World Chess shasha - mambo wechesi nyika

Vazhinji anozivikanwa kuti mitambo hasha muviri anodzidzisa kuva akaomarara, vakashinga uye kuzadzisa chinangwa. Zvisinei, izvi kure zvose. Sport kunobatsirawo kusimudzira ufanane rezvedzidzo kukura. Muenzaniso wakanakisisa ndiyo wechesi. Vanhu vazhinji vanotaura kuti mutambo uyu sezvo varaidzo uye imwe nzira rasai nguva. Kana iwe pinda zvakadzika, tinogona kuona kuti wechesi chinhu chaizvo vakarongeka uye nevakawanda mutambo. Rine pachake akanyatsorongwa rayo, dzakawanda masangano akasiyana kuti kuitisa Tournaments siyana uye makwikwi. Musiyano chete nezvimwe wechesi vanoshingaira mhando ndechokuti Olympic Games list, havana. Kunyange zvazvo pane muripo kusiya ikoko mhando iyi. Saka, makore maviri ose munyika Olympiad iri rakaitirwa, izvo chinokwezva kwete chete wechesi vaitsigira pakati pavakadzi nevarume, asi kuti beginners vanoda kuratidza kwavo kunoshamisa nemano

Mabviro mitambo: Indian chaturanga

Pane ngano maererano iyo mutambo uyu hwanyatsogadzwa muupenyu vanhu. Noumwe nguva muIndia, imwe Brahmin (mupristi) akasika Chaturanga - varaidzo, yaiva puranga pamwe akaenzana rakatumbuka ruvara. Masero aya akaratidza nenhamba. mutambo uyu rakaitirwa kufinhikana mumuzinda wamambo - iri Raja. Kugadzirwa inofadza saizvozvo munhu mutongo kuti mubairo akaronga Brahmin kusarudza chero zvaanoda. Uye mupristi akabvunza Ndichitya zviyo. Asi nenzira kuti sero rokutanga iri pakutanga vachidzingwa zviyo mumwe. Sero wechipiri vaviri, wechitatu zvakafanira kuisa zviyo mana uye zvichingodaro. Pava paya yakabuda kuti zviyo muumambo hazvikwani, kuti kubhadhara chipo Brahmin. Zvishoma nezvishoma, mutambo chakagadziridzwa zvishoma. Musiyano mukuru kubva wechesi Chaturanga inhamba vatambi. Kana vatambi vaviri, mutambo wekare unokubvumira chokubatanidza mbiri mbiri vanhu havagovani yazvino mhando. Matanho muna Chaturanga vakatsunga nokukanda mijenya.

utariri makambani

Zvishoma nezvishoma mutambo rakapararira munyika yose. Zvinokosha kuti kunyange zvechitendero kana enyika vomunharaunda akanga chavangapikisa varaidzo ichi. Pari huru sangano kuita Tournaments akasiyana ndiye International Chess Federation, Fide rakapfupikiswa. It rakaumbwa muna maviri remakore rechimakumi maviri. Panoperera mumireniyamu yechipiri, nyika wechesi shasha Garry Kasparov akasika nyika PCA - Professional Chess Association, iro rwakatora makore matatu chete. Zvisinei, munguva yakadai pfupi iye akakwanisa "kuumba" yakawanda simba vatambi. World wechesi shasha, akadzidziswa uye kuratidza unyanzvi yako PCA, kunoonekwa sechinhu "mutsigiri mukuru chaiwo mutambo."

Young tarenda Norway

Kunyange vaiona mutambo ine nhoroondo refu kukura, Tournaments dzakawanda akaitwa pariri ichangopfuura. Hondo yokupedzisira nokuda wechesi korona yakaitwa mwedzi mishoma yapfuura. The Tournament, uyo wakaitwa muna Chennai, India, akaratidza vateereri zvinoshamisa mugumisiro. Kokutanga munhoroondo Championships vakakunda akadaro mukomana. Makumi-maviri Norwegian Magnus Carlsen akanga paakavapa musoro "World Chess Champion." In kwakanaka kurwa muduku grandmaster akahwina tenzi Indian Vishvanatana Ananda. mitambo Muna gumi chete Tournament dzakaguma nyasha jaya grandmaster. Nhasi, kuitika nyika wechesi shasha kubva Norway chepamusoro zvikuru vatambi zvenyika. Izvi chepamusoro wechipiri pashure Magnus Carlsen Levon Aronian ndiye. Rinogumisa vatungamiri vatatu vabva reRussia Vladimir Kramnik. Kunze zvakakomba zvinhu wechesi, Magnus Carlsen vaudzewo pachayo iri Modelling mubhizimisi. mifananidzo yake kazhinji zvinoshongedza kavha yemagazini nevakawanda GQ.

Back musha mitambo

Vaimbove nyika wechesi shasha, akaberekwa muna India. zita rake - Viswanathan Anand. Akakunda wenyaya yakanakisisa mutambi munyika muna 2007. Akazvarwa grandmaster rehurumende Madras muna 1969. mudzidzisi yokutanga yakanga mai vake Indian. Vaidzidzisa remangwana yakakurumbira chikuru tenzi unyanzvi kuisa "nhoo". nokukurumidza Viswanathan kuva yakanaka mutambi muIndia. Kubvira 1993, Anand abudirire paChikoro Tournaments siyana munyika Championships. Musoro "World Chess Champion" Hindu Zvinovhiringidza 2007, kurova Vladimir Kramnik. Kwapera gore, Viswanathan Anand anosimbisa zita rake zvinobudirira kushora Bonn. Muna 2013, Indian akasvika panzvimbo duku Norwegian.

Dear vanatenzi Soviet

Vladimir Kramnik voruzhinji inozivikanwa se regumi nyika wechesi shasha. Yekwako ndiyo unyanzvi grandmaster Tuapse. Ipapo Vladimir akaberekwa muna 1975. Kramnik ndomumwe wevaya vane chiremera uye kuzvikudza musoro mudziviriri "dzekare wechesi" maererano Professional Chess Association. Uyezve, Vladimir Borisovich kwakakodzera zvakanaka tenzi Russian kuti mutambo chimiro ichi.

Muna 1991, Kramnik akapiwa zita International Grandmaster. Kusvikira panguva iyi ake yokupedzisira budiriro waiva musoro nyika shasha pakati juniors. Vladimir haasi chete sowakajeka kumiririrwa Russia panguva dzakawanda makwikwi ari chikwata renyika.

Yokutanga zvinokosha kukunda Kramnik aiva anototi 2000. Zvakange ipapo muLondon, yeRussia akaisa "naye" kuna compatriot ake, rapfuura nyika shasha Garry Kasparov. Makore mana gare gare, Vladimir akasangana ari wechesi bhodhi pamwe Peter Leko. Shure hondo refu vokuRussia akadzivirira ake zvepamusoro. Muna 2006 Kramnik unobatanidzwa maererano PCA nyika musoro pamwe chete rokuti kubudikidza Fide, kuhwina ari kubatana machisa Veselina Topalova. A gore gare gare anopfuura yakakwirira chinzvimbo chizvarwa India - Viswanathan Anand.

Nematatu World Champion

Chimwe nokururamisira rinozivikanwa ndeuke munyika wechesi ndiye Garry Kasparov. Grandmaster akaberekwa muna 1963. A chizvarwa Baku pakutanga akatakura zita Weinstein. Kokutanga imwe wechesi bhodhi baba vake akadyara. ipapo Harry nemakore mashanu. Muna 1976 makanga wokutanga chiitiko chinokosha muupenyu mukomana, uye akava mutsigiri mukuru USSR Chess Championship. Makore maviri gare gare Kasparov sowakajeka vakunde iri mutambo, "Sokolsky Memorial", iyo yakaitwa Minsk. Kuburikidza chiitiko ichi, Harry rave paakavapa musoro Tenzi Sports.

Muna 1980, Kasparov akapedza chikoro ine menduru yegoridhe. Chete gore kwakaratidzwa neimwezve chiitiko chinokosha muupenyu wechiduku wacho. In Dortmund, akanga paakavapa musoro nyika shasha pakati juniors. Panguva iyoyo, Kasparov aiva gotwe grandmaster munyika.

Pazera vaduku gumi tarenda anova shasha of USSR. The goho rokutanga GM mumitambo vakuru kwakaitika muna 1984. mupikisi yake raiva Anatoly Karpov. Kutamba mutambo wenyika wechesi shasha yakanga chinyorwa iri refu. The mutambo kwakatora inoverengeka, kubva September 1984 kusvika February 1985. The Tournament yakanga vakakunda Karpov. The pamusangano unotevera vemifananidzo vaviri yakaitwa September 1985. The vakatozodzokera of makwikwi raiva Moscow. Zviri pano, uye akazivisa 13 nyika wechesi shasha. Vakava Garry Kasparov, uyo vakarova rapfuura "Mambo bhodhi uye the pawn" pamwe mamakisi pakati 13:11. Kusvikira pakutanga kwezana remakore maviri okutanga, unyanzvi grandmaster rave akaratidza kodzero dzayo kuti zvepamusoro kutanga pamusoro Fide shanduro, uye ipapo maererano PCA. Makore gumi namashanu pashure zviitiko yeRussian tenzi mutambo akarasa kuna compatriot ake Vladimir Kramnik. Nokudaro, musoro nyika shasha rainge rarasika.

paakapiwa rokuti

Anatoly Karpov ndiye wegumi nyika wechesi shasha. Akaberekerwa Russian muguta Zlatoust, akaberekwa muna 1951. Kuburikidza baba vake Karpov pazera makore mashanu, okutanga vakadzidza nezve munyika wechesi. Pana gumi, Anatoly akava tenzi yemitambo chimiro ichi. An dzinonakidza chokwadi kupiwa musoro nyika shasha Karpov. Kuva yakawana nemigumisiro yakanaka mudiki machisi, wechiduku tarenda angosimuka yemarudzi mutambo. mupikisi wake aifanira Robert Dzheyms Fisher. Zvisinei, nguva pfupi asati kutanga mutambo the American akaramba kubatanidzwa. Saka, wegumi nyika shasha Anatoly Karpov akagamuchira rokuremekedza. Mumakore akatevera, GM yakaratidza kuti ndiye akakodzera kupfeka musoro zvichiguma dzakakwirira. Chess mutambi chaizvo zvinobudirira anoitwa pa makwikwi siyana. Nokuda kukunda kwake muMilan muna 1975. Pashure Italian vachikunda zvakateverwa hapana zvishoma hunoshamisa mberi Manila, Rovinj-Zagreb nemamwe maguta. Karpov katatu mutsigiri mukuru USSR. Grandmaster Anotiwo nyika zvinyorwa vakawanda Unobata. Munguva yose ariko mutambo hapana akagona kubudirira zvabuda akadaro, izvo zvasvika Anatoly Karpov.

American Bobby

Robert Dzheyms Fisher - wokutanga nyika wechesi mhare United States. inozivikanwa se Bobby nyika munharaunda. Magazini "Chess Information" ainzi yakanakisisa mutambi ari American ramakumi remakore. Gift nokutamba chesi akarizarurirwa hanzvadzi. Bobby vachishingaira dzichiri unyanzvi hwavo, uye pazera remakore gumi akakunda US zita iri wechesi pakati vechidiki. Kwapera gore, iye akamutsa chinzvimbo chake akura ushasha, achiva gotwe mutambi uyo yakawana inoshamisa kubudirira zvakadaro mudiki. Ndava nemakore gumi, Fischer akava grandmaster, vachisiya kuti mugumisiro Borisa Spasskogo, vakagamuchira zita muna makore ane gumi namanomwe. Pamwe chete nenzvimbo yokutanga wechesi mutambi Bobby World Tournament. Muna 1972, Fischer anoisa "nhoo" Soviet-French grandmaster uye anopiwa zita.

The wegumi weNobel enyika ushasha

Boris Spassky akaberekwa muna 1937 muna Leningrad. Ndakadzidza kutamba Chess aine makore mashanu. Mune mashanu remakore rechimakumi maviri Boris kokutanga anotora chikamu chokupedzisira pavaipfuura ushasha of USSR uye uchenjeri akahwina. Zvegore, Spassky akanga paakavapa musoro International Grandmaster. Pazera matatu nemaviri, akabereka nyika wechesi shasha kubudikidza akundwe Tigran Petrosian. Makore mashomanana gare gare transmits zvepamusoro American Bobby Fischer.

grandmasters Soviet

Tigran Petrosian akaberekwa muna 1929 muna Tbilisi. Title kuti dzakawanda grandmaster wechesi Soviet akagamuchira muna 1952. Mushure mechinguva chinova vakakodzera Tenzi Sports Soviet Union. By mukuwana musarudzo Tournament muna 1962, Tigran anoenda rose. Ikoko akakunda nyika rokuremekedza, raiva pamberi compatriot ake Mikhail Botvinnik. Makore manomwe gare gare, musoro inoenda Borisu Spasskomu.

The mazita vakundi munyika Championships hunodzorwa reSoviet wechesi vaitsigira pakati pavanhu venyika. Kuwedzera kune izvi, naivowo vanosanganisira Vasily Smyslov, Aleksandr Alehin, Mikhail Tal uye Mikhail Botvinnik. Yokupedzisira ndiyo yokutanga shasha Soviet mumutambo uyu.

Mikhail Botvinnik akaberekwa muna 1911 muna Vyborg province. Makore makumi matatu nemanomwe pashure pokuberekwa kwake Mikhail anova nyika wechesi shasha kubudikidza kunokunda ane anokumhan'arira kubva Amsterdam Maksa Eyve. Nokuti zvose nguva kuitawo makwikwi Botvinnik vairidza mapati gumi zana.

Kupfuura mumwe rokuti

Pakurukurwa Mikhail Botvinnik, Maks Eyve - wechishanu World Chess Champion. yokwaakazvarirwa ndiye Amsterdam. Mumakore mana, mukomana akatanga kufarira wechesi. Pazera gumi, akatanga kubatanidzwa makwikwi. Muna 1935, Max Euwe akanga paakavapa musoro nyika wechesi shasha.

Title ndokupfuura pazviri, saka kutaura, nhaka kubva GM Aleksandra Alehina. Soviet Chess mutambi kwenguva refu nguva nechivimbo vakatonga vamwe vatambi. Musoro wenyika wechesi shasha Alekhine akagamuchira mushure mutambo amborohwa Hose Raulem Capablanca muna 1927. Kamwe rokuremekedza yave akarasika. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1935 mune rimwe machisi pamwe Maksom Eyve. Zvisinei, pashure penguva zita rukaporeswa. grandmaster Soviet ndiye chete munhu munhoroondo mutambo, uyo akafa Undefeated.

"The Zimbabwe Turk"

Muna 1888, iye akaberekwa ari Havana Jose Raul Capablanca-uye-Graupera. inozivikanwa se "The Zimbabwe Turk" munhoroondo wechesi. Saka Capablanca akadana kusavapo zvikanganiso panguva mapati. Cuban Champion rokuremekedza akunda muna 1921. mupikisi yake raiva Emanuel Lasker. Capablanca akapikisa grandmaster inozvikudza chakaitika kare kare mutambo. Zvisinei, Lasker achiri havabvumirani kutamba tarenda muduku. Nechivimbo chokukunda, mumwe pashure perimwe akadzinga Jose Raul, nepo muna 1927 hazvina kudana nokuda mutambo Aleksandr Alehin. Ipapo ikorona wechesi mutongi wenyika yakachinja wayo. Vakava munhu womunyika Soviet Union.

Psychology uye mutambo

Second World Chess Champion - Emanuel Lasker. Akaberekerwa muna 1868 mu Germany. Iye ane zvinyorwa kunoshamisa munyika wechesi kwenyika; German League musoro vaiva kwemakore makumi maviri nemanomwe. Izvi haana zvakaitika munhoroondo mutambo. Masayendisiti akawanda dana Lasker "piyona" mumunda mupfungwa yokusvika dzamaoko wechesi. Muna 1894 paGungano World Championship mu New York Emanuel wokutanga kukunda. Akanga paakavapa musoro shasha. zvinobudirira Azviita kusvika makore 68.
Muna 1836, Prague akaberekwa Vilgelm Steynits - wokutanga nyika wechesi shasha. Dzidziso dzake akanga chaizvo kwakabatsira mberi pakukura nhoroondo yose wechesi. World zita rakapiwa Steinitz ari nani akura zera. Panguva iyoyo akanga ava namakore makumi mashanu okuzvarwa.