Statism - ndiko ... Statism: zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira

Shoko rinobva statism French "pokupidigura hurumende nechisimba", iro rinoreva kuti "mamiriro". Statism - ndiyo pfungwa uchifunga mune zvematongerwo enyika, izvo anoona mamiriro sezvo kumusoro kuita uye zvinangwa evanhu kukura.

Shoko rokuti "statism"

Nhoroondo rokuti dzakatangira mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19 kuFrance. baba vake anonzi kuva chiFrench Swiss Numa Droz. Akabudirira enyika uye publicist. Muna 1881 uye 1887 akashanda seMutungamiri Swiss Union. Democrat pachisikirwo uye takasununguka anokumhan'arira kuti gutsaruzhinji, akadana nokusimbaradza centralization of Swiss Confederation. Numa Droz akatanga kushandisa mashoko okuti "statism" chete pachinhu munzanga wataura pfungwa dzinokosha kupfuura pfungwa dzavo pachavo rusununguko uye munhu akazvimiririra.

In ose nyika pane zvinhu kwegadziriro inonzi etatizm. Zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira ichi chinoshamisa enyika dzakawanda kudzidza mumazuva edu. Zvisinei, kwete vakawanda vanoona ichi political chinhu chakanaka kuti nyika yavo.

vamiririri

The inokosha Pfungwa, zvakanaka uye kunaka zvinobatanidzwa statism kwakaedzwa kwemazana emakore anoverengeka. Fani iyi ichakurukurwa pasi pose. The chikuru dzinomiririra statism vari vazivi, nezvoupfumi, vezvematongerwo enyika uye vanyori venhau dzakaitika. Kune akadhindwa zhinji uye nyaya iyi. About ndiro rine chokwadi ehurumende achinyora kunyange vazivi izvi yekare munzanga, sezvo Aristotle uye Plato, pfungwa dzavo raitsigirwa gare gare muna Italy - Niccolo Machiavelli, England - Hobbes, Germany - Hegel.

Misimboti statism

The chikuru musimboti ndechokuti huru basa rehurumende muzvirongwa zvose. Izvi zvinosanganisira enyika, pakunamata, zvoupfumi, uye zvemitemo drafting. Basa hurumende midziyo - ndiko kudiwa wechigarire kukanganisa zvose zvoupenyu hwavo paruzhinji. Kubva musi pfungwa iyi, nzanga haisi kukwanisa chete kuzvitonga: hurumende inofanira "vanobatsira" vagari dzavo.

Chimwe chikuru statism ndechokuti hurumende - ndiwo anokonzera kukura. Havana kodzero iripo, toga makambani, vezvenhau, chero mhando bhizimisi. Hurumende midziyo - mumwe monopolist chero nzvimbo yebasa.

Rinotevera musimboti unonzi interventionism. Kuti hapana chimwe, sezvo mutemo wehurumende Kupindira muupenyu private vanhu. Chinangwa chikuru chemusha Hurumende anofunga kudzivisa chimurenga, kudzora maindasitiri, utariri uye richiona kuti mukanyiwa dzose mabhora kwoupenyu vanhu vayo.

Chimwe chinokosha pamusoro statism - ndiwo mutemo rinoedza kusimbisa umambo hwaMwari kwose kwose. Ivo kumanikidza chitendero yezvisikwa wose, uye nemhaka iyi pane "Churchification" mamiriro. Maererano nechokwadi statists, chechi inofanira kuva nezvahunoita mabhora ose upenyu hwevanhu. Mune mamwe manzwi, ibasa uye privatization chitendero. Zvisinei, mumwe mutemo wakadaro, sezvinoratidzwa nyaya, hauna vakatongerwa kubudirira, inotungamirira totalitarianism, izvo kuwedzera afanane Bolshevism uye National Socialism (Nazism, fascism).

Goodies

Funga zvakanakira nekuipira kuti statism. Mumwe mukuru zvinobatsira kuti vanhu vanotora chikamu mukuvaka simba, akazvimirira uye yakabudirira nyika, riri zvinobudirira kuita Mararamiro basa. Kurarama pasi ndima imwe nyika, vanhu havafaniri kunetseka zvavo munzanga kusachengeteka, Kuwanikwa mabasa uye pasi kwevari upfumi. Vane chivimbo chakazara muna rehurumende, uye ipapo, akavapindurawo, rinovapa chivimbo mune remangwana. Zvakaratidza nyore zano: vanhu vakakanda vhoti vavo nyasha, uye ivo vanofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti vanhu vayo akachengeteka uye munzanga nokuchengeteka gavhuna. Asi sezvo tinoziva, hapana hurongwa anoshanda Zvakanakisa, saka tava kuenda neizvi kurutivi mari.

nezvayakaipira

Hurumende anobata nzvimbo kwakakwana basa rayo. Uye mune mamwe mashoko tinogona kutaura kuti statism - ndiko kuti pave muenzaniso "Mwari panyika". Pane inonzi nationalization kwose upenyu hwevanhu. No zvoupenyu basa umo hurumende haana kutora chikamu. Kutaura zvazviri, statism - Kudzora diki uye svikiro kadikidiki bhizimisi, vose zvivako, chikafu zvekutepfenyura, mapazi mumagariro upenyu. Pane wakakwana utariri centralization. Legal statism kunosanganisira nokuiswa zvinangwa uye tsika. Kuparadzwa veruzhinji pave anokudzwa pakati bureaucratic mapurisa ehurumende muchimiro zvachose statism.

Population nyore kutendeuka imwe huru inert guru, iro rinogona nyore kudzorwa.

Statism uye Anarchism

Niccolo Machiavelli uye Georg Wilhelm Hegel ndivo kupfuura aripo theorists kukudziridza pfungwa statism. Vaidavira kuti statism - ndiwo akasiyana zvachose anarchism. Mukuona kwavo, nzira inobudirira pakubata nemhirizhonga mumigwagwa, kuba, kuponda uye mamwe mayhem ndiko kuwedzera basa kwehurumende.

Machiavelli akatsvaka ndimutsidzire yaparara Italy, vakatambudzwa panguva nokupedzwa zvaibiwa kwakaenderera. nzvimbo yake zvizere kuzowanikwawo Hegel, uyo aida simba nokuda Germany. Akatsvaka nechokwadi kuti vokuGermany zvose kuti ibatane uye vabvume kuti ndevenyu ravo nehurumende uye uteerere mirayiro yayo.

Uye Machiavelli uye Hegel aidavira kuti yakasimba monopolistic nesimba kunokosha kuti rusununguko rwevanhu. Vakanga zvakare chokwadi kuti vanhu vanofanira kutora chikamu pakasikwa mitemo uye kugadzirisa zvinokosha nyaya ehurumende chechetere. muenzaniso uyu akazorayira zita "nemutsika". Nyika zhinji vakashandisa mumazuva edu.

mienzaniso etatizma

History anoyeuka mienzaniso yakawanda kuedza statism. Izvi zvinosanganisira masimba akadai Japan, China, USA, Azeybardzhan. Zvinoonekwa zvinhu chinhu chakadai statism muRussia zvakare.

chimwe chezvinhu unoshamisa mienzaniso munyika asi yaiva yokutanga purezidhendi Turkey , Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, (akatonga 1923-1938). Akatsvaka "oderzhavit" emakambani zvose uye masangano, izvo, kwake mafungiro, akanga kufarira zvishoma kusvika hurumende. kuchinja ake uye kuedza kushandura yose Rongai masimba kwaisanganisirei zvimwe zvachinja. Statism muchimiro "Kemalism" kuzivikanwa dzidziso pamutemo pakati Turkish hurumende, kumuisa purogiramu Republican vanhu Party (1931), uye kunyange yakasimbiswa munhu mubumbiro (muna 1937).

Kuti tinzwisise zvakawanda statist pfungwa, vanogona kureva mabhuku. Dzhorzh Oruell akanyora zvinoshamisa sezvazviri uye tendeka itsva dystopia, yakatsaurirwa zvikurukuru pfungwa nationalization kuti kumativi ose. The nganonyorwa unonzi "1984", uye ine mukurumbira guru munyika yose. Zano yakaitika vemungano nyika kuti hurumende midziyo anochengeta zvinhu zvose pasi pesimba uye pokudzora: vanhu kwose kwose filmed. Hapana nzvimbo kunyange upenyu pachedu, uye chikamu ose ndizvo chose pasi pokudzora webato. Vanhu havabvumirwi kufunga, shamwari uye rudo. Chero chiito zvisiri pamutemo ndekwokuda apara mhosva, iro siyana uye vari vaisanganisa ose zuva. Mushure bhuku rino nyika akabata mweya uye kutya nokushaiwa mugumisiro wakadaro pacharo.

Statism muRussia

Legal statism anopararira munyika yose nokuda emakore apfuura akawanda. Uye Russia ndiyo kutanga enyika hakuiti kuzeza. Zvemamiriro pfungwa pakuona neimwe hurumende.

The Russian statism huratidzwe nokuda chidhiraivho zvido mumapoka simbi, mafuta uye gasi, uyewo kudzora zviduku uye svikiro kadikidiki bhizimisi. Kutaura zvazviri, hurumende pave ndiye ari kupfuura makambani, inova huru mitero munyika iyoyo. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, mutemo chokuita sectors idzi dzichichinja haisi tsitsi vanhuwo zvavo.

Zvisinei, zvinosuwisa kuti nehanya yomutero - hachisi chiratidzo chete statism muRussia. The State zvakare apindira mumabhizimisi duku, kunyange nomumwe kuti inopa pasi purofiti utsanana, kuitira, kuwana zvokudya kana mabasa mumataundi maduku. Mitemo vari dzichichinja, uye dzimwe nguva vanova zvisingatsungiririki zvebhizimisi. Saka, zvinoita sokuti hurumende midziyo unopisa imwe emakambani duku voga.

statism nhasi

Nhasi, dzokuMadokero masayendisiti enyika vauya rwakafanana nokubvumirana. Vane chokwadi chokuti dzidziso dzose statism mune tsika kunoguma nehurumende capitalism, kuti emuchiuto hwenyika uye zvinotungamirira ane zvombo rudzi (ichi chakanga, kunyanya, uye utongi hwechiKomonisiti).

Nokuti ichi uye vazhinji nezvimwe zvikonzero, vanhu munyika vachifarira hweruzhinji uye yorusununguko mupfungwa. Vakanga kuramba kuda pamwe murugare nehurumende michini uye kuti inokumbira zvakanaka mashoko. Asi kutevedzera zvizere uye kuva pasi simba zvakazara uye kudzora kwavo mamiriro haadi chero mugari.