Period of revolution of the Earth around the Sun. Orbit yepasi Pasi

Pasi chinhu chinonyangadza chinosanganiswa mukufamba kwepanyika. Iyo inotenderera kumativi ayo, inokunda mamiriyoni emakiromita mumasitenderera akapoteredza Sun, pamwe chete nenyika yose yepasi, zvishoma nezvishoma inokomberedza nepakati peGiraxy yeMilky Way. Maitiro maviri okutanga ePasi anonyatsooneka kune vagari vayo nekuchinja kubuda kwezuva uye kwemazuva, kushandura hutongi hwehurumende, hutsika hwemwaka. Mazuva ano, pakati pekucherechedza kwedu ndezvakanaka uye nguva yekuchinja kwepasi pano kune Sun, iyo inofambisa upenyu hwepasi.

General information

Nyika yedu inofamba nechetatu nechokure kubva pakubhururuka kunobwinya. Kubva kuSuva, Pasi rinodarika makiromita 149.5 mamiriyoni. Kureba kwerutenderera kune mamiriyoni 940 km. Izvi zvinodarika nyika inokunda mumazuva 365 uye maawa matanhatu (imwe nyeredzi, kana kusakoshesa, gore - nguva yekuvandudzwa kwePasi pasi kumativi ose nezuva maererano neredzi dziri kure). Nhanho yaro panguva yekutenderera mumasvikiro inosvika pamwero we 30 km / s.

Kune avo vanocherechedza nyika, kuchinja kwepasi kunopoteredza chiedza kunoratidzwa mukushandurwa kwechinzvimbo cheSuva mumatenga. Inofambisa dhigirii rimwe nerimwe pazuva mukutungamira kwepasterly nekuremekedza nyeredzi.

Orbit yepasi Pasi

Iyo nzira yekufamba kwepasi redu haisi denderedzwa yakanaka. Icho chinokwikwidzana neZuva mune imwe ye foci yayo. Ichi chimiro che "orbit" chinoshandisa "masimba" pasi pano kuti asvike kuchiedza, ipapo ibve pairi. Pfungwa iyo kureba kubva pasi kusvika kune Zuva zvishoma kudanwa kunonzi perihelion. Afelion ndiyo nzvimbo yebitambo, apo pasi riri kure nemirairo sezvinobvira. Munguva yedu, pfungwa yekutanga inosvika nenyika yakapoteredza musi waJanuary 3, uye wechipiri - musi waJuly 4. Panguva imwecheteyo, pasi rinofamba-famba zuva kwete neruzhinji nguva dzose: mushure mokupfuura nepakati peaphelion, rinokurumidza uye rinonoka, kuputsa perihelion.

Izvo zvishoma kurega kuparadzanisa miviri miviri yekudenga munaJanuary mamiriyoni 147 km, kureba kwakanyanya ndeye mamiriyoni 152 km.

Sputnik

Pamwe pamwechete nePasi, Mwedzi unofamba uchikomberedza Zuva. Kana ichionekwa kubva kumaodzanyemba, nzvimbo inotenderera inotenderera. Kurongeka kwenyika uye kutenderera kweMwedzi kunoratidzwa mumapurani akasiyana. Nzira pakati pavo inenge 5 °. Izvi zvisingatauri zvakanyanya kunoderedza nhamba yemwedzi uye yezuva rinopera. Kana mapurisa emitambo akafanana, imwe yezviitiko izvi zvakaitika kamwechete muvhiki mbiri.

Mhirizhonga yePasi uye kutenderera kweMwedzi zvakarongedzwa nenzira yakadaro iyo zvinhu zvose zvinotenderera zvakapoteredza nzvimbo yakawanda yehukuru nenguva inenge inenge 27.3 mazuva. Panguva imwecheteyo, simba remhepo reSatellite rinononoka kupfurikidza nekufamba kwepasi redu kunotenderera mberi, nekudaro kuwedzera zvishoma nekureba kwezuva.

Migumisiro

Izvozvo zvakasikwa zvepasi redu hazvirevi zvakananga kune ndege yaro. Iri rambo, pamwe chete nesangano rinopoteredza chiedza chinotungamirira kune dzimwe shanduko dzemuzhizha gore rose. Zuva rinokwira pamusoro penharaunda yenyika yedu nenguva apo nheyo yekuchamhembe yenyika inozvipira kune iyo. Zuva riri kupera, kutonhora kuri kuwedzera. Apo nheyo yekuchamhembe inoparadzaniswa kubva kune zuva, kunotonhorera kunotsiviwa nehove inotonhora. Shanduko yakafanana mumamiriro emamiriro ehumwewo maitiro ekumaodzanyemba kwenyika.

Kuchinja kwemwaka kunowanikwa pamakona e-equinox uye solstice iyo inoratidza imwe nzvimbo yenyika inosangana neyendaneti. Regai tigare pamusoro peizvi zvakanyatsoratidzwa.

Zuva refu uye rakapfupika zuva

I-solstice ndiyo nguva yenguva apo disi yeplanyika inowanzoenderera mberi ichienda kumwenje kana kune imwe nzvimbo yakasiyana. Nzira inotenderera yePasi inopoteredza Sun ine zvikamu zviviri zvakadaro. Munharaunda yepakati, nheyo apo chiedza chinoshanduka kuti chive masikati anokwira kumusoro zuva rimwe nerimwe. Izvi zvinopfuurira kusvikira solstice yezhizha, iyo inowira musi waJune 21 kumusoro kwekumusoro hemisphere (zuva rakapfuvura kwazvo). Zvadaro nzvimbo yemasikati inogara yezviedza zvinotanga kuderera kusvika Disemba 21-22. Mazuva ano ari kuchamhembe kwehemisphere kune nguva yechando yekudenga. Mumazuva ekupedzisira mazuva mashoma anouya, uye zvino anotanga kusvika. Munharaunda yekumaodzanyemba kwemaodzanyemba, kutsetseka kweedhiyo kwakatarisana, saka solstice yechando inowira pano muna June, uye solstice yezhizha inowira musi waDecember.

Zuva rakaenzana neusiku

Equinox ndiyo nguva iyo sangano repasi rinova rakananga kune ndege yenzira. Panguva ino, muparadziri, muganhu pakati pekuvhenekera uye hafu yemafu, inopfuura zvakanyanya pamatanda, kureva kuti, zuva rakaenzana neusiku. Panewo humwe humwe pfungwa dzakadaro mumugwagwa. Iyo verino equinox inowira musi waMarch 20, kugoverwa kwekugoverwa kuri musi waSeptember 23. Mazuva aya anoshanda kumativi ekumusoro kwehemisphere. Mukati kumaodzanyemba kufanana nemaSolstices, iyo equinoxes inoshandura nzvimbo: March inofamba, uye munaSeptember - spring.

Ndeipi iri inopisa?

Pasi penderedzwa orbit - zvikamu zvayo pamwe chete nekuda kwei-axis - ine imwezve migumisiro. Panguva iyo nyika inopfuurira pedyo neSuva, South Pole inotarira kune iyo. Mune hemisphere inoenderana nenguva ino, zhizha. Nyika ino panguva yekupfuura perihelion inogamuchira 6.9% mamwe simba kupfuura apo inokunda aphelion. Ichi chikamu chiri kumaodzanyemba kwenyika. Mumwaka, inogamuchira kupisa kwezuva kunopfuura kuchamhembe. Zvisinei, mutsauko uyu hauna kunyanya kukosha, sezvo chikamu chikuru che "mamwe" simba rinowira pamvura inoshandiswa nechekumaodzanyemba kwenyika uye inobatwa nawo.

Tropical and sidereal year

Nguva yekuvandudzwa kwePasi pasi peSuva maererano neyeredzi, sezvatotaurwa, inenge mazuva 365 maawa matanhatu nemaminitsi 9. Gore rakashata. Zvinonzwisisika kufungidzira kuti kuchinja kwemwaka kune chikamu ichi. Zvisinei, izvi hazvisizvo zvakadaro: nguva yekuvandudzwa kwePasi pedo neSuva haina kufanana nenguva yakazara yenguva yekuchinja. Ndiyo inonzi gore rinopisa rinopedza mazuva 365 5 maawa uye 51 maminitsi. Inoyera kakawanda kubva kune rimwe verino equinox kune imwe. Chikonzero chemaminitsi makumi maviri neminomwe pakati pehuwandu hwemaawa maviri ndiwo mutungamiri wepasi.

Gore rekarenda

Kuti zvive nyore, zvinofungidzirwa kuti kune mazuva 365 mugore. Maawa matanhatu nehafu aripo anowanikwa zuva nezuva nokuda kwezvimwe zvinoshanduka zvepasi pasi pezuva. Kubhadhara izvi, uye kuitira kuti kudzivirira kuwedzerwa mutsauko pakati pekarenda uye gore risina nguva, rimwe "zuva" rinotangwa, musi waFebruary 29.

Zvimwe zvinokurudzira pane izvi zvinotenderera imwechete yepasi - Mwedzi. Inoratidzwa, sezvakambotaurwa, mukuderera kwekutenderera kwenyika. Zvose mazana emakore nguva yezuva inowedzera ne1000.

Karenda yeGregory

Nhamba yakawanda yemazuva yakatangwa muna 1582. Karenda yeGregorian, kusiyana nekarenda yeJulian kwenguva yakareba, inobvumira gore re "civil" kuti rienderane nekuzara kwemakore. Maererano naye makore ose mazana mana anonyatsodzokorora mwedzi, mazuva evhiki uye mazuva. Nokuti nguva yegore mukerenda yeGregory iri pedyo zvikuru nekudengenyeka.

Chinangwa chekushandurwa kwaiva kudzorera zuva rechitsiko chakafanana nechinzvimbo chairo - musi waMarch 21. Ichokwadi ndechokuti kubva muzana remakore rokutanga AD kusvika kune gumi nevatanhatu, zuva chaiyo, iyo zuva rakaenzana neusiku, rakasimuka musi waMarch 10. Chikonzero chikuru chekudzokorora kalendari chaive chido chekuverenga zvakajeka zuva reIsita. Kuti uite izvi, zvakakosha kuchengeta musi waMarch 21 masikati, pedyo neenzano chaiyo. Nebasa iri karenda yeGregory inobata zvakanaka. Kuparadzaniswa kwezuva reine equinox vernal kwezuva rimwe hakuzoitiki kusvikira mushure memakore gumi nemazana gumi.

Kana tichienzanisa gore rekarenda uye gore rinopisa, zvinozochinja zvikuru zvinogona kuitika. Somugumisiro wezviitiko zvekufamba kwePasi uye zvinhu zvinokurudzira, makore anenge 3200 achaunganidza kusagadzikana nekushanduka kwemwaka muzuva rimwechete. Kana panguva ino zvichange zvakakosha kuchengetedza kuenzana kwekuenzana kwegore rinopisa uye rakarenda, kuchinja kuchazodiwa zvakare, kufananidzwa kune izvo zvakaitwa muzana remakore rechitanhatu.

Nguva yekuvandudzwa kwePasi pasi pezuva, saizvozvo, inofananidzwa nemanzwiro ekarenda, sidereal uye gore rinopisa. Nzira dzokugadzirisa nguva yavo dzakagadziriswa kubvira kare. Nhamba itsva pamusoro pekubatana kwezvinhu zviri kunze kwechigadziko inoita kuti zvive nyore kuita mafungiro pamusoro pekukosha kwekunzwisisa kwemazuva ano kwezwi rokuti "gore" mumakore maviri, matatu uye gumi gumi. Nguva yeKutenderera kwePasi kwakapoteredza zuva uye kushamwaridzana kwayo nekushandurwa kwemwaka uye kendendende ndiyo muenzaniso wakanaka wekubata kwezvinhu zvepasi rose zvehupenyu hwehupenyu hwomunhu, pamwe nekuderera kwezvinhu zvakasiyana mukati memamiriro ezvinhu epasi rose ezvose.