Rirambe richibvira - nayo ... ropa capillaries. capillaries mabasa

Chero muviri mhenyu hahugoni kuvapo uye kuva pasina okisijeni uye zvinovaka muviri. Okisijeni achipinda mumapapu kubva zvakatipoteredza, anoparadzira yose muviri kweropa hurongwa, ine asi kunzwisisa chivakwa. Kufamba kweropa inopiwa mhango sepombi - arteries, arterioles, precapillaries, capillaries postcapillaries, mutsinga, venules uye arterioles-venous anastomoses. Carbon dioxide nezvimwe tsvina kuti muviri dziri kubviswa muviri kuburikidza midziyo iyi. The zvakawanda zvavari kubviswa mwoyo, simba ravo branching madiki vavo.

Capillaries: tsanangudzo

Kana tsinga uye Vienna, ukuwo, akatakura ropa kubva mumwoyo, uye kuti iye, ndizvo midziyo kukuru, capillaries - iri namano kweropa chubhu ine dhayamita pamusoro 5-10 microns. Uye sezvo mutsinga uye arteries, sezvo chete kuburikidza chokuendesa zvinovaka muviri kune masero kuti havabatanidzwi gasi Exchange pezvakaitwa pakati pavo uye neropa, mashandiro yaakapa capillaries. The Rondedzero yokutanga ndezvaJehovha musayendisiti Italian M. Malpighi, uyo muna 1661 akavapa tsanangudzo kubatana pakati arterial uye venous nemidziyo. Pamberi pake, William Harvey akafanotaura nezvokuvapo kwavo.

Marongerwo kukura capillaries

Izvi midziyo duku vane ndezvomuzana zvakaenzana diameters dzakasiyana nhengo. The yakakura wavo kusvika lumen pamusoro microns 30, uye yakamanikana zvikuru - 5 microns. Zviri nyore kuona kuti zvakawanda ropa capillaries pamusoro zvikamu mhiri lumen munhu chubhu mudungwe vanoverengeka akaturikidzana masero endothelial, nepo chiduku pakakoromoka rukoko achiumbwa masero imwe chete kana mbiri. Ngarava dzakadaro dzakaonda dziri mune tsandanyama, kuva striated chimiro, uye sezvo dhayamita zvavo ipfupi masero matsvuku eropa, ekupedzisira apo achipfuura rakamanikana dzeropa kusangana kwemisha deformation.

The rirambe richibvira - nhete chubhu kuitira kuti rusvingo rwaro chinosanganisira endothelial masero nomumwe vari pedyo vachionana mumwe, haana tsandanyama rukoko uye saka haisi kukwanisa shure. kazhinji rirambe richibvira samambure rine ropa, 25 chete% remabhuku iwayo, izvo zvinogona kukodzera mariri. Asi nokuchinja Mavhoriyamu izvi zvinogona kuwanika kana kuzvidzora mashandiro, apo kumeso tsandanyama masero vakasununguka.

Rirambe richibvira mubhedha, venules, arterioles

Blood kuyerera inoendeswa mwoyo kuburikidza midziyo huru, izvo zvinoumba tsinga. Capillaries nomunyika ropa mutsinga venules - duku seboka zvinoriumba. Ivo achiumbwa chaiyo munzvimbo rirambe richibvira kubatana, inonzi rirambe richibvira mubhedha, uye batanidza kuva tsinga.

Kushanda sezvo rimwe Unit, rirambe richibvira mubhedha chengetedza yomunharaunda romugove ropa, iro rinenge zvinodiwa vakasangana zvinokosha muviri. Ngarava yakatakura ropa pamwoyo, so ive tsinga. Rirambe richibvira anogamuchira ropa kubva tsinga kuburikidza arteriole - duku kupfuura, ngarava.

Arterioles mu kweropa ino anoteverwa capillaries. In munda arteriolar branching capillaries vari pamasvingo tsinga dziri zvindori zvakajeka tsandanyama masero akataurwa uye mashandiro ari sphincter. Ivo masero ropa riyerere mumidziyo capillaries. Kazhinji rakavhurika chete chiduku chikamu sphincters, inonzi precapillary. Saka ropa anogona iyerere panguva ino kwete kuburikidza migero yose iripo.

A maitiro chepfungwa kweropa iri rirambe richibvira mubhedha nzvimbo ndechokuti pane vaingoerekana kutandara zvinogara nguva nenguva uye kuderedza kumeso tsandanyama dzomuviri kuti vakombe uye precapillaries arterioles. Kunoitawo kuti kusika rakatumbuka, inoratidza chokubuda ropa kuburikidza richikurukura capillaries.

Mashandiro anoita rirambe richibvira endothelial

rirambe richibvira endothelium ane permeability zvakakwanira mukutsinhana pakati ropa uye nyama dzomuviri mhando akasiyana zvinhu. Saka chii chinoita kuti capillaries, ndiko kutapurirana zvinovaka muviri uye metabolic zvigadzirwa.

Water uye zvinhu ichiputswa mairi, dzinowanzoona nyore apfuure mudziyo Rusvingo vose kumativi. Asi panguva imwe mapuroteni uye masero eropa kuramba mukati capillaries. Akaumba muupenyu kwacho zvigadzirwa uyewo ichipfuura ropa chipingamupinyi uchatamisa navo nzvimbo excretion kubva mumuviri. Saka rirambe richibvira - chimwe chinokosha nyama yose muviri, dzikaumba zvakadzama vascular network, interconnected pamwe noukama nevanhu muchitokisi zvivako. chikuru basa ravo kupa zvose zvinhu hurongwa, zvakakodzera kuti zvakajairika inoshanda, uye kubviswa tsvina zvinhu.

Apo neapo samolecular kwemavara ringave huru kuti diffuse mhiri masero endothelial. Muchiitiko chino, kutamira kwavari anoshandiswa kana kubatwa pezvakaitwa - endocytosis kana Fusion - exocytosis. In anogumbura pezvakaitwa mumuviri kuti capillaries, ndiko chikamu masoja norudaviro mashandiro. Panguva iyoyo pasi endothelial pamusoro ane Kanotokonya mamorekuru, izvo Usanonoka masoja masero uye kuvabatsira kuenda pane nzvimbo chirwere kana zvimwe kukuvadzwa mune extravascular nzvimbo.

Mumwe rirambe richibvira - chimwe chikamu guru samambure kuti anopa ropa riyerere kuti nhengo dzose. Saka chikuru muviri zvikuru zvakawanda rirambe richibvira Network. The yepamusoro basa masero ari muviri, zvikuru nhamba midziyo duku kunodiwa kutsigira zvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvinhu.

kufamba kweropa kuburikidza rirambe richibvira Network

Ropa iri raishandiswa kweropa ezvinhu, kwete chete nokuti kumanikidzwa vakasikwa arteries nokuda tichishingaira mutinhimira marwadzo ose arterial masvingo, asi kubudikidza yezviri marwadzo uye kuwedzera rirambe richibvira. capillaries ropa achiri kunonoka chokubuda ropa, kumhanya izvo zvisiri kupfuura 0.5 mm por wechipiri. Izvi zvakaratidza vakawanda zvaanorumbidza iyi muitiro. Panguva iyo marwadzo uye kuwedzera midziyo duku kunogona kusvika 70% of dhayamita yacho lumen. Physiologists anokwanisa kusunga chikamu ichi adventitial kushanda zvinhu izvo pamwe midziyo ropa uye capillaries anotsanangurwa chaiwo masero vanokwanisa unyana.

Zvinonzi zvakare vaifungidzira kuti pachavo endothelial rirambe richibvira masvingo vane imwe elasticity uye contractility zvinobvira uye anogona kuchinja kukura lumen. Vamwe vanachiremba vanoti kuti vakanga vamboona kwenguva pfupi rutapudzo masero endothelial munzvimbo idzodzo musine masero adventitious. Pathological ezvinhu akadai kwazvo kutsva, kana kuvhunduka kunogona kukonzera dilation pakati capillaries ndiyo ka3 kupfuura dzose. Pano, somunhu mutemo, pane chinokosha kuderera mwero ropa kuyerera, iyo inoita kuti kuunganidza ari rirambe richibvira mubhedha panzvimbo kukuvara. Compression of capillaries uyewo kunotungamirira vasanyanye ropa riyerere velocity mavari.

mhando nhatu capillaries

Kuramba capillaries vaya umo muchitokisi-sero junctions vari batana chaizvo. Izvi zvinobvumira nokuti diffusion ose mamorekuru diki uye ions.

Chimwe vorudzii capillaries - fenestirovannye. masvingo dzavo Anopiwa lumen nokuda diffusion kurei mamorekuru kana zvavo yeimwe. capillaries kwakadaro dziri muna kwemakemikari anobudiswa omumuviri, ura dzimwe nhengo, iyo rinoitwa ane ndichibvunza kupanana zvinhu pakati ropa uye nyama.

Sinusoidal - capillaries yakadaro, rusvingo iyo akasiyana marongerwo uye makuru variability yomunyika lumens. Ivo anowanika nhengo iwayo kusina kumusoro, hwezuva marudzi.

vascular matambudziko

Arteries, mutsinga, capillaries - hazvina zvakakwana kudzivirirwa kubva zvezvakatipoteredza zvinofurira uye kazhinji pasi kukuvara. Zvikurukuru vanotambura sendarama midziyo muviri ropa. The capillaries kunge vashomashoma kuitira kuyambukira masero chete nemvura chinoumba ropa, pane rworudyi, uye denser nokuparadzanisa. Naizvozvo, izvi midziyo dzakanakisisa, endothelial kusunungura rusvingo kuburikidza iyo diffusion pezvakaitwa kuitika zvinhu. Chaizvoizvo zvavari ine vashomanana muchitokisi akaturikidzana, uye anoita kuti haungatani kuputsika.

Capillaries hauna sezvo mutsinga uye arteries, runodzivirira. Saka, havana kudzivirirwa Kufurirwa nevamwe uye kubva kukuvara kubudikidza zvinhu kuti Vanotakura pamwe neropa. Nokuti chero zvakakanganiswa kana nezvirwere midziyo ropa vanotanga sei. Kana izvi apo capillaries dzinoputika uye kukuvaradzwa, vanotadza kuzadzikisa zvikuru inotonhorera chinja chaitika. Panyaya iyi, sero isingaswederi kubva mudziyo pamwe yakakuvara rusvingo, tava kuderera basa ravo uye kufa. Uye kana ropa rive riri kwakakanganiswa mu yose nhengo kana nhengo hurongwa, vanotanga hombe muchitokisi rufu nokuda kushayiwa zvinodiwa zvokurarama nazvo zvavo. Saka, mumuviri kutanga kukudziridza chirwere, mumwe iro rakatanga kukuvara capillaries.

Mugirazi

Kakawanda, kutarisa kuratidzwa kwake mugirazi, unogona kuona chiso une hungiso duku - red capillaries, izvo haana kurarama asati. Vazhinji vanotya, ndichivatakura chimiro zviratidzo zvirwere ngozi. Maererano nenhamba, 80% vemo vari kuchinja kwakadaro, kana dilated capillaries zvava kuonekwa kuburikidza ganda. Chokutanga, izvi zvinoratidza kuti chakaipa kushanda midziyo akavhuniwa. Kunyange zvazvo pachakwo kuwedzera kukuvadza zvikuru hutano capillaries zvikasashanda, zvinogona achiipa kuti chitarisiko. Vascular yepasi pachiso - pakati rosacea - ndiwo nokuratidzwa chirwere, dariro racho rakanyatsojeka chisingakuvadzi, asi tiri zviratidzo nezvematambudziko mumuviri.

chirwere zvigadziriswe

Chokutanga, pane kuwedzera uye nenzvimbo mudziyo zvokuti dzinotanga kupenya kubudikidza ganda uye anova chinooneka. Kakawanda, chiitiko ichi inogona kuchengetwa pachiso kana paganda maoko netsoka. Zvadaro wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose connective zvinyama ganda, uye ropa midziyo iri pasi ndokusimudza wana tuberosity uye unyatsova dzinooneka. The ngozi pano ndechokuti rive dete uye vachinetesa rirambe richibvira masvingo pachavo, uye izvi zvingaita kuti atsamwira yavo. Uye kana capillaries vakanga dzinoputika, zvakakodzera kutora matanho kwete chete kubvisa zvizorwa kuremara, asi kuti kuziva uye kurapa pathologies, vaiva chikonzero vascular kukuvara.

Zvinokonzera pathologies capillaries

Kutyorwa kuri microcirculation zvinogona kukonzerwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Chokutanga, pano inofanira kusanganisira cheBP uye zera inoshanduka nemidziyo. saka kuparadza avo chinokonzera kukwegura wapasi muviri. Various ganda kuzvimba, sunbathing kushungurudzwa, zvikuru hypothermia zvinotungamirira kutyorwa kuvimbika rirambe richibvira rusvingo.

Kubvuma zvimwe hormone yomuchipatara kuti vane vakazorora kwakabatsira midziyo ropa, zvichiita kuti chokuwedzera uye kukuvadza. Panguva iyoyowo zvingakanganiswa munzvimbo huru uye kutanga matambudziko. zvokurwara kwakadaro kunogona kuitika kana rirambe richibvira hormone mutsaona muviri, akadai pamuviri, kubvisa pamuviri kana pashure yokusununguka. Zvirwere pechiropa, nenyonganiso rimwe ropa coagulation kana venous water drainage kuva chikonzero kuparadzwa capillaries. The rinokosha reDare magene kubatwa panyaya iyi.

Dilated capillaries ari mwana

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mutete ropa mudziyo matambudziko kundinetsa chete vakura. Asiwo chinoitika kuti dilated capillaries musiwa chiso chomwana. The zvinokonzera zvingava kuchinja kwemakemikari omuviri, nhodzera kana okunze kukanganisa kusimba ganda wemwana. Kazhinji, zvinetso izvi vaende voga sezvavanokura mwana akura. Asi kuti tizive njodzi zvikuru pathologies, vabereki vanofanira kutanga dermatologist, uyo Uchasarudza kudiwa kunorapwa, kana kuisa nguva chiitiko ichi.