Sachigaro Presidium Supreme Soviet of USSR - mazita zvinhu uye dzinonakidza zvinhu

Sachigaro Presidium Supreme Soviet of USSR Chokwadi, musoro Soviet mamiriro, kutangira muna 1936 uye anopera 1989. Panguva iyi, yaiva soro voruzhinji yebazi USSR. Election of President kwakaitika pamusangano pamwe umo vose Chamber akatora chikamu, vaiva chikamu Supreme Council.

Ndiani aiva wokutanga?

Sachigaro Presidium Supreme Soviet of USSR akazviratidza muSoviet Union muna 1936. This post rave akasuma pasi Constitution itsva. Kutaura zvazviri, vava pakati vatsivi CEC vatungamiriri Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Raiva zita yakafanana mumhanyi pamberi. Kutaura zvazviri, zvose kumba uye kunze, munhu akabata chinzvimbo, kwainzi musoro wehurumende. Uye West unowanzonzi uyewo President of Soviet Republic.

Panguva iyoyo muSoviet Union pamutemo aita paruzhinji musoro wehurumende. Zvisarudzo zvinoitwa pamwe navose, uyo akanga ari nhengo presidium, pasina anosara. Hazvina muviri ichi pamwe kuti ape mitemo kuti akasarudza kukura kweguyo yose nyika, vakagadzwa uye akaendesa kubudikidza vezvematongerwo, iye paakavapa zvirevo uye Medals.

Muchiitiko chino, chokwadi, vakawanda masimba mumaoko General Munyori weSoviet Communist Party, kwete duku chidhiraivho aiva musoro Council Vanhu vaMwari Commissars.

Munhoroondo yacho USSR pambiru General Munyori Party uye sachigaro Presidium Supreme Soviet of USSR kakawanda akanga vasanganiswa. Kunyanya, akadaro ezvinhu yaiitwa pamwe 70-ies kuti zvibviswe pambiru ane zvinovhiringidza shoma.

This post pakupedzisira wabviswa pashure kuitwa kuchinja uye yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kuti remitemo 1988 gore. Vose Masimba presidium akapfuura kuti sachigaro Supreme Soviet of USSR. Apo zvakatanga pambiru Mutungamiriri USSR, vanhu pokugara chinzvimbo ichi, paiva mumiririri chete mabasa. Ivo kunyanya umbwa pakuti kuitisa vadyi purogiramu yacho Chambers.

Wokutanga aiva Mikhail kuKalinin

Wokutanga munhoroondo reSoviet wehurumende Mihail Ivanovich kuKalinin akatora nzvimbo. Pashure kuitwa reMitemo of kare dzataurwa iye akasarudzwa sachigaro panguva kutanga chidzidzo Supreme Council, kwakaitika pakutanga 1938.

KuKalinin aiva mumiririri akakurumbira echimurenga kufamba. bato uye mamiriro vakakurumbira vatungamiriri. Nokukurumidza pashure vaKomonisiti vakasvika simba, vakatanga kunzi "All-Russian wadheni."

Mutevedzeri yake yokutanga kuKalinin akagadza Nikolai Mikhailovich Board mutevedzeri Shvernika uyo gare gare yakatsiva naye this post.

Kana hondo pamwe Nazi Germany, kwakaonekwa kuti kuKalinin akanga arwara. Akanga kutorerwa mabasa ake, vakatora Shvernik. Pasati mitatu pashure sachigaro Presidium Supreme Soviet of USSR wokutanga akafa pakarepo nekenza bowel.

pati akapona

Mushure kuKalinin uye Shvernika kutendeukira kutungamirira presidium akauya zvinyorwa kureba vari Politburo of Central Committee of Communist Party, hondo gamba Kliment Voroshilov.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti Voroshilov chaibatanidzwa paumbwe rufu mazita (rwake siginicha vari pandandanda 185, zvichienderana yakanga apfurwa vanopfuura zviuru 18 vanhu), gore Stalin afa akanga akasarudzwa sachigaro mutsva Supreme Council. Ukuwo, zviri pachena. Nepo mutemo debunking kunamatwa unhu muSoviet Union hakusati kwaitika, uye zvaida nekusimba uye zvakavimbika vanhu pakati vatungamiriri nehurumende.

Munguva yehondo pamwe vokuGermany Voroshilov akaraira Leningrad Front. At musoro presidium akagara makore 7, ipapo akaramba ari nhengo.

Dear Leonid Ilyich

Muna 1960, Voroshilov chikatsiviwa Leonid Brezhnev. Sachigaro Presidium Supreme Soviet of USSR, ayo akanyorwa munyaya ino, sezvo nguva zhinji vakazoroorwa akabata pambiru vakawanda munyori. Wokutanga mumunda ichi chakava Brezhnev, akazova Munyori General muna 1964. Election Brezhnev sachigaro Presidium Supreme Soviet of USSR kwakaitika paaiva nemakore 54 okuberekwa.

Muna 1964 zvakanzi yakatsiviwa zvikuru nomukurumbira uye nesimba panguva yacho enyika Soviet, uyo akatanga basa rake pasi Lenin, Anastas Mikoyan. Akashanda this post ane makore nehafu.

ichikosha Podgorny

Muna December 1965, pambiru akasarudzwa Nikolai Podgorny. Sachigaro Supreme Soviet of USSR aiva womunyika Ukrainian Communist Party Committee, iri nyanzvi Executive zvepamusoro pasango chiedza indasitiri.

Nevamwe vakamuitira zvakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, Mikoyan zvakananga vakamupomera nhema uye akazvidzwa pazviri. Akaudza nyaya sei muhondo Podgorny akarayira vabva shuga fekitari Voronezh. Inokuvadza basa chakaitwa, asi Nicolai, achitya kuti upenyu hwake, iye ari chirimwa uye haana wakashanyira uye vakaudza panguva imwecheteyo, iye pachake raitarisira kubvisa. nhema Mikoyan kwakadaro vasingagoni kumira.

Podgorny sachigaro Presidium Supreme Soviet of USSR kwabviswa kuva muna 1977, wakati akashanda munzvimbo iyi kweanenge makore 12. pambiru yake akanga arasikirwa panguva XXV Congress webato, kana aswedera Brezhnev aitya kuti Podgorny, kushandisa varombo mamiriro eutano Munyori General, unogona kuisa vanoti panzvimbo yake. Naizvozvo, panguva Congress of bato nhengo dzaiva nyasha, kusvikira Brezhnev vasanganiswa vose nzvimbo. Somugumisiro, chinzvimbo, inova nyaya ino, Brezhnev akadzokera. Akava sachigaro Presidium Supreme Soviet of USSR (1977 - 1982). Muna 1982, akafa. Policy panguva aiva nemakore 75 okuberekwa.

Panguva iyi akatipa rubatsiro Magomet Gettuev, mutevedzeri sachigaro Presidium Supreme Soviet of USSR.

tichibatanidza tsika

Mushure Brezhnev akava tsika bato kuti nokubatanidza pambiru, izvo zvakatsaurirwa kuna ino, uye pambiru Secretary General veboka.

Kunze Vasiliya Vasilevicha Kuznetsova, uyo chakamboti akabata pambiru kubva November 1982 uye June 1983, kubva February kusvika April 1984, uye kubva March kusvikira July 1985, muitiro uyu wakaitwa anenge Zvakazoitwa vatungamiriri vose Soviet wehurumende.

The Vasori Hurumende

Muzhizha 1983, mukuru of facto musoro wehurumende akanga aimbova mukuru Soviet kuchengeteka nhengo Yuri Andropov. Zvisinei, achishingaira vanoita mabasa avo Yuri vakasagona. Nokukurumidza pashure ake kugadzwa akanga nechirwere chirwere chingangomuuraya. Akashanda chaizvo pasina pamba. Nokukurumidza vakashaya nokuda itsvo kutadza, makore ake akawanda uchinetswa gout.

The pfupi nguva Konstantin Chernenko

Muna April 1984, iye chikatsiviwa Konstantin Chernenko. Akatonga gore rimwe uye mazuva 25, akafa mwoyo kukundikana.

akaberekwa Wenyika

Muna July,-gore 85 pambiru musoro presidium akatora Andrei Gromyko. Andrei aiva Wenyika, akatanga basa rake muna mubato matare pamberi hondo, kana Malenkov uye Molotov. nokukurumidza Gromyko akatanga kumiririra zvinodiwa Soviet Union muna rinokosha masangano dzakawanda - the Security Council uye UN.

Zvadaro, makore anoda kusvika 30, akatungamirirwa neShumiro Affairs Foreign. Yaiva nguva yake nedzenyu basa akauya zvichida kupfuura zvikuru nzendo hondo "inotonhora". Relations pamwe United States uye nucleated North Atlantic Alliance chainyanya zvikuru. Chimwe chinodiwa chete kuyeuka kuti mukutanga 60s nyika yave vava kuda kutanga hondo yenyukireya. Zvisinei, vatungamiri USSR uye USA pakupedzisira haana kuzvibvumira inouraya nzira zviitiko. Rinokosha izvi reDare vamiriri uyo akatungamirira azvaiitwa.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kugadzwa kwake plenum reCentral Committee of Soviet Communist Party nguva pfupi asati Gromyko akataura kuti pambiru munyori mukuru wechiduku, ipapo zvishoma-anozivikanwa Mihaila Gorbacheva.

Gorbachev vagamuchirawo chekutanga pambiru iri mubato, akadzinga Gromyko kubva kuBazi Affairs Foreign. Nokugadza jaya uye zvinovimbisa, zvaiita kwaari, Eduard Shevardnadze. Gromyko chete ari kudzoka vakagamuchira pambiru sachigaro Presidium Supreme Soviet, izvo panguva iyoyo anenge zvachose akarasika ake rusununguko uye kukosha. Kutaura zvazviri, Gromyko raishanda sedare pamuchato mukuru.

The wokupedzisira sachigaro Presidium of USSR Supreme Soviet

Gromyko akatsiviwa kuti Post by Mikhail Gorbachev. Akava sachigaro Presidium Supreme Soviet of USSR (1985 -1988). First Deputy akagadzwa kuva akakurumbira mutungamiri webato Anatoly Lukyanov, kwakaratidzwa paya sechikamu kubvuta masimba, asi amnestied zvasarudzwa President Boris Yeltsin kuRussia, uyewo dzimwe nhengo kubvuta masimba akawanda.

Panguva iyoyo, mamiriro ezvinhu akawedzera kuipa munzvimbo yenyika chinoda zhinji. Youth Gone kutaura pamusoro hurumende Kazakhstan, kare kuzomukazve Karabakh uye Georgian-South Ossetian nokurwisana. It kuwedzera mamiriro ezvinhu Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Georgia uye Transnistria. Zvinetso aiva mamiriro ezvinhu akawanda dzeSoviet.

Panguva iyoyowo Gorbachev akaita zvinokosha matanho kurutivi chisarudzo kweHondo Yemashoko. Kunyanya, nokusingaperi chaiko zvombo zvibvumirano vakanga vakasaina. Izvi zvaisanganisira kuti nyika achabvisa intermediate- uye mapfupi-siyana zvombo. siginicha yake chibvumirano uye akaisa US President Ronald Reagan.

Zvisinei, democratic kuchinja uye incipient kugadzirisa haabvumirwi Gorbachev yakarebesa musimba. Uye zvirokwazvo nzvimbo sachigaro Presidium Supreme Soviet akakurumidza kuregwa. Saka Gorbachev akanga wokupedzisira enyika ndianiko makazviita.

Ndicho chinzvimbo achisimudzira mumakore dzakasiyana:

• Mikhail kuKalinin;
• Nikolai Shvernik;
• Kliment Voroshilov ;
• Leonid Brezhnev;
• Anastas Mikoyan;
• Nikolai Podgorny;
• Vasily Kuznetsov;
• Yuri Andropov;
• Konstantin Chernenko;
• Andrei Gromyko;
• Mikhail Gorbachev.

Panzvimbo sachigaro Presidium of USSR vakauya purezidhendi. Vakava Gorbachev pachake. Zvino Boris Nikolaevich Eltsin uyo akachinja mapeji akawanda enhoroondo Russian.

Pakupedzisira, musoro wehurumende Gorbachev pachake akabvapo muna 1991, pashure pamutemo nemasaini of Bialowieza chibvumirano pamusoro kumira kuvapo USSR.