaat manakiro zvose. Frontal anokonzera sangano, mafungiro yakaoma uye matauriro.

No zvisinganyanyi kukosha kubva dzichipfekeka nemaonero ndiyo basal ganglia, izvo zvinoshandiswa nekufambisa mashoko.

mativi uropi

zvinokosha anotonga All kwekodzero maitiro telencephalon. Iye, uyezve, ane mwoyo nepfungwa mano edu.

Diencephalon kuchibva dorsal (pamusoro) uye ventral (pasi) chikamu. Pakutanga guru kukosha thalamus kunoita. Iye anoita se murevereri, uyo achatumwa zvose kuzvinetsa kuna hemispheres. Pamusana nayo muviri kunogona kukurumidza ajairane kwokunze zvakatipoteredza kuchinja.

Ventral chikamu hypothalamus anonzi. Saka akadana subcortical pakati, apo mutemo autonomic mabasa. Under nawo Falls tsinga, kwemakemikari anobudiswa omumuviri, muviri uye vazhinji zvimwe zvakakosha kwemasayendisiti muviri. Nemhaka nayo hunodzorwa padanho takamuka uye hope munhu, uyewo zvokudya nokunwa kwayo maitiro.

Pasi hypothalamus ndiye pituitary shwanu, riri basa tembiricha muviri. Uyewo, nokuda nayo hunodzorwa zvomudumbu uye kumwoyo.

Kuramba kuwana chii uropi, kudzokera dhipatimendi - zvakakodzera kuti unhu basa shanda chevaimbi. Nechokunze, nzvimbo iyi sokunge bhiriji pamwe akaisa seri cerebellum. Pasinei kwayo pasi uremu (anenge 120-150 magiramu), iyo yaishandiswa kukosha rokuti zvakakwirira. Saka, kubva cerebellum kunoenderana Kufambisa ari kufamba. Rezasi chikamu chacho pose neVadzidzi medulla oblongata. It rinobatanidza huru uye kuti musana wemunhu. Pano unogona kuwana chena uye pfumbu nyaya.

Kubva medulla oblongata Kufambisa yedu zvinoenderana zvikuru pamwero, nepakati, muviri, kufamba kweropa uye afemeruke. Kunyange kana isu kukosora uye hotsira, hunoshanda chaizvo. The midbrain ndiye anokonzera chiratidzo yedu yakavanzika. Sezvo zviri zvakare muzinda uye dzidziso dzepanguva, iyo awane rakapinza dzoro nenzira muviri mheremhere (kana zvimwe chisingatarisirwi anotikurudzira). Pamusana kwaari, vanhu vane pfungwa dzepanguva hworatidza pacharo pakuti vanhu vanogona kurega kubhururuka murutivi rwake zvinhu, kana anorova.

Ndiani uye apo akadzidza uropi

Nokuti kudzidza uropi vari kushandiswa R & D nzvimbo pasi pose. Saka, muna Russian Federation vane Brain Institute muSt Petersburg, iro vaiona chinokosha Academy of Sciences. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti pfungwa imwe nzvimbo nyanzvi rurefu azvipire kurovedza uye yepamusoro michina ano.

Akapiwa kunzwisisa chinhu riri kudzidzwa, kunyange zvazvo vazhinji udelonnogo pfungwa dzake, masayendisiti kukwanisa kunzwisisa sei zvinoshanda. Uye ichi pasinei nokuti kupfungwa uropi havasi voga munyika uye vari kushanda kwenguva refu. Asi, zvakadaro, kudzidza anoenda, uye nokukurumidza kunyange uropi hakuzovi kwakaoma.

Sei nechirwere mamiriro ano

Rokuongorora mamiriro inokosha nhengo imwe akashandisa rinokosha pakudzidza - encephalogram uropi. Nemhaka yake, unogona kuwana mashoko zvikuru yakarurama. Mazuva ano ndiwo zvemberi unyanzvi kuti zvikuru kushandiswa munyika. Sei kuitika?

Encephalogram uropi - iri munyonga chaiyo iyo anokonzerwa kunyoresa vibrations izvo kuitika uropi hwomunhu. Vibrations vari akabatwa kubudikidza ganda nokuda kuda zvinokosha sensors. Saka, diagnosticians kuwana mufananidzo kwouropi basa. Kana munhu akanaka, zvichava zvinopindirana. Tsinga pezvakaitwa zvichiitika iyi vari zvakanaka akaratidza. In pathologies vanogona kuchengeta zvarakasiya siyana.

Kushandisa pfungwa eeg dzinogona kurondwa, sezvo musimboti tsinga iri kushanda. Saka, pasi pokudzora kusachinja-chinja uye nyore kuwana mutinhimira pamusoro pezvakaitwa. Pachishandiswa mashoko aya zvinobvira kuvaka dunhu uropi imwe munhu uye kuziva nzvimbo zvinogona kutyorwa.

Kunobatsirawo rakarurama zvabuda unoratidza utsva michina uye ruzivo diagnostician. Nemhaka zvikuru ano zvokushandisa, unogona kukurumidza kuziva kukuvara kuti zvakavigwa kudzika mamiriro. A kudzidza zvinogona kuitwa pamusoro yose zuva, kuti chakonzera kutyorwa vechokwadi. State uropi kuchaita kuyerwa masikati uye usiku. Ipapo vanachiremba achava mufananidzo zvizere zviri kuitika murwere.

mhedziso

Saka, tichawana kuti uropi, sei akunoita, chii mashandiro, sei akunoita, uye kupi uye inodzidza nayo. Chokwadi, mashoko hapandiringani kuti kukwanisa kutaura kuti pamusoro pake kuziva zvose. Asi zvose chikuru inotanga diki. Naizvozvo, kana uine kufarira nyaya iyi, unogona kuwana nyore zvakawanda zvakasiyana kuwedzera yekudyidzana neruzivo chawo. Uye zvingava nani kushandisa mabhuku kushandiswa yezvokurapa chinangwa ichi, izvo uchareva ose unyanzvi.