Structure mbeu bhinzi (mufananidzo)

mhando mbiri kubereka vangazivikanwa ari chirimwa nyika: asexual uye zvepabonde. Wokutanga mhando zvinosanganisira nzira dzakadai kupararira enhaka mashoko, sezvo zvakananga muchitokisi nokupesana, vegetative - neboka masero somatic, uye kupararira kwakaita haploid masero kushandiswa - spores. Wechipiri, zvakawanda mberi chimiro - zviri dzepabonde kubereka, zvichiita kuti paumbwe mbeu. Richiwanika muupenyu kutenderera gymnosperms uye maruva zvinomera, anonziwo angiosperms. In bepa iri isu funga kwokunze nemamiriro mbeu bhinzi, tsvaka mamiriro ezvinhu anodiwa kuti kukura kwayo, uyewo kuona kuti zvinobatsira miriwo vakakwanisa mbeu kubereka.

Chii uye sei mbeu zviri aumba?

Bean - thermophilic tsika wepagore legume mhuri, ine maruva mamirire chimiro chakatodzana shavishavi mukachikepe kana akagara wakapetwa mapapiro. Inside ruva imwe chikamu, yainzi pistil, iyo rudiment mbeu chakavanzika pasi wayo goko mudumbu zai. Chinhu diploid oocyte uye mamiriro, anotaurwa so nechepakati muchitokisi. Ivo uchingogara isa fotereza dzisingaoneki maviri, zvichizoita uye pane mbeu nebhinzi. Ndiyo utachiona, ndiri werudzi Organic yeimwe kuti kukura cotyledons maviri, uye nezvifukidziro, yainzi mbeu jasi.

Ndezvipi mbeu dicotyledons

All maruva miti pamwe cotyledons vaviri aumba somugumisiro wekusangana michero ine mhodzi mukati nokuumbwa iyo huru basa iri reDare nhengo dzose ruva: Calyx, Corolla ose petals, androecium zvinosanganisira Stamens uye, chokwadi, pamwe pistil mbeu zvokuvamba. Structure mbeu bhinzi kudzidza mugiredhi 6 Aingoziva zvipenyu chikamu sezvo bhotani. It ane ellipsoid chimiro, nemhaka iyo anoyevedza mari urume unobatanidzwa ane duku pamusoro nharaunda.

chinhu ichi waanodzikisira nokudyidzana mbeu pamwe zvakatipoteredza. The kwokunze nemamiriro bhinzi mbeu afanane huru excretory nhengo wemuTesitamende mhuka. Kune tsanangudzo kuripo kwevanhu - neitsvo bhinzi serin'i. Mukati, ivo concave kurutivi rumen ndiyo - nzvimbo bhinzi mbeu wanamatira ichibhabhamisa muchero yakaoma, bhinzi hereinafter. Saka zita chirimwa mhuri - bhinzi. Rine zvinopfuura chiuru. 12 Species. Most nhengo dzayo - herbaceous siyana, asi pane nemiti yakabva kune dzimwe. Pakati bhinzi vanodana rekodhi zviri zvinokosha miriwo mapuroteni: ndiko Sou, pizi, nenyimo, nenyemba.

Seed mamiriro uye zvaanoreva

Tikaramba kutarisa nemamiriro mbeu bhinzi. Edza pazasi, anoratidza kuvapo yambotaurwa zvikamu, kureva mbeu jasi, maviri cotyledons uye mudumbu iri therebetween.

Sezvakataurwa, kuruvanze chikamu - rinokwatuka mbeu - imbeu utachiona rinobva machira (integuments). It anoita mashandiro vadzivirirwe desiccation, akanyanyisa tembiricha zvimwe kwakaomarara abiotic zvinhu. Chokwadi, chikuru mamiriro imbeu mudumbu. Sei izvi zvakadaro, ngationei mune chinotevera.

mudumbu dicot

Sezvatinoita rangarira, mu nedanho kaviri muchangosangana yokusafa maruva miriwo chete, ari zai - iri zygote - Virtual zvipuka zvine masero akawanda inotungamirwa. It anonzi embryo ane zvikamu zvitatu: embryonic mudzi, dzinde uye plumule. Nyatsoteerera dzomunyika nemamiriro bhinzi mbeu. Scheme yaiva mberi kunoratidza kuti embryo makachengeteka chakavigwa pakati cotyledons, harisi chete chinonyanya kukosha, asi zvikuru akatunhidzwa uye kudzivirirwa marongerwo. Next, isu ichapindura mubvunzo, ndedzipi mabasa kuri muna dzinokosha zvinoumba embryo.

embryo mudzi

The zvakawanda munyika miti zvakanaka kunyatsobudirira midzi: huru, divi kana paranasal. Grass, nemiti uye muti marudzi zvingaite nezvemarudzi maviri zvivako pevhu kuti vari botanically kunzi chinoumba uye fibrous midzi. Somugumisiro, havana tatanga kukura chete chikamu - embryonic mudzi. Kutanga kwayo Sero nokupesana chirimwa physiology ndiyo chokuratidza mukuru naro Unotsanangura kutanga mashandiro akadai mbeu imere. Beans, madomasi, pizi nemamwe nokupisa-rudo uye tsitsi kune mvura zhinji zvirimwa inoda optimum wemishonga siyana zvezvakatipoteredza zvinhu, saka kuti izvi kwakaguma muna chidzoke rutsva zvirimwa duku.

Cotyledons vavo muchinangwa nechouviri pamusoro seedling

Kuti mbeu aigona imere zvaida kuchengeterwa inotonhorera yeimwe: shuga, amino acids, mafuta. In dicots iye aunganidza ari cotyledons. Mukutanga mudumbu kumera Organic zvinhu unobuda muna ichiputswa chimiro, vakawanda dziripo kuitwa nemasero. At seedling cotyledons pakati dicotyledonous zvinomera vanotanga nemabasa wokutanga pasi, vanonzi embryo mashizha. Kunyange zvakadaro, havana kuita photosynthesis uye kupa jaya chirimwa ose anodiwa epurasitiki zvinhu.

Chii kumera mbeu?

Uyu vasiri muitiro iyo inobva mashandiro yokuchinjira kubva Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa nguva muupenyu mbeu yezviri kukura Danho mudumbu zvikamu: midzi uye kunokonzerwa mashizha. Somugumisiro, mashoko seedling wokutanga rinowanika, uye ipapo zvichiumba chirimwa. Imhandoi hunovambira bhinzi mbeu? Photos nechipiriso pazasi rinonyatsoratidza kuti wekutanga kachitanga embryonic mudzi, dzinde uye kunoita pamusoro pasi cotyledon mashizha. Kwapera nguva kukura pfungwa yacho hunde, zvinosanganisira apical jira edzidzo - meristem - yakabereka wechokwadi kunosiya bhinzi miti.

The zororo nguva

Pashure ichiibvira, anotaurwa sebhinzi, bhinzi mbeu kumorwa mumunda, havakwanisi pakarepo imere. Kwete chete nokuti bhinzi, asiwo mamwe mapoka, dzakadai madomasi, eggplants, magaka, vanoda nguva kuwana mbeu dzavo zvave post-kukohwa ichiibvira. It kunoratidzwa zvikurukuru nokuti panguva ino ari utachiona masero muviri kuitwa panguva yakaderera chaizvo chechetere. Kufema mbeu iri kushanda kuitwa, mvura tigutsikane idukusa wechitanhatu yose uremu.

Somugumisiro - mbeu vari pokumera shoma simba kukwana kuti kuchinjwa Organic zvinhu cotyledons mu soluble chimiro. Vose kwokunze uye munyika marongerwo bhinzi mbeu latency hapana zvakasiyana nezvinoitwa vegetative penguva apo vari kugadzirira yokudyara muvhu. Kusiyana rondedzera zvikurukuru kuerera mwero metabolic siyana muchitokisi musimboti, iyo yakaderera chaizvo munguva dormancy.

Chii chinodiwa kuti imere embryo

Ari agronomy anogona kusiyanisa zvinotevera ezvinhu kuitira unhu mbeu kumera uye seedling chidzoke zvakanakanaka: kuvapo mvura, tembiricha zvakanaka, okisijeni Kuwanikwa, ari Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri jekeso. Funga izvi zvizere. nzvimbo yokutanga pane redu mazita abiotic ezvinhu mvura. Zvakakosha kuti achazvimba masero, icho pamwe nokusimbisa kufema kwavo.

Kudzidza maumbirwo vembeu bhinzi, takazoziva kuti simba embryo runobvira chete kana makemikari zvinhu zviri cotyledons, muende mhinduro muchimiro. Izvi imhaka mvura mamorekuru, rakapinza kwavo okuchengetera parenchyma. Sezvo rudo kupisa-zvirimwa, bhinzi rinobuda zvakanaka zvakanaka zuva-zvakafadza ivhu. Asi chiedza hazvirevi kukanganisa kumera simba. For chakagadzirwa rutoto mbeu kubva Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa ezvinhu vari kubatwa muviri zvakadai phytohormones.

Uyewo kuitisa kugamuchirwa scarification, kureva mechanically kuvhiringidza kuvimbika ganda, pasina kunokuvadza nemamiriro kuti vari chikamu womukati maumbirwo vembeu bhinzi, kunyanya cotyledon uye utachiona. Saka, zvose zvinhu izvi okurima mhanyisa kumera muitiro zvirimwa.