Russian: orfogrammy. orfogrammy mutauro All Russian

mutauro Russian nezvi- orfogrammy, anoziva mwana mumwe nomumwe. Sezvo tinodzidza mitemo yakawanda, izvo havana kuverenga ake uduku pane zvidzidzo Russian, uye zvose kuti muzive zvakarurama chiperengo mashoko. mutauro All orfogrammy Russian haatori navo zvokuti kunyange nyanzvi dzemitauro dzimwe nguva vari kuvhiringidzwa uye kukanganwika. Nyaya ino ichakubatsira kunzwisisa dzinokosha nemitemo chiperengo.

Unstressed mavhawero ari mudzi verifiable uye orfogrammy "Cha schA"

Utongi ichi, vana vanotanga kudzidza, sezvo mutemo, mugiredhi kana kukireshi yokutanga. The ushe kunobatsira kuziva tsamba yakanyorwa pamudzi weshoko. Somuenzaniso, shoko rokuti "och_rovanie" anogona kunyorwa sezvo tsamba "iwe" uye tsamba "munhu". Kuti uzive kuti tsamba yakanyorwa shoko, zvinokosha kusarudza chete mudzi shoko. Kumbomira Shoko aizova "Chara", nekuti pano kusimbisa weveta tsamba "munhu". Zvinoreva kuti "runako," Rinopereterwa pamwe tsamba "munhu" pane chipande.

Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti orfogrammy mumutauro wokuRussia inogona vayambuka. Somuenzaniso, mumwe, mutemo hakukoshi ndiyo chiperengo "Cha, conductive." pashoko "Cha conductive" munogara akanyorwa tsamba "munhu". Somuenzaniso, yokuvanda, Chara, runako, mukombe uye zvichingodaro. D.

Vakurirwe mavhawero ari mudzi mashoko

Vakurirwe mavhawero ari mudzi kweshoko - ichi ndiyo asingachadiwi kazhinji vadzidzi vari zvokutanga mamakisi. Pashure pezvose, kana kunyora mashoko orfogrammy akadaro haana kubatsira chero mitemo. Orfogrammy mutauro Russian pamwe unverifiable nzvanyira ari mudzi iri zvikasadzorwa, kunyora mashoko aya anofanira nomusoro. The mavhawero haagoni achasimbiswa nemashoko akadai :. Birch, razibheri vinaigrette, kumashopu, chirimwa, vanhu, mabhanana, chocolate, mangoda, etc. Achinyorera mashoko aya kuti kurangarira kamwe kwenguva dzose, kuti murege kuita zvikanganiso.

Unpronounceable emakonzonendi mu pamudzi weshoko

Zvinokosha kudzidza mitemo unpronounceable emakonzonendi mu pamudzi weshoko, nekuti orfogrammy ichi rinowanzoberekera pamusoro tsamba. Kakawanda unpronounceable emakonzonendi vangasimudzira rukasimbiswa. Somuenzaniso: ngozi - mwoyo ngozi - mwoyo, zuva - zuva, vaRafa - hofori, inofara - mufaro, kunyarara - makuhwa, uye vamwe.

Chiperengo prefixes vachipedzisira z-, c-

Kutaura zvazviri, kazhinji vanhu vanokanganisawo vari yakatarwa-pamusoro mabhokisi, mugumo z- uye c, kunyange zvakanaka kuziva mutauro Russian. Orfogrammy inonyaradza hazvizivani, saka ndinongoda vanofanira kuyeuka chiperengo izvo kunoenderana inomunyaradza. Inonyaradza pane z- uye cvari-: Munhu wose / Boc, chrez- / cheres-, vz- / vs-, ani naani / Boc, iz / kushandiswa, zvakasiyana / kuparadzirwa, haana / haaperi uye roz- / ros-.

Kuti tinzwisise zvinodzidziswa tsamba yakanyorwa, zvakakodzera kutarisa arambe. Kana kutevera chivakashure tsamba nzvanyira matsi (K, N, T, W, W, f s, h, s, v), kuti chivakashure zvakanyorwa mutsamba "c" mutemo kwakadaro kunopa kuti mutauro wokuRussia. Orfogrammy dzinoratidza kuti kana hwakazotevera achirira inzwi, chivakashure zvakanyorwa pamwe ndokuguma "s". Mienzaniso ane "c": kugabhuka, kupenda, rakabuda ruvara, isingaperi, etc. Mienzaniso "z" :. Kutora, kujeka, inogadzirwa Kutarira uye nevamwe.

Rakatumbuka mavhawero ari mudzi

The alternation mavhawero ari midzi - uyu mutemo unokosha, izvo zvichava mudzidzi kubva 5th kusvika kugiredhi rechi11. Orfogrammy pamusoro ari alternation mavhawero ari midzi vane anenge ose bvunzo, dzakadai OGE (DPA) uye bvunzo.

Orfogrammy mutauro Russian inosanganisira nokuvapo mapoka mana rakatumbuka, zvose zvinofanira kufungwa:

• Roots umo nzvanyira kunyora kunobva inotevera suffix:

-ber- / bir, Ter - / - tir-, Perot - / - PIR, -stel - / - stil-, -blest - / - blist-, -der - / - dir-.

The Mudzi shoko rakanyorwa tsamba "uye" kana anotevera suffix -a-: kumbomira (asi Ndinoda), kupisa (asi kupisa) chenyu (asi ngachivheneke), uye vamwe.

The Mudzi shoko rakanyorwa "uye" kana anotevera suffix pamusoro -a-: akagunzva (asi nokubata), kupa (asi chikumbiro), uye vamwe.

• Midzi, iyo kunobva nzvanyira chiperengo kushushikana neshoko:

-gar - / - gor-, -tvar - / - rokusika, -klan - / - klon-, -zar - / - zor-.

Kana shoko kushushikana weveta tsamba "munhu", kwakanyorwa kuchinzi kune pamudzi "a": Tan, uta, hwihwinyara, mambakwedza, uye vamwe.

Kana shoko kushushikana weveta mudzi, makanyorwa "pamusoro": zvakasikwa, uta, sunbathing, Dawn nevamwe.

• Kunyora nzvanyira iri pamudzi shoko kunobva mabhii shure nzvanyira ichi:

-rast - / - rasch - / - rosch-, -skak - / - skoch-.

Tsamba "munhu" zvakanyorwa pamberi "Art" uye "nepfambi" :. Plants akura, etc. The tsamba "Haiwa" zvakanyorwa mune dzimwe nguva dzose. Anosiyiwa: nhungirwa, kuyaruka, kukura, moneylender, Rostov nevamwe.

"A" zvakanyorwa pamberi "kuti" uye "O" zvakanyorwa pamberi "H":. Skip, kusvetuka, etc. kunze Svetukai, achisvetukasvetuka, etc ..

• Kunyora nzvanyira ari mudzi kunobva zvinoreva:

-mak - / - IOC, -ravn - / - rovn-.

Muchiitiko chokutanga chakanyorwa "munhu" kana shoko rine pfungwa kunyudzwa mumvura :. Dip, Dip, etc. kuchinzi "riri" nemvura ine ukoshi: nyoro, soka, dzanyorova, uye vamwe.

Kana rechipiri zvichinzi "munhu" kana kukosha kwakafanana shoko "chete" :. Kuenzana, kuenzana, etc. kuchinzi "riri" kana kukosha kwakafanana shoko "mutsetse": mvere, inoputswa, uye vamwe.

Mabhii "uye", "s" mushure "c"

Rich zvakasiyana-siyana mitemo Russian. Orfogrammy akawana pano uye imomo. Ndizvo chaizvo pamwe netsamba "uye", "s" mushure nzvanyira "n", vadzidzi kazhinji kuvhiringidzika mune chiperengo yavo. Kutaura zvazviri, kuti zvakarurama kunyora mashoko orfogrammy akadaro, unofanira kuyeuka chero nyaya nyora "uye" uye umo "s":

• "Uye" vanonyora vari pamudzi shoko nhamba, akatorwa, sekasi, humburumbira uye nevamwe.
• "Uye" nyora mashoko ari "ru": rudzi, mharidzo, Misangano, mashoko, privatization uye nevamwe.
• "S" iri nyora shoko harinzwi uye suffixes: (kwete) mambokadzi (shawl) Lisitsyn (kwete) mwanasikana wokurera, et unto.
• "S 'zvakanyorwa mumashoko chokudzingwa: Roma, huku, Chuck, Chuck, tsyknut, pamusoro tiptoe, uye vamwe.

Chiperengo prefixes chi- uye pri-

Chiperengo inonyaradza pane zvinoomesa mutauro wokuRussia. Orfogrammy chikamu ichi shoko iri kazhinji kuwanikwa vazhinji. Zvisinei, kazhinji pane prefixes aponese uye pri- kurangarira zvikuru nyore.

Used prefixes aponese kana:

• Zvinonzi wakaiswa pamusoro mabhokisi Kutamiswa: kurega, nechigumbuso uye nezvimwe mutsivi.
• Anopa shoko soro mwero uhwu: awfully akanaka, predobry, kukudza, kupfuudza, kupfuura uye nevamwe.

Pri- chivakashure yakashandiswa apo:

• Napedyo nyaya: yegungwa, nemba yake oga, dare, chiteshi etc.
• Rine zvinoreva Kuwedzera uye rakada: varibatanidze, kutungamirira uye nevamwe.
• Rinotaura incompleteness chiito: prizakryt, urare, kutanga, priutihnut uye nevamwe.
• Kunoratidza chiito chakapedzwa: wedzera mberi, mbeveve, nevamwe.

makore kudzidza anozivikanwa zvose vangani orfogrammy mutauro Russian. Kuti kuverenga uye vakadzidza, mitemo iyi chiperengo uye kuita mazano mabasa zvakakodzera nemusoro. Zvikoro zviri mumwe mutemo kunyatsoongorora chiperengo.