Reserve Karadag muna Crimea. Flora uye Fauna of chengetedza Karadag

Reserve Karadag (kubva Turkic - "Black Mountain") - kupfuura yakaisvonaka kukona Crimea, inova yakakurumbira akawanda vakakokwa Peninsula. MuNzvimbo kwayo kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva chikamu, pakati pamaguta Spa, Koktebel uye Shebetovka (pedo Feodosia), ndiye chete muEurope Geological chinhu, izvo mudzimba chekare yakatotsakatika kuputika.

Karadag chengetedza: Volcano

Kuputika Its kuti zvakaitika makore anopfuura mamiriyoni 120 apfuura, uye vakatevera dzinongoitika pezvakaitwa kwakaita kuti nokuumba yakasiyana kunzwisisa Uri, simba uye nemamwe. Sea Black nemhenderekedzo Karadag anotarisa zvinoshamisa: ikapenya mvura rwebhuruu-yebhuruu, sezvinoita tinted frosting uye nguva dzose anochinja ruvara kubva tekoizi norudo akasvibirira cornflower, kukwikwidzana rwebhuruu yokudenga.

Vanya Gora Karadag: zvishamiso zvokuporesa

Massif Karadaga inoumbwa vertices akawanda whimsical zvitarisiko chakatodzana haripindiki masvingo ne turrets uye shongwe. Shure kwavari pamire domed Mountain Tsvene - the yakakwirira Karadag kukwirira 577 metres. Akafukidzwa huni, nayo rinoumbwa zvinenge zvachose kuti njanji - dombo inoumbwa kuputika dota kuva greenish ruvara. Kare kwaiva pamusoro pegomo rakanga tsvene mwarikadzi kali. Muzana I remakore AD. e. Mountain Holy yaiva nzvimbo yokunamatira mwari-murapi Asclepius.

Muzana XIX remakore ngano vakapararira pakati wechiTatar vakawanda, unova Mountain Mutsvene akanga dzisina kunyorwa zita guva ari mutsvene, kuporesa varwere. Izvo kutenda vaiva wezvishamiso, hazvina kuzivikanwa sei airemekedzwa uye vaMuslim, uye vaKristu. Pedyo manheru evanhu unga ari kuitika kuchengeterwa Karadag akauya kunzvimbo ino zvingoro varwere pamberi usiku akavezwa tambo bvudzi uye zvidimbu zvipfeko, rakasungirirwa navo mapazi pamiti yose ine maonero kuchengeta chirwere panzvimbo ino. Murwere raiiswa pamusoro tombstone akafukidzwa emakwai, uye akasiya husiku. In mukurota waiva Mweya Mutsvene, akadudzira mhaka chirwere, chiratidzo kudare wadhi yake kana akatuma kupora. Practice chishamiso vachirapa aripo kwemazana emakore, anenge kusvikira pakutanga Second World War.

Kubva nemaonero sayenzi anoporesa mano Mutsvene Mountain akatsanangura kubudikidza vaunganidza mugumisiro ino nzvimbo simba geomagnetic simba yakafurira zvakasimba okunze, kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. A sepulchral rakanyorwa (ibwe - megalith) ane accumulator simba, rakaputiswa kumusoro, pamusoro afoot iri chakabiwa, nzvimbo desecrated panguva Soviet nguva. Pari, anoedza kudzosa vakarasika zvinoera.

Karadag dombo

Karadag Nature Reserve, nhoroondo iri fananei tarenda rungano, nemamwe dombo idzodzo, yakaumbwa pasi pokudzora okunze uye akafanana nemhuka noshamisa: A bhiza-Gingerbread, ari sphinx, Ivan Rogue, naDhiyabhorosi Thumb. Yose Category sezvamunoita inomira Ridge Kagarach vane vertices vanonzi King, Queen, paChigaro, Sweet. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo makomo taramuka zvishoma, kudura chiduku Cove pamwe rakamanikana-rimmed mahombekombe, uyewo ndine zita kujairika: Frog, mune ibwe rerubhi, shumba, Border, gororo, Barakhta.

Gate Golden - bhizimisi kadhi Karadag

Rock idzodzo Golden Gate ndiye pakuva Karadag. Mazuva mashoma pagore (pedyo musi kwezuva muchando), kuburikidza paunogona kuyemura kumabvazuva. Zvinozivikanwa kuti gadzira pasuwo Karadag mudzidziso ari manyoro "Eugene Onegin" AS Pushkin, vakafamba munyika Tauris. Gate Golden ane vachiri kechipiri zita - Shaitan-kapu (zvimwe - raDhiyabhorosi Gate). Zvaidavirwa kuti panzvimbo ino pane mugwagwa kugehena. Externally, napasuwo Golden ndivo chematenga, mvura udzamu pasi inova 15 metres, kukwirira kupfuura gungwa - 8 metres, upamhi - 6 mamita. Pane kudavira kuti, chikepe pasi Arch ichi, kuti kukanda mari mudombo (saka iye ainzwika) uye pakarepo kuita chido zvirokwazvo kuti achauya.

Kusiyana of Karadag

Karadag kuchengeterwa (mufananidzo akurukurwa munyaya) rakasiyana nemamwe kwete chete matombo uye makomo asina chimiro, asiwo nemiti uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Ndiyo nzvimbo zhinji pangozi, mashoma uye endemic (inowanikwa pano chete) mhando kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Karadag kuchengeterwa - yakasiyana Biocomplex Crimean ndima iyo, pavanoparidza nzvimbo yakanaka, nyika kujairika dzinongoitika ezvinhu, deposits pamusoro zvisingawanzoitiki zvicherwa, anoshamisa Geological mamiriro, enhoroondo zviitiko zvikuru masayendisiti munyika uyewo vanoda hunhu, vaeni Peninsula uye vashanyi.

Education Karadag Reserve

Imhaka uremu nokushanyira Crimea parera rakaumbwa muna 1979 Karadag Nature Reserve, imwe nzvimbo akafukidza anenge 2,9 zviuru hectares, iyo 809 hectares - Gungwa Black mvura nharaunda. ichi chiyero zvakanga zvakakodzera uye avhima somunhu riwedzere kwokungosimbisa kuchengeteka akakurumbira mamiriro mundima. Unorganized, nezvikara, tourism rava mungozi mineralogical pfuma Karadag, uye akaita zvinhu kukuvara kasvisto - moto - uye fauna of - kushungurudzwa.

Naizvozvo, paumbwe kuchengeterwa - chiyero zvakakodzera, kunyange zvishoma belated: ari pangozi zvikuru mhando huru magora, zviremwaremwa uye dzimwe mhuka kare anyangarika.

Nature Karadag kuchengeterwa akapfuma rudzi uye anomiririrwa zvikamu zvitatu:

• kubva wegungwa kusvika 250 metres - the inowanzorimwa rokufambira, rakasanganiswa musango nemiti;
• kubvira 250 kusvika 450 metres - nemiti yamatondo pubescent memuouki;
• pamusoro mamita 450 - hornbeam uye sessile-nemiouki masango.

In Crimea, pane vanenge 2,400 mhando maruva zvinomera. Uye vanenge hafu yavo zvinowanikwa Karadag. The yose nemiti kuchengeterwa chinosanganisira 2.782 marudzi, zvizhinji zvacho vanobatanidzwa Red Data Books vezvinzvimbo zvakasiyana. Pane miti kuti kurarama pano chete uye kumwe.

Munyika zvedzidzo nyika kwenguva refu pane nharo, hapana kuchengeterwa Karadag gomo Crimea pamwe nehasha vakasiyana inowanzorimwa chikamu Peninsula, wokupedzisira chiyeuchidzo kweGungwa Dema Atlantis - Pontida, kamwe dzaibatanidza kweItari pamwe Turkish Sea Black nemhenderekedzo. Izvi zvisina kunanga anoratidza nzvimbo uye dzinotaurwa chengetedza Karadag. Pontida zvingashandawo chokuita kuti aiyanika nyika Caucasus uye muBalkans: sei mumwe aigona kuoneka pano uye dzikamhara, yemiti yaingowanikwa chete kumatunhu aya.

Karadag chengetedza: Animals

Karadag fauna of muchiswededza rebei kufarira. Izvi norukodzi, ingwe mumhanyi akapinda muna International Red Book. Mhuka vanomirirwa zviremwaremwa zvose zvavo zvakasiyana-siyana. Pakati zvisingawanzoitiki zvipembenene vangazivikanwa Crimean pasi beetles, owlfly, guru flightless hwiza (inowanzorimwa Dybok), akawanda mhando mantis. Unogara ibwe the marten, ari Crimean uye dombo dzvinyu, squirrels, hedgehogs, nondo, nyati musii. Shiri, vanopfuura 200 marudzi, kunyange dendere zvose pano.

Vagari mvura Karadag

Sea Kunokwezva mvura kuchena uye zvakasiyana-siyana pasi (goko dombo, matombo, jecha), izvo zvinoita kupfuma kwakaita benthic invertebrates, kunyanya crustaceans, annelids uye bivalves. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vagari Karadag mvura vanoumba 50-70% vose Sea Black fauna of. Uyewo Karadag Beach kazhinji zvichiita kusangana kuGungwa Black Dolphins. Fishing ukoshi ndivo mussels. Zvinosuruvarisa akanyangarika mumwe hove Sea Black dzemugungwa - oysters. Izvi imhaka kuparadzirwa Sea Black brine - a dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya nedhambakura Far East. Kubva ichi vanotyaira mutori kuwedzera oysters akatambura dzimwe Sea Black bivalves: hombe modiolyus, scallop, polititapes. Zvisinei, iye zvino rapana massively kupararira nemhenderekedzo Karadag, akava kubaya marudzi, uye anoshongwa ayo akanaka zvinobudirira mukakachurwa vashanyi.

Karadag chikara ariko?

Mvura Karadag, maererano yekare ngano, yaigarwa zimhuka romugungwa. Buruka pamusoro nyaya vaRoma, vaGiriki uye Byzantines, zvinoita sokunge chihombe rima-wachena nyoka ine muhombe clawed netsoka dzakapfava, kutyisa muromo, Dziine vashoma mitsara unopinza meno makuru uye kukwanisa kuva kumhanya chaizvo sangano, nyore pezvinenge pangarava. Mugore XVI-XVIII emakore Turkish vezvikepe anoramba inozivisa Sultan kuti nazvo pamwechete nyoka Sea Black. We akamuona, uye wengarava navabati Admiral Fedora Ushakova, anoudza Mambo Nicholas I. Mambo kunyange akatuma pakundopambara kubata chikara, asi iye akanga kubudirira. munhu zai huru kuwanikwa ne drakonoobraznym mudumbu vesivshee 12 makirogiramu.

ngano idzi anotsigirwa muna 1990, apo vabati vehove 3 kure Karadag kuchengeterwa kuti network akakwevera akakuvadza nomuviri Dolphin. Kutonga nezvinooneka nokuruma upamhi muromo chikara paiva meter, uye meno - 4-5 masendimita. Akaona catcher akakanda vehove nokutya. Muna 1991, wokupedzisira regore muenzaniso akadzokorora pachayo iri pomumbure panenge chete nzvimbo vakabata mumwe Dolphin pamwe kukuvara zvakafanana.

Karadag muenzi Peninsula

Karadag Nature Reserve rakakamurwa zones: rakavhurika - nokuti vashanyi, uyewo yakachengeteka - zvachose kudzivirirwa. Vashanyi kuuya pano nomufaro, muzvarirwo miziyamu akavhura Dolphinarium uye Aquarium, kuitwa chikepe nzendo, excursions kune zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza nzira uye yakagadzirwa migwagwa kufukidza chinofadza zvikuru zvikamu chengetedza; Kunyange zvakadaro, havana kudzivirirwa zvakananga nechisimba.

Karadag Biological Station uye Reserve aigara zvakaverengwa nemiti uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, kuitisa kwazvo tsvakurudzo, kudzidza benthic fauna of uye zvomumvura plankton. Pahwaro ari kuchengeterwa kupfuura tsika vadzidzi Geological uye zvipenyu mano ose masangano akawanda edzidzo.