Ropa kuongorora: kududzira kweLYM muvana (chimiro, kupotsa)

Nekuuya kwemwana mumhuri, vabereki vane nguva yakaisvonaka uye isingakanganwiki. Kunyemwerera kwekutanga, shoko rokutanga, matanho ekutanga. Zvose izvi zvinobudirira zvemucheche ndizvo zvinonyanya kukosha kuvabereki vake. Amai nababa vanoedza kupa mwana wavo chete zvakanakisisa uye vanozvidzivirira kubva pamarudzi ose ematambudziko. Asi, pasinei nokuchengetedza zvinyoro uye kwakangwarira, mwana wacho anotowedzera kurwara.

Chii chinodzivirira mwana kubva pane zvirwere?

Kupinda munyika ino kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kuchena echibereko chaamai, mwana anosangana nenyika dzakawanda dzezvipembenene.

Kuzivana kwake nevamiriri vashoma vemafomu ehupenyu kunotanga nekugomera kokutanga. Pamusoro pehupenyu husina kuchena hwemucheche, imwe neimwe ye microorganism inotyisa. Asi, neruremekedzo, zvisikwa zvakachengetedza kuva munhu asingagoni kudzivirirwa, zvichimupa mukana wekudzivirirwa nesimba - chitachiona. Kusununguka kwechechecheche kunobva kuna amai vake. Ndiamai vanogona kupa kudzivirirwa kwakasimba mumuviri wemwana pamwechete nematonho okutanga emukaka. Nokudaro akave nemuviri nemasikirwo echisikigo, uye yakanakisisa haigoni kutanga kana kutanga.

Asi mwana wacho haakwanisi kurwisa zvisikwa zvose zvinowanzoitika munzira yake yeupenyu. Somugumisiro wemusangano wakadaro - kubuda kwezvirwere. Kana mwana ane zviratidzo zvechirwere, tinokurumidzira kutendeukira kumuongorori wevana. Sezvo wakanyatsoongorora mwana wako, chiremba mufananidzo wakazara achakurudzira kupa ropa kuti uongorore.

Ndezvipi zvingareva kuongorora ropa?

Kuwedzerwa ropa rakawanda kunogona kutaura zvakawanda nezvehupenyu hwemamiriro emwana panguva ino. Ropa kuongorora, kunyorwa, LYM - ose aya mazano anokosha kune chiremba. Nechiratidzo ichi chiremba anogona kutonga mamiriro ekudzivirirwa kwemwana wako.

Ko kuongorora kweropa kunoti, LYM, chii ichocho uye chii chinodiwa? Saka, iwe une pepa rine zviratidzo zvizhinji uye nhamba dzisinganzwisisiki kune munhu akawandisa. Muongorori wezvokurapa chete ndiye anogona kutarisana navo. Asi chimwe chinhu chinonzwisiswa musimba romunhu asina dzidzo yakadzidza. Somuenzaniso, chii chinonzi LYM? Kuongororwa kweropa, kududzirwa kwaro kunopiwa pasi apa, kunobatsira kunzwisisa zvinorema zvemashoko ekurapa.

Kazhinji, muhizha rine migumisiro yekuongororwa kwakazara kweropa, pfungwa dzinotevera dzinotevera:

• Hb - hemoglobin. Ichi chiratidzo chinoratidza zviripo zveproteine chaiyo muropa, iyo inotakura oksijeni mumuviri womunhu.
• Ht ndiyo hematocrit. Kukosha kwechiratidzo ichi kunoratidza kuenzanisa kwezvinhu zvinopa ropa ku plasma.
• RBC - masero matsvuku eropa. Iyi nzvimbo yakabatana zvikuru nehuwandu hweHemoglobin, sezvo iri masero matsvuku eropa - masero matsvuku eropa - anotakura ipuroteni inokosha.
• CPU - chiratidzo chemavara. Inoratidza chiyero che hemoglobin kusvika kuhamba ye erythrocytes.
• WBC - leukocytes. Iyi nzvimbo inotaura nezvehupenyu hwemitumbi yakakosha inopesana nekupikisa mhuka kune zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.
• NEU - neutrophils. Ichi chiratidzo chinopa ruzivo pamusoro pemasero evanhu vasina simba, avo vane basa rekugadzirisa uye kusagadzirisa zvinyorwa zvedzimwe nyika nezvitunha.
• EOS - eosinophils. Aya masero anomiririra kusagadzikana kwevanhu kusinganzwisisiki , izvo zvinoratidzika mumararamiro ekurwara uye zvirwere zvinorwara.
• LYM - lymphocytes. Izvi zvinorondedzera mamiriro ehutachiona uye hunoita zvirwere zvinoputika mumuviri womunhu. Kune unyanzvi uyo anoongorora kuongorora ropa, IYL transcript inonyatsodzidzisa.
• PLT - maplatelet. Izvo zvikamu zvakasikwa zvakagadzirwa zvinokonzerwa ne coagulability yeropa uye adsorb pane zvakasara zvemashandisirwo emagunisi emunyika.
• ESR - kuparadza kwemafuta eerythrocyte. Kukosha kwechiratidzo ichi kunoudza chiremba nezvekuvapo mumuviri wezvokuvhiringidza kana zvimwe zvirwere zvinorwara.

Mukuwedzera kune zvikwangwani izvi, hutsika chaiyo uye hukuru hunotenderwa hunoonekwa. Ndizvo zvinotarisirwa nehutachiwana ropa. Kugadziriswa kweLYM muvana kunoitwa maererano nezera remwana. Zviratidzo zvinowanzochinja kana mwana wako achikura.

Chii chinonzi lymphocytes?

Chii chisinganzwisisiki tsanangudzo LYM inotiudza? Kuongororwa kweropa, kudhindwa kwaunenge watoziva, kunoratidza zviri muropa muropa rezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana - lymphocytes.

Lymphocytes inoumbwa zvikamu zveropa, izvo zvikamu zvehutachiona hwevanhu . Iri boka reagranulocytes, rimwe remhando dzakasiyana dzemasero machena eropa, ayo anonzi "masero eropa." Zvinangwa zve lymphocytes zvinosanganisira nzvimbo dzinotevera:

• Kugadziriswa kwehutachiona hwemasorasi kana kugadzirwa kwezvirwere.
• Kubatana neakakuvara masero. Izvi zvinopa hutachiona pamasero emasero.
• Mabasa ekugadzirisa masero emamwe marudzi.

Kazhinji, lymphocyte inowanikwa muvana ndeye 30 - 70% (zvichienderana nezera). Asi ropa rinenge risina 2% yeeukocyte yose, sezvo mamwe ose akapararira mumuviri wose uye ari mumatumbu. Pakuongorora ropa, chiremba anotonga kuenzana kwehutachiona hwemaricho mumutumbi. Kwaari, kukosha kweRY (ropa count) inokosha. Decoding (zvinowanzoonekwawo ipapo) ichakuudza zvose. Mamiriro ayo iyo nhamba yavo inodarika chimiro, inonzi lymphocytosis. Kana zvinyorwa zviri pasi pemiganhu, zvino inonzi leukopenia.

Chimwe chinhu chakasiyana-siyana che leukocyte ndiyo kukwanisa kuona maantigen. Lymphocytes inoumbwa munhengo dzinotevera dzomuviri womunhu: toni, lymph nodes, spleen, peyer's patches, bone marrow uye appendix. Mune imwe nzvimbo yezororo, lymphocytes maduku masero ane ruvara rwemavara ane ruvara. Iyo nucleus ine chinyorwa chikuru che chromatin uye mashomanana e cytoplasm ane mitochondria, iyo yakasiyana nenzira. Kana tikaita morphology ye lymphocytes, tinogona kusiyanisa marudzi maviri:

• Mamwe masero emhando yegranular (kazhinji NK masero, kazhinji - immunoblasts uye lymphoblasts mumamiriro ekuparadzanisa).
• Masero maduku (T uye B lymphocytes).

Kubva pamabasa ayo lymphocytes anoita mumuviri, anogoverwa kuva zvitatu zvikuru: B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes uye NK-lymphocytes.

B-lymphocytes

B-lymphocytes masero anokwanisa kuona zvivako zvisina kunaka kana maantigen. Mukupindura, vanobudisa miviri yakakura yemapuroteni chaiwo - masimba evanhu.

Mune maitiro eB-lymphocytes, anenge 10-20% emasero ose akajeka anoshandurwa. Ihwo hunoshamisa hwezvivako izvi ndeyekuyeuka kusangana nemumwe mutengesi, kuva hutachiona, bhakitiriya kana kemikiramu, pamwe nekugadzirwa kwemaitiro akasiyana-siyana ekusava neutongerwo. Kunyange zvazvo aya masero ari mupenyu, anochengetedza chiyeuchidzo ichi chakawana. Vanokwanisawo kutumira mashoko aya kune B-lymphocytes idzva. Ndiko kumasero aya anokwanisa kuita zvinobudirira chirongwa chekudzivirira.

T-lymphocytes

T-lymphocytes ndeyezvigadziriswa zvekuchengetedza muviri. Zvine zvinyorwa muropa - 60-85% yehuwandu huwandu hwemarikirini. Mushure mokuedzwa kweropa, shanduro yeLYM icharatidza chaizvoizvo rudzi urwu rwe lymphocytes. Vakatungamiri veboka iri rezvikwata zvinopinda mu thymus gland kana thymus, iyo nzira yekuchera kwavo inoitika. Ndokusaka vaine zita rokuti T-lymphocytes. Aya masero akaparadzana muzvidimbu zvakasiyana:

• T-lymphocytes inotakura CD4 marker. Vanopinda mumutemo wehutano hwekuparadzaniswa kweB-lymphocytes uye kugadzirwa kwezvirwere.
• T-lymphocytes, vatakuri veCD marker. Iyi miviri inouya kusabatana ne phagocytes uye inovabatsira kuti vasayanise masero e microbes. Mapoka maviri evatakuri veCD4 marker akabatana mukirasi yeT-vabatsiri.
• T-suppressors vanogona kupedza simba rekudzivirira zvirwere zvemuviri kana chetotoxic chiito kune antigens, kana nekusunungurwa kwemaktokines, kana kupa chiratidzo chekusateerera mitemo.
• T-lymphocytes inotakura CD8 marker, inonzi T-muurayi. Aya masero anokwanisa kuziva uye kuparadza zvivako zvine utachiona uye mamwe maitiro emishonga inonzi intracellular.

Idzidziso huru dzeT-lymphocytes mumuviri womunhu ndezvekuti:

• Kukurudzirwa kweB-lymphocytes yekupararira nekusiyanisa.
• Simba rekudzivirira zvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira.
• Antigenic chaiyo yeT-vabatsiri uye T-muurayi.

NK-lymphocytes

NK - lymphocytes inotakura basa rekutaridzika kwakanaka kwemasero ose ari mumuviri womunhu. Ivo vanoverenga 5-20% yevymphocyte yose.

Kuziva kuparadzaniswa kubva pane zvinowanikwa muchitokisi, iyo NK - lymphocyte inogona kuiparadza. Mutsara NK inomiririra "Muurayi weMutumbi", unoratidza kuti izvi masero emaitiro anobata sei. Sezvo pave kuonekwa pachitokisi chiratidzo chekusagadzikana, NK - lymphocyte inopedza, ichipa tsananguro yezvinyorwa mumuviri womunhu. Chiito chayo chinonyanya chinangwa mukurwisa kenza uye masero akachinjwa nemavirusi.

Saka, iyo inowanikwa kuongerwa ropa (kujekesa LYM) ichaudza chiremba nezvekuti mwana wacho ane chirwere chemazuva ano chema lymphocyte. Panguva ino, munhu anogona kutaura nezvezvakagadzirwa, kuwedzera kana kuderera kwehuwandu hwemasero aya muropa. Izvo zvinowanikwa zvinokonzerwa ne lymphocytes zvinoratidzwa mutafura.

Tafura ye normalized lymphocyte zvinyorwa

Icho chinonyanya kudzidzisa kuongororwa kwechiratidzo ichi ndechekuongorora ropa rose (decoding LYM LY). Lymphocytes (zviratidzo zvinowanikwa zvakaenzaniswa nezvinoitika) zvichareva nezvekuwedzera kana kuderera kwehupenyu hwezvinhu izvi muropa.

Kuwedzera kwechirwere chechiremera (lymphocytosis)

Kune marudzi maviri e-lymphocytosis:

• Iko kuwedzera kwema-lymphocytes muropa kunongotaura chete nezvekuwedzera kwezana rekupedzisira muhuwandu hwemaukocyte. Nhamba yose ye lymphocytes haina kuwedzera. Kuyera ropa (kududzira LYM) kucharatidza nhamba yavo. Relative leukocytosis inofanirwa nehupidhi, furuwenza, Birmer's anemia, zvisingaverengeki maitiro e splenomegaly, aleukia, endocrine zvirwere (Addison's uye Graves 'chirwere), mamwe maitiro avitaminosis, kupera mumuviri, dystrophy, chimiro mushure mekudzivirira kuvhara uye kupora mushure mekurwadziwa kwakanyanya.
• Kuwedzera kusina kwemaitiro emakirinikiti kune chimiro chechirwere chisingaperi uye chinonyangadza, kupindira mushure mekudzivirira kwechirwere cheAdrenaline, chirwere chechirwere chepachifu, chifukidziro chinoputika (pamwe chete neukocytotosis), chironda chemaronda, chironda chepachifu, lymphatic leukemia.

Yakapedzerwa nenyaya ye lymphocytes (lymphopenia)

Lymphopenia kana lymphocytopenia inogonawo kuva yemhando mbiri:

• Relative lymphopenia, inowanikwa mumatambudziko akawanda, inoratidzwa mukuderera kweperesenti ye lymphocytes murasiyoteti. Muchiitiko ichi, nhamba yakakwana ye lymphocytes inogona kuva yakakosha kana yakakwirira. Ichi chiitiko chinowanzoitwa leukemia myelosis, neutrophilic leukocytosis (sepsis, croupous pneumonia).
• Absolute leukopenia haigoni. Izvo zvinowanikwa kune zvirwere zvakanyanya zvinopararira zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, nokuda kwechirwere chakaoma, masero, sarcoma, chirwere chetachiona chemakirini ane nhengo, kenza. LYM (yakawanda kuongorora ropa, kududzirwa kwezviratidzo zvose) inofanira kuzivikanwa kune vadzidzisi vekuongororwa uye kuongorora zvakare murwere.

Ndeapi nyanzvi yevanyanzvi inodiwa kuti vataure?

Kuti uone uye uone nzira yekutsauka kwehuwandu hweiyocytoti kubva pane zvakasarudzwa, kunyatsorongororwa kunoda kubvunzurudzwa kwehematologist, phthisiatrist uye venereologist. Kunyatsodzidzisa kune vanyori, ruzivo rwekuyera ropa Kuraira LYM (kuwedzerwa kana kuderedzwa) kunobatsira kuita zvakakodzera kuongororwa. Nekuongorora kwakakwana uye kurapwa kwemazuva ano kunyanzvi, kune nguva dzose mukana wekugadzirisa zvakakwana murwere.