Quantum processor: tsananguro, musimboti oparesheni

Quantum kadambari, dzinenge dziri dzidziso, kungotaura emakore mashoma. Mhando ano michina dzinoshandisa non-dzenhoroondo hurongwa pakubata vanokwanisa asingaverengeki rakawanda data, zvazova budiriro guru. Maererano Developers, zvichida Implementation wavo chainyanya yakagozha rwokugadzira nokusingaperi zvakasikwa. Quantum processors anoshanda kwevari nyaya iro vanhu kuzivikamwa makore 100 chete apfuura. Zvingakwanisa Masvomhu akadaro iguru. Kushandisa noshamisa quantum ehupfumi achaita rikurumidze Masvomhu, mabasa akawanda zvokuti vari pari dzenhoroondo makombiyuta haagoni mari kugadziriswa. Uye kwete chete mumunda wekemisitiri uye zvinhu nesayenzi. Wall Street ari kuratidza kufarira.

Bhizimisi mune ramangwana

CME Group akaita paakapiwa ari Vancouver kambani 1QB Information Technologies Inc., anovandudza Software nokuti Quantum mhando processors. Maererano makambani, Masvomhu izvi vanowanzova mukuru nezvainoita indasitiri, izvo anoshanda yakawanda tisanzwe Data kusvikira nguva. Muenzaniso vatengi dzakadaro zvemari masangano. Goldman Sachs paakapiwa muna D-Wave Systems, uye boka In-Q-Tel mari ne deginamajai. Wokutanga manufactures michina kuti chii chinonzi "quantum annealing", kureva. E. anoronga low-pamwero Optimization dambudziko vachishandisa quantum processor. Intel chiri kuita bhizimisi mune zvemichina ichi, kunyange zvazvo anoona Implementation Bhizimisi nezveramangwana.

Nei izvozvo?

Chikonzero kuti quantum kadambari zvakadaro zvinofadza, anovata dzavo zvakakwana akabatana muchina pakudzidza. Pari, ndiwo mukuru fomu Masvomhu dzakadaro. Neimwe iri migumisiro yacho pfungwa quantum kombiyuta - kushandisa zano mumuviri kutsvaga mhinduro. Dzimwe pfungwa akatsanangura nomuenzaniso mumutambo Angry Birds. Kuti vatevedzere kubata regiravhiti uye colliding zvinhu CPU hwendefa anoshandisa kwemasvomhu equations. Quantum Processors akaisa nzira iyi pamusoro wayo. Ivo "kanda" imwe shiri shoma, uye murinde chii chinoitika. At microchip zvakanyorwa basa: kwakanyorwa shiri, vanokandira chii Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri trajectory? Ipapo achiongorora zvose dzinobvira, kana kanenge guru kwazvo mubatanidzwa wavo, uye mhinduro inopiwa. Mune quantum kombiyuta zvinetso zviri kugadziriswa kwete yemasvomhu, mitemo wefizikisi basa pachinzvimbo.

Ungazviita sei?

The chikuru Dzokuvaka yedu nyika - the quantum-zvokuimba. Kana kutarira mamorekuru, chikonzero icho zvavari kuumbwa uye kuramba yakatsiga - kubata of Erekitironi orbitals. All quantum-zvemaziso Masvomhu huri nomumwe wavo. nhamba yavo zvakunowedzera exponentially kuwedzera uwandu simulated maerekitironi. Somuenzaniso, 50 maerekitironi kuvapo muna maviri 50-dhigirii mikana. Izvi phenomenally nhamba huru, saka haugoni overenga nhasi. Connection mashoko dzidzisowo wefizikisi kunogona kunongedzera nzira matambudziko akadaro. 50 kubitovnomu kombiyuta anogona kuzviita.

Dawn kwenguva itsva

Maererano Landon Downs, mutungamiri uye co-muvambi 1QBit, quantum processor - zvinokwanisika kushandisa kubudiswa simba subatomic nyika, zvinokosha kuwana zvokuvakisa zvitsva kana kusikwa mishonga chitsva. Pane iya kubva paradigm yakawanikwa kuti kwenguva itsva zvakagadzirwa. Somuenzaniso, quantum kadambari zvinogona kushandiswa zvinoedza catalysts hunoita dzokubvisa kabhoni uye senitrogen kubva muchadenga, uye nokudaro kubatsira kumisa kupisa.

Nechemberi mberi

nenzanga Developers ruzivo urwu rinofarira chaizvo uye takabatikana basa. Zvikwata kupota nyika kutanga kupota, makambani, kumayunivhesiti uye hurumende Labs vari kuvaka panhangemutange motokari, dzinoshandisa nzira yakasiyana kuti quantum mashoko kugadzira. Created qubit superconducting qubits uye chips rakanga rakundwa ions, raisanganisira vatsvakurudzi paYunivhesiti Maryland uye National Institute of Standards uye Technology. Microsoft anovandudza nzira topological inonzi Station Q, chinangwa chiri kushandisa vasiri Abelian anion vane kuvapo haina pachena nekusimba.

Year fungidzira budiriro

Uye ichi ndicho chete kutanga. Pakapera May 2017 nhamba quantum-mhando processors vari inonanga kuita chinhu nokukurumidza kana nani kupfuura dzekare kombiyuta, ndiyo razero. chiitiko ichi uchavamutsira "quantum ukuru", asi zvakadaro kure haisati zvaitika. Kunyange zvazvo zvichida kuti izvi zvinogona kuitika sezvo mangwanani sezvo gore rino. Insiders Most akati kuti Google ndiye kufarira zvakajeka boka, akatungamirirwa muzvinafundo Physics, University of California pana Santa Barbara, John Martin. Its chinangwa - kuzadzisa mukuru kadambari achibatsirwa 49-qubit processor. Pakazopera May 2017 chikwata vakabudirira kuedzwe 22-qubit Chip somunhu zvenguva danho kurutivi dismantling kuti dzekare supercomputer.

Ayakaita?

Pfungwa kushandisa quantum hurongwa mashoko kubudiswa kwemakumi emakore. Mumwe kiyi zviitiko muna 1981, apo IBM uye with anorenda akaronga musangano iri computational wefizikisi. The akakurumbira yefizikisi Richard Feynman zvinganaka kuvaka quantum kombiyuta. Maererano naye, nokuti simulation vanofanira kushandisa nzira quantum Vanamakanika. Uye zvakaoma kwazvo, nekuti haimuoni kutarira nyore kudaro. In quantum processor uchishandisa pfungwa inobva dzinoverengeka vatorwa zvivako kwemaatomu - superposition uye yakatokura. The PARTICIPLE inogona maviri inoti panguva imwe chete. Zvisinei, kana kuyera ichava chete wavo. Uye hazvibviri kufanotaura iyo, kunze nemaonero dzidziso mukana. Izvi ndizvo hwaro pfungwa yetsvakurudzo Schrödinger kuti katsi, riri bhokisi panguva akafa uye mupenyu sokuvapo mucherechedzi hakusi kuti vanoverevedza peep. Hapana anoita muupenyu hwezuva nezuva nenzira iyi. Zvisinei, vanenge mamiriyoni 1 kuedza kuitwa kubva pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, dzinoratidza kuti murwiyo ariko. Uye danho iri yokuzvifungidzira kunze sei kushandisa pfungwa iyi.

Quantum processor: basa tsananguro

Classic matomu angava mutengo 0 kana 1, zvinokwanisika kuti muwande nhamba, swedera mifananidzo uye zvichingodaro. N. Qubit kunogona kuva 0 kana havaoni tambo kuburikidza "masuo pfungwa" (d. AND, OR, KWETE, etc.), 1 kana vaviri. Kana, muti, 2 qubit vanobatwa nokukundwazve zvinoita zvakakwana correlated. kutaipa quantum processor anogona kushandisa pamagedhi zvisingarambiki. T. N. gedhi Hadamard Somuenzaniso, rinoisa qubit vari superposition ezvinhu akakwana. Kana superposition uye yakatokura pamwe akanyepera papi masuo quantum, kuti atange kuitika zvingakwanisa Sub-mabhomba Masvomhu. 2 kubvumira kudzidza qubit 4 inoti: 00, 01, 10 uye 11. The mashandiro nheyo quantum processor zvokuti aurayiwe nomufungo kwacho zvinoita kuti tikwanise kushanda munzvimbo kamwechete. Uye nhamba dziripo inoti ndiyo 2 simba nokuwanda qubits. Saka, kana kuita 50-qubit yezvisikwa quantum kombiyuta, zviri hunonzi zvinogoneka kuongorora zvose 1.125 quadrillion anofambidzana panguva imwe chete.

Kudity

Quantum processor muRussia ona zvishoma zvakasiyana. Masayendisiti kubva MIPT uye Russian quantum centre akasika "kudity" anomiririra akawanda "rakapotsa" qubits ne siyana "simba" nhanho.

amplitude

kutaipa quantum processor ane mukana kuti quantum hurongwa inobva amplitudes. Fungidziro amplitudes akafanana, asi vanogonawo kuva asina kunaka, uye kunzwisisa nhamba. Saka, kana uchida kuverenga ndingangokuvara chiitiko, unogona kuwedzera mhando dzose amplitude yavo pakukura nzira. Pfungwa quantum kadambari ndiko kuedza setup ari kukanganiswa muenzaniso kuitira kuti dzimwe nzira mhinduro zvakaipa akanga zvakanaka amplitude, uye vamwe - akaipa, saka vangadai kudzima mumwe. A nzira inoenda mhinduro yakarurama vaizova amplitudes vari kuyaruka mumwe nomumwe. Wemanomano ndechokuti unofanira kuronga zvose, pasina kuziva pachine chii mhinduro wakarurama. Saka exponential quantum inoti akabatana zvingakwanisa kukanganiswa pakati zvakanaka uye kunaka amplitudes ndiyo mukana kwakadai computation.

Shor kuti algorithm

Kune mabasa akawanda kuti kombiyuta haakwanisi kugadzirisa. Akadai encryption. Chinetso ndechokuti hazvisi nyore kuwana chikuru zvinhu ane 200-digit nhamba. Kunyange kana tablet iri inoyerera-software wakanaka, unogona kumirira kwemakore kuwana mhinduro. Saka, mumwe munhau quantum kadambari wava algorithm rakabudiswa Peter Shore muna 1994, iye zvino ari purofesa wemasvomhu panguva with. Nzira yake iri kuwana zvinhu hombe nhamba pachishandiswa quantum kombiyuta, izvo hakuna zvakadaro. Kutaura zvazviri, algorithm anoita oparesheni, iyo inoratidza nzvimbo pamwe mhinduro yakarurama. Gore rakatevera, Shore akaziva nzira quantum kwokukanganisa kururamiswa. Zvadaro, nevakawanda kuti - imwe nzira nzira kukarukureta, izvo dzimwe nguva kunogona kuva simba. Zvadaro akatevera sefungu mubereko kubva yefizikisi rokusika qubits uye magedhi Kufunga pakati pavo. Zvino, makumi maviri gare gare, vanhu ari kuda rakasikwa munhu dzakazara quantum kombiyuta.