Sei sarudzo Germany?

Germany - European democratic hurumende ine enyika kunzwisisa hurongwa. Solutions munyika inogona kutorwa nenguva yeUnited nemakanzuru mumatunhu, imwe neimwe ine yayo Executive, matare uye zvemitemo mapazi. Sei sarudzo kuGermany? Izvi ndizvo zvatinodzidza pamusoro.

The Federal Republic of Germany

Nyika iri muna Western Europe. Its inoganhurana Gungwa North neGungwa reBaltic, uye akapoteredzwa Denmark, Czech Republic, Poland, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Belgium, Netherlands uye France. Germany ane nyika dzakabudirira ane simba zvoupfumi uye hwaivapo upenyu.

It chikamu nhamba masangano nyika yakadai European Union, NATO, ari "Big Vasere". Nyika ine vanhu mamiriyoni 82. mutauro unonyanya - German. Maguta pakukura vari Berlin, kuHamburg, Cologne, Munich, Valenza, Düsseldorf.

Guru renyika - Berlin, Zvisinei, masangano akawanda yeUnited uye neshumiro dziri muna Bonn. Germany iri gutsaruzhinji, zvemitemo, magariro mamiriro, nzira hurumende iyo kunotsanangurwa so munhu zvokuvhoterwa yeparamende.

German nesarudzo marongedzero Paramende, kuti Cabinet, iyo chanzera uye President kutsanya rakasiyana. The muviri chete kuti kusarudzwa yakananga dzakakurumbira vhoti, ndiye Paramende. Vamwe mitumbi uye nzvimbo vanosarudzwa nokuda mvumo vanhu.

Germany: Presidential sarudzo

The President ndiye musoro wehurumende. Kokutanga pambiru akapinda 1949. In February 2017 iye akasarudzwa kuti post, Frank-Walter Steinmeier. yaaigara yepamutemo iri muBerlin uye Bonn. The musarudzo dzakaitwa Germany pamakore mashanu mukana chete Re-sarudzo. Mumwe munhu anogona chete rokubata pambiru kaviri.

Musoro basa iri kumiririra nyika pamusoro renyika, uye kuzivisa kusaina mutemo, kufarirwa pambiru vashandi yeUnited, navatariri, uyewo nomination nokuda pambiru chanzera.

Kuti abate sarudzo muGermany, akaumba chaiyo muviri - the Assembly Federal. Inoitwa akaenzana nokuwanda nhengo dzeparamende uye vaibva emunharaunda parliaments. Nokuti mutungamiri akasarudzwa kukwikwidza uyo anogamuchira zvikuru mavhoti. Chisarudzo uchapinda simba pamusoro achitora mhiko.

sarudzo of chanzera

The nechepakati Executive simba ndiyo hurumende. musoro wake ndiye Federal chanzera. Akaisa pamapfudzi ake zvikuru basa kuti utariri wenyika, ndokusaka pezvakaita nyika rokutonga anowanzodanwa chanzera hweruzhinji. Yaanosarudza munzira iyo Germany kunofanira.

Chanzera sarudzo anotakura Bundestag (paramende batana). masimba aro kugara 4 makore. Vangave wakagumiswa akashaya mushure dzinovaka nekuvhota kwe hapana chivimbo, ndiko kuti, kana ruzhinji nhengo dzeParamende vanoziva vasingabvumirani chanzera itsika.

Musoro wehurumende zvingaite kuti cabinet, kuona uwandu zvigaro ayo uye kukura kwebasa vanoshumira mabasa. Vaitaura kuti kudzingwa kwavo kana kugadzwa iye pakutanga kuzviisa pasi President. Sezvo 2005 pambiru chanzera ndiye Angela Merkel.

Bundestag

Higher unicameral Paramende - the Bundestag, kana paramende batana. Parliamentary sarudzo dzakaitwa Germany makore mana ose. Unotonga basa hurumende iri, uye adopts mitemo, anosarudza kuti chanzera. Mitumbi dzeparamende dzinosanganisira (the President vake wevatariri), kuti Council of Vakuru, matare, mapoka, vaitarira uye mapurisa ari Bundestag.

sarudzo German inoitirwa nezvinhu zvakavhenganiswa hurongwa. Hafu wevatariri kusarudzwa yakananga zvakavanzika nokuvhota, chimwe chikamu kunoitika pamusoro ndandanda neimwe nyika. Vaviri maitikiro aya anesungano mumwe. Chokutanga vhoti anopa kururamiswa Kuronga zvikamu zviduku, wechipiri - kunotema bato simba mamiriro.

Paramende inogona kumiririra mapato avo watambira vanopfuura 5 muzana vhoti kana vakakunda matatu chete-murayiro esarudzo. Uwandu zvigaro zviri zvigaro 631 kuti bato rimwe akabata dzaona ne nzira St. Lagyu, maererano vakagamuchira ari musarudzo kuwanda mavhoti.

The Bundesrat

Of chinzvimbo wenyika yacho akati kuti zvinokosha kusarudza zvakaita pamusoro zvese zviviri: National (yeUnited) uye emunharaunda. The ndima Germany muzvikamu 16 inoti. Muchiitiko chino, kuHamburg, Berlin uye Valenza iguta-nyika. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane yayo paramende, Executive nezvakatongwa simba.

kumatunhu kufarira muparamende nechepakati, ari Bundesrat rinomiririra. Dzimwe nguva inonzi yokumusoro imba, kunyange pamutemo zvinoita kuti munhu pekamuri muparamende. The Bundesrat ndiwo muviri zvemitemo kuti ane kodzero zvekuti uye zvinoedza zvakawanda mitemo.

Ichi hachisi chinhu akasarudzwa muviri, pasina izwi. Pari, ndiwo vanhu 69. Kubva neimwe hurumende kwayo akatumira kubva 3 kusvika 6 vanhu zvichienderana ukuru hwaro. The chete zvokuwedzera chinzvimbo Bundesrat ari pambiru sachigaro waro. Nhengo dzomuviri ichi akasarudzwa naye kwegore.

Landtag uye nemakanzuru sarudzo

Parliament nyika imwe neimwe yainzi Landtag. Ndiye mukuru zvemitemo muviri panguva remunharaunda chechetere. sarudzo dzose dzinenge dzaitwa pa namahwindo Plenum, rinoitwa pamwe kutora chikamu mapato uye navakuru.

Land yakakamurwa muguta, nharaunda dzokumaruwa uye makanzuru, umo hurumende vari. sarudzo Local inoitwa Germany, nomuenzaniso pamwe nenyika. Vanovhota vanovhotera Zvinoumba dare reruwa, musha uye guta, unonziwo "paramende vemo".