Shasha munyika: vatatu geniuses huru

Mumakore maviri emakore nhoroondo wechesi mutambo akapa nyika akawandisa mazita makuru. Asi pakati pavo, unogona achiri kutaura vaya vanogona kunzi mukuru geniuses. mukuru vatambi All - vatatu. Uyu Garry Kasparov, Bobby Fischer, Pol Morfi.

Garry Kasparov: Biography uye vokutanga kubudirira

Garry Kasparov - the shasha mukuru wechesi. Sezvo nematatu nyika shasha, akasiya basa rake ayo kutemwa. Asi kusvikira ikozvino, shasha munyika kutevedzera yakanaka wake mutambo.

Kasparov akazvarwa ane mhuri akadzidziswa Baku muna 1963. Vabereki vake, vose baba naamai vari mainjiniya. Hapana anonyatsoziva iro zera akatanga kufarira wechesi, Harry. Authentic mumwe chete nyaya - kana mukomana nemakore mashanu, akaronga vake baba mhinduro etude, yakabudiswa mupepanhau. Vazvione. mano mwana wavo, vabereki kumutumira kuna wechesi chikamu.

kuwana rokuremekedza

Mugore yokudzidza yokutanga, Harry akunda pachinzvimbo chevatatu vokutanga wechesi. Panguva iyoyowo, Harry anotumwa sezvo nhengo Azerbaijani chikwata muna Vilnius. Ikoko ramangwana ndiyo yakanakisisa wechesi mutambi munyika Aingoziva ake ramangwana murairidzi, chipangamazano uye shamwari Aleksandrom Nikitinym. On zano Nikitin, Kasparov inotanga zvidzidzo ake pachikoro nomutsamba wechesi Botvinnik uye nokukurumidza akava mubatsiri wechesi tateguru.

Muna 1974, nemhaka kuitwa mai vake, Harry anogamuchira zita idzva (zita rake pakuzvarwa raiva Weinstein), uye kunyange nyika. Muna 1975, Kasparov ari mutungamiri muSoviet Chess Championship pakati juniors. Muna 1980, akatanga kugamuchira musoro grandmaster. Muna 1984, hunotanga pavanotaurirana huru pakati rwehofori maviri Chess - Garry Kasparov uye Anatoly Karpov. Kurwa nokuti ushasha dzakaguma muna 1985, awarding musoro kuna Kasparov rechi13 wechesi shasha.

Pol Morfi: makore okutanga

Chepamusoro yakanaka vatambi munyika uye nguva dzose rinosanganisira shasha chechina - Paul Morphy. Akanga akaberekerwa New Orleans, mumhuri chaizvo yakapfuma. Kubvira vachiri vaduku zvaanoyeuka akashamisa vanhu vakuru vakawanda. Somuenzaniso, ndakaenda kumba magweta vakashamiswa kuti vechiduku Pauro anoziva mwoyo zvose mitemo State of Louisiana vehurumende remitemo. sekuru vake aiva mumwe mukuru wechesi vatambi muguta. Child hapana akadzidzisa mitemo mutambo - iye Inoziva unyanzvi hwavo pachavo. Pazera makore 10, Pol Morfi aiva mumwe yakanakisisa muNew Orleans.

Kuwana shasha rokuremekedza

Tanga wechesi basa raPauro Morphy akanga aisa pamusoro remarudzi wechesi mutambo muLondon. Pazera 20 akava yakanaka wechesi mutambi muna America, vachirova vorongerwa ake ose. Kubva mitambo zana akarasikirwa 5 chete - uye nevaya akakunda aiva shasha munyika. Munhoroondo yose wechesi grandmaster haana vakadaro kuti yaizova yakafanana manyorero kutamba Morphy. Aikudzwa nokuda nokukurumidza, Sophistication uye utsinye.

Zvikuru gakava mutambi munhoroondo Bobby Fischer

Wegumi World Chess Champion ndiye American Bobby Fischer. Akanga akaberekerwa Chicago muna 1943. Amai yemberi wechesi aiva muJudha aigara kuSwitzerland. Baba - a zvipenyu German yakatama kubva Soviet Union muna Chile.

Bobby Fischer, kunze ushasha ake, inozikamwa kujairika mashoko. Somuenzaniso, sezvo kuyaruka, iye akataura kuti chikoro - nzvimbo zirokwazvo musoro nevakadzi havafaniri kushanda ikoko nokuda youpenzi ake. Kazhinji, pasinei nokuti Fisher nevamwe pamusoro vatambi munyika vari chete list, shasha iyi kunonzi zvikuru kuyemurwa uye chinonyanya kuzvidza.

Chechienzi nemano, richiratidzwa pauduku

Fischer airidza chesi kubva akanga matanhatu. Mwana rinoitwa saka kure nyama yemhuka wechesi, akamira kuti Chat navana zera rake, nharo pakati pavo aisagona kuwana kukodzera shamwari kuti mutambo. Amai pakutanga yakasarudza kuenda chiremba wepfungwa, asi iye akasimbisa mukadzi, vachiti wechesi chinhu chakanaka chitandadzo uye hapana ngozi mune hwomwana maitiro haisi. Amai vakatanga kutsvaka shamwari nokuti mutambo mukomana kuburikidza pepanhau shambadzo, asi munhu asina kuwana. Gare gare, Bobby Fischer Chess akamutumidza "kuchinja chimiro."

The yakakurumbira duel

Muna 1972 iye vaipinda kupfuura kuzivikanwa Fischer mutambo - ane Soviet wechesi mutambi Borisom Spasskim. The makwikwi rakaitwa Reykjavik. Ikoko Fisher scored 21 Unobata uye vawane ushasha. Gare gare, zvisinei, Fischer, nokuti chero kwezvikonzero, rairamba kukwikwidzana Anatoliem Karpovym, uye ipapo kwemakore makumi maviri akatungamirira reclusive mararamiro.

Strange chido Bobbi Fishera

anoramba iye ataura rakaipa pamusoro penyika dzakasiyana: ko Russia, pamusoro Iceland, United States of. Fischer aiva ari akamira hwakanaka vamiririri dzakasiyana-siyana mumapepanhau mapoka - dzakadai vaparidzi mapoka akasiyana, uyewo Mafia. Fischer akaedzawo kusiya zvizvarwa, izvo vaizova akafanana majini naye - kuti nhaka chipo chake.

Shasha munyika. Wavanozvirovera kurasikirwa?

Saka kumhuka njodzi mumwe mukuru wechesi shasha. Zvisinei, ichi hachisi mishoma. 10 shasha dzenyika nhasi - nayo Carlsen Magnus, Vladimir Kramnik, Aronyan Levon, Teymur Radzhabov nevamwe. Kuti ngaaverenge simba wechesi vatambi vanoshandisa inonzi Eroi Rating hurongwa. Rakanga kugadzirwa American musayendisiti neAripadhi Eroi. Kusvikira muna 1989, mutsara Rating wokutanga akatora Bobby Fischer pashure - Garry Kasparov.

Zvakadini kurwa pamwe kombiyuta?

Sezvineiwo, kunyange zvakanakisisa wechesi vatambi munhau anogona zvino kuridzwa pamwe kombiyuta. Wokutanga mutambo kwakadaro kwakaitika muna 1996 apo Garry Kasparov arasa supercomputer Deep Blue, izvo zvinogona vaongorore mamiriyoni 200 zvepamusoro por wechipiri. Zvisinei, yechipiri mutambo, Kasparov akatsiva kombiyuta. Zvino, pashure yakavhomorwa mitambo miviri, anotevera maviri vakakunda navo.