Ruregero - chinhu Protection

Munguva yekare rechiGiriki rokuti "apologia" - chikonzero uye hapana zvakawanda. Kana izwi akatanga kushandiswa mutemo Greek, zvasvika kureva kuzvidzivirira kutaura, hwakataurwa mudare. Gare gare, zvinhu zvose kuti aigona kuva kudzivirira nokupomera uye kurwiswa, tsamba kana chinyorwa pakuzivikanwa se ruregerero.

metamorphosis izwi

Zviri pachena, vanoshingaira vamiriri, vachirumbidza unhu hwakanaka nemhosva yake, uye mazuva ano ari izwi rinoshandiswa kureva partisan kudzivirira kana kuti kunyanya kurumbidza. Nokufamba kwenguva, shoko rokuti "apologia" zvavo varasikirwa pakutanga zvichinje uye vawana anoreva zvakafanana zvakadai pokukwidziridzwa kwayo, uye kunyange zahvalivanie alliluyschina, asi anongoti rizere runonyengera. Zvinosuwisa, zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kuti kudzivirira Fungidziro kwakadaro kwakaitika nguva dzose, kubvira panguva yakare kusvikira nhasi.

Self-kudzivirira Socrates

Stories anozivikanwa chokwadi kuti kushandisa ichi izwi iri yechokwadi mupfungwa - sechikonzero. Muchiitiko chino, ruregerero - zviri zvitatu inozivikanwa mukutaura Socrates, inotaurwa naye mugore 399 BC pamusoro dare, apo chaaipomerwa zvose vanofa zvivi, zvakazoita kuti mutongo rufu akapiwa pasi. Socrates, anonzi muzivi wokutanga, aiva vakurumidze murume. Vazhinji vanonzi nyanzvi Greece yekare havana kunzwisisa iye zvino, nokuziva ukuru hwake anovengwa. Yakanyarara chibhende zvamarudzi pakukurukurirana avapinza manyemwe. Chaaipomerwa hanya nezvisina kururama uye vanokanganisa vechidiki avo maonero. Uyewo Kudada vachizvipa uye kuratidza kubvisa erudition. Kunyange ndeye Socrates famously kuti chete anoziva kuti anoziva chinhu. Uye mutsara uyu haasi nhema pejorative. Zviri mutsara chokwadi chokuti nyika magumo ruzivo uye kunzwisisa kwake munhu, kunyange somuzivi zvavasingakwanisi.

irritant chiremera

Paitongwa, muzivi huru hamuna kukumbira tsitsi, vakaita manyawi, zvakadzikama uye akaramba vose mhosva, vakanga kunyora nezvavo, hakusi kwechokwadi uye musoro. Atadza zvakakwana kupikisana Socrates, akasarudza kutsakatisa. Akafa ari mujeri kubva muchetura. Akaramba kwakajeka dzakatevedzana kuvadzidzi uye vateveri, kusanganisira kunozivikanwa Plato. "Apology" - mumwe tanga pamabasa ake, zvisina kunyorwa muchimiro nhaurirano. Aiva nemakore 30 muduku kupfuura mudzidzisi , uye vakamunamata. Vaneshungu kumupomera basa umo Plato anodana foshoro foshoro, zvinoratidza zvakakwana jerk, mediocrity uye kusaita zvinhu nomazvo Vachuchisi - paMireto, Anita, Likoni.

Vakakodzera kurambwa mudzidzi

Zita zvakarurama acho, rakanyorwa Plato ichangopera kutongwa (396 BC), yainzi "Apology yaSocrates". Muchidimbu inogona kurondedzerwa se chido kupembedza mhosva uye kuchengetedza mudzidzisi mukuru zvaaipomerwa zvenhema. Iye anotaura parses kutaura, Socrates akati pamusoro dare, vabvuma kuti akadaro muzivi kukuru. Ndiwo rokutanga hwakawanda huripo muMagwaro Plato. Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti hapana mhosva kutaura isimo, asi magwaro nedanho zvapupu zviri pachena kuti haana kupiwa chero kuteerera chokwadi uye akakodzera ose kurwisa kwakanga kusina pakwakavakirwa kana kwokunyepedzera.

imwe sainzi

Asi pane dzimwe zvinorehwa neshoko. kushandiswa Yakapararira nayo aakapiwa chitendero, kunyanya chiKristu. Zvinozivikanwa kuti kudavira izvi zvakaoma kutaura uye zvakatora yakawanda accession yevanhu vakaurayiwa uye nevanozvitsigira zhinji kurwisa vavengi. In tsinga ichi, ruregerero - ndiwo kudzivirira kutenda kwechiKristu. Saka aigona kunzi chero basa kuzviruramisa kutenda kwavo muna Kristu. Asi yakamanikana pfungwa ruregerero anonzi magwaro chiKristu mangwanani (II-III remakore). Somugumisiro kurwa kwakanga sayenzi yose chokuita kudzivirira kutenda ichi, uye anonzi apologetics. Sezvingatarisirwa, zamu nevanozvitsigira akadana vanyori. Gare gare, shoko rakashandiswa kuvanhu, zvakanyanya kushingairira pakudzivirira chinhu. Vavengi chiKristu panguva yaro inotungamirwa rakanga zvakakwana - zviremera Roman, vaJudha, ivo vanotsigira zvitendero vekare nouzivi, uye kudzivirirwa kutenda nascent akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze munzvimbo idzi. Mumakore aya hondo kwaiitwa tichibatsirwa maturakiti enyika. Naizvozvo apologia yekare - ndiyo nhau.

Basa wenhoroondo French

Stories uye mamwe mabasa vanozivikanwa pasi zita iri. Somuenzaniso, "Apology kare," Marc Bloch (1886-1944), munyori wenhoroondo French, mumwe havaoni yaiva yakakurumbira magazini "muNhoroondo" uye zita imwechete chikoro yaakanga rinotaura maonero ake pamusoro nhoroondo sechinhu sainzi, uye kukura nzira itsva ayo kudzidza. In ake "Apology nhoroondo kana dzamaoko wenhoroondo", rakabudiswa muna 1986, munyori anoona munhu nguva, achitsanangura kuti pfungwa dzevanhu dzinosiyana zera kusvika zera pasi pokudzora zvinhu zvizhinji, kuti, tarisa chete chiitiko dzakachinjwa pamusoro nguva, uye kare, chokwadi ichi zvinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo. The mhedziso anokwevera zvinotevera: ruzivo kare anofanira upenyu zvizvarwa nani.

chisingatombotarisirwi chikumbiro

rokuti "ruregerero" rinogona kuwanikwa chinhu chisingatombotarisirwi akakwirira. "Hasha" - akakurumbira basa-nokutamba mutambo, chinova RPG (mutambo pamusoro ndima) pamwe nzira zvinhu. "Hasha" - a vemungano zvakasikwa naye pachake nhoroondo yacho. The storyline iri sezvinotevera: kamwe zvakasikwa chete rakaparadzwa imwe kometi yakadonha uye yakabudirira Sarnaut rwakakamukana vakaparadzana zvidimbu (dambudziko Great). Astral absorbs izvi Mirka. Musimboti "Hasha" - kuchengeta asara. Vose Hasha interconnected nezvikumbaridzo. Kutamba pamwe inception nguva dzose yoku- pamwe Zvikamu itsva. Nokudaro, Russian Server chikwata "Apology" yakazokudziridzwa kudaro kare. "Hasha" - munhu mumhuri chigadzirwa, vakasikwa "niva", yakabuda makore maviri asati Google. Nivalom (epamba yokuvaka mitambo yepakombiyuta), kwakavakirwa akasiyana nyika "Hasha" dzakabudiswa Mitambo yakadai se "Kurasika mu Astral," "Ngaatukwe Earth" uye "Legends Hasha".