Sea gungwa mhuka otter: pakuonekwa, maitiro uye kudya

Kuchamhembe latitudes inogarwa anoshamisa zvomumvura mhuka - gungwa otters. nhema dzayo kusiyana pakuti, somumiririri mhuka, iye chinzvimbo hwemvura kwezvakatipoteredza nyika. Uye ichi hachisi chete oddity pakuona ichi mhando. Ngatitaurei kuzivana navo pedyo.

Description kwazvakaita

Pakutanga, vakawanda vakanga nharo pamusoro, kuti iyo mhuri ndohwavo otter. Otter aiva hama yepedyo wavo, asi vakawanda chaizvo kusiyana akamanikidza masayendisiti nechokwadi kwokupedzisira mutongo. Pakupedzisira vakabvuma nezvokuti gungwa otter rakava nokuda musteline, asi akazivisa kwavari somunhu yoga rudzi. Zvisinei, kunyange nhasi, vamwe mhuka idzi vanonzi "gungwa otters."

The chaizvo iroro rokuti "otter" rinobva Kuril Islands. Chokwadi chokuti veko akadana mhuka idzi Kalagia ( "chikara" iri Koryak). Gare gare zita iri rakanga vakanonga vavhimi Russian, uyo akabva ndokuridzoserazve masayendisiti. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti panguva nemasayendisiti vanozivikanwa matatu Sub-mhando zvisikwa izvi:

• Normal kana Asian gungwa otter.
• Northern gungwa otter.
• Southern gungwa otter kana Californian.

nharaunda

Nhasi unogona kuwana otters iri kuchamhembe latitudes zvePacific Ocean. Zvikuru zvakawanda mapoka anowanikwa nemhenderekedzo Kamchatka, California, Alaska, Canada uye ari Aleutian Islands. Uyewo, nemhaka kuitwa masayendisiti dzomumisha duku mhuka idzi dzakanga akaberekwa muna Japan uye dzakapoteredza British Columbia.

The wokupedzisira nzvimbo gungwa otters akanga vakwanise zvikuru. Asi nokuda vakawanda zvachose kuvanhu vari XIX remakore, miganhu musha wavo yekudyidzana kujekesa. Zvino vanogona kuwanikwa chete yekunwa nzvimbo, asi kare vakagara anenge ose kuchamhembe kwemhenderekedzo nePacific Ocean.

chitarisiko

Ngatitange nepfungwa yokuti zvake, kumaodzanyemba uye kuchamhembe gungwa otters zvakafanana kwokunze zvinhu. Boka ravo kwakavakirwa dzinogarisana, kwete zvokunze kana evanhu kusiyana. Naizvozvo, tsananguro iyi ndiyo yakakodzera zvipenyu zvose.

Uyu mhuka nokururamisira guru Cala anokura mamita matanhatu pakureba uye hunorema vanenge 25-35 makirogiramu. Pasinei zvikuru izvi, izvozvo anonyatsorayiridzwa kujairana upenyu hwemvura. muviri wake ane elongated chimiro, duku reraundi musoro. The muswe hwemhuka pfupi: mukobvu nechepasi uye dzakaonda pakupedzisira.

The chikuru mukana gungwa otters ndiwo makumbo hadzi, uye yakarongedzwa pamwe simba webbing. Vanobvumira mhuka duku nounyanzvi kushambira uye svetuka. Asi forelimbs vari kunyimwa zano rakadaro. Asi kuguma minwe simba, pakupera ine mukuru gungwa otter zvombo - nenzara.

The mbava hwemhuka riri gobvu chaizvo uye gobvu. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, zviri zvakanaka akashivirira chando uye chando. Mukuwedzera, kukwanisa excrete mafuta girisi pamusoro pemvura matanhatu inobvumira otters kuchengeta ganda yakaoma kunyange kushambira mumvura. Kana sedare mbava, ari Zvinonyanyozivikanwa zvisvundu vanhu. Zvisinei, mukati mapoka hadziwanzowaniki vanhu vanozvarwa vaine chando-chena bvudzi.

Mararamiro

Saka, chii ane tsika mhuka iyi? Kalan nguva zvavo pagungwa, neapo kushambira panyika. Sezvambotaurwa, ine zvose zvamunoda kuti ichi: gobvu mbava, gobvu rukoko makumbo mafuta uye simba, vakagadzirira pamwe membranes. Kunakidza ndechokuti mhuka haagoni chete kushambira pachena, asi kurara pamusoro mvura. Kuti aite izvi, akakungurutsa pamusoro zviende musana wake uye chinyararire kuenda pamusoro. Uye gungwa hapana yakatsvairwa iye kure namahombekombe, gungwa otters wakaputirwa algae kuti vanomushumira zvakada Mbambo.

Pasinei nokuti kutsamwa rudo gungwa, mhuka inogona refu zvakakwana kuti munyika. Most kazhinji vanenge vakasarudzwa pamahombekombe kuchitonhora, saka regai kupedza yakawandisa simba kuchengeta kupisa yaiva nechando nemvura. Panguva iyoyowo mhuka kuedza kugadzirisa pane matombo kumahombekombe munzvimbo. Izvi kuti kuvanda pakati pamatombo pamusoro pavanhu. Pashure pezvose, murume ndiye muvengi chikuru gungwa otters.

Asi pamwe nemhuka, ivo ushamwari vavakidzani. Vari aiwanzowanika boka zvisimbiso, walruses uye kunyange shiri.

govera

Ichi chikara nyama. Kalan nounyanzvi preys pamusoro hove uye dzemugungwa, ichitora navo yerera akaoma musoro netsoka dzakapfava. Uyezve, iye anofarira kubata gungwa urchins uye magakanje. With azvino mhuka anombotwasanudza Mabwe: simba dzokurwa haagoni kuruma kuburikidza meno ake, saka akatsemura pamwe rakaoma zvinhu.

gungwa Hunt otters kunonyanya masikati. Zvisinei, kana zvichikodzera, vanogona kuenda nyore dzichitsvaka zvokudya usiku. Zvisinei, muchiitiko ichi, vari vangangotaura scour nemhenderekedzo pane kuenda nokuda vapambwe mumvura. Uyewo, susche havana chiono - vanogona kuverenga pamusoro mhino rakanaka.

Vava kuda kutsakatika

Nhasi, gungwa otters dzakarongwa se panjodzi. Chikonzero chaiva utununu kwevanhu. Mugore XVII-XIX emakore vavhimi pasi pose akaenda kuchamhembe latitudes kuitira kuti chinokosha mhuka mbava. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, pakutanga XX remakore chavagari mhuka rawa neinopfuura 80%, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti wakakwana Kutsakatika kwemarudzi.

Batsirwa conservationists akamira pamusoro nguva kunwisa. Zvino, uwandu gungwa otters zvishoma nezvishoma wakakwira. Zvisinei, kwakakwana kukunda zvakare mangwanani kutaura nekuda kwepasi achakurumidza kutarisana ngozi iyi itsva, dambudziko hapana zvishoma ngozi.