Systemically kukosha mabhanga: mazita. mabhanga Systemically kukosha Russia

Banks sezvo rudzi masangano ezvokutengeserana, kune rumwe rutivi, kutamba inokosha basa upfumi, uye kuno rumwe - panyaya zviratidzo zviri dambudziko yokurera - zvingakanganiswa kupfuura vamwe nemhaka akakodzera kunaka zvinhu. Somugumisiro, vanogona kuva, akavapindurawo, ari mutoro National upfumi panguva mbudo kubva dambudziko. Asi simba ehurumende - kuzvidzivisa. Nokudaro, Central Bank of Russian Federation yakasarudza nyora zvikuru inogona kuenderera bhengi mari masangano, nani kupfuura chero kudzivirirwa kubva zvinokonzerwa nematambudziko, uye naizvozvo haangagoni chete kuva mutoro nokuda bhajeti, asiwo kusimudzira goho National upfumi ezvinhu akaoma pazviri parizvino . Izvo zvemari Masangano vanobatanidzwa pazvinhu izvi?

Musimboti nemabhangi systemically zvinokosha

mabhanga Systemically zvinokosha Russia - chii mamiriro ichi? Iri izwi rinoreva guru zvikwereti masangano ayo, tichitarisa pokuita vaya kana zvimwe zvinodiwa, vanoonekwa setisina zvikuru nokuda upfumi mamiriro. zviratidzi kwakadaro kungasanganisira kukosha kubhangi kuti capitalization, mwero pamberi munzvimbo, uyewo manhamba anokosha pamusoro zvinonakisa dzemari mamiriro.

Zvisinei, mukuru mukuru nzira, nenhanho yemirau, iri kudzamara muna Russian Federation. Saka, chimwe mazita nemabhangi systemically kukosha - sezvo, somuenzaniso, rakabudiswa muna July 2015, Central Bank of Russian Federation, akaumba zvikurukuru maererano dzomunyika zvigadziriswe pakati regulator inofungidzirwa. Mazita akakodzera masangano kunogonawo kuva Somuenzaniso, Analytical masangano - akadai "Ria Rating".

hurumende zvido

Zvisinei, pane uchapupu hwokuti nzira dzekuziva kuti unyorwe kumabhengi systemically kukosha foreseeable ramangwana anogona richengetwe panguva zvemitemo chechetere. nyaya iyi, sezvo vaongorori cherechedza, aishanda kubva panguva dzakasiyana-siyana kwevari yokubvunza pamusoro mari pamusika of Russian Federation. mabhanga Russian vari kuti semhosva systemically kukosha - kana isu kutaura pamusoro mazita rakabudiswa angava kodzera rutsigiro neHurumende zvinoitirwawo nematambudziko kubudikidza Central Bank - somuenzaniso, kana vari kuchengetwa pamwe liquidity nematambudziko. Saka, zviremera vangafarira kuramba kutsiga zvikwereti zvemari masangano nokuti kuti ivowo, pave kuunza kutsiga upfumi rose.

The controller inozivisa

Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti muna 2013 Central Bank akabudisa inonakidza Gwaro - chaiyo chirongwa umo zvinodiwa kuti kupatsanura pakati pemahombekombe vakanga akaudza systemically inokosha. mabviro ichi waiti pamazita mabhanga systemically kukosha Russia inogona configured pachishandiswa kukosha yesangano ose masangano, mugove deposits, uyewo kukosha mari kuti vanobatanidzwa mune mamwe masangano zvemari. Relevant kurumbidza zvaibva nzira dzekuziva ari muBasel Committee musi Banking Rinotungamirira, uyewo dzimwe nyanzvi zano. Panyaya iyi, mari mabasa ari Central Bank inofanira kuyerwa, maererano zvokudya nekubatwa, pachishandiswa tsika wacho kuita muna 3 years.

Tinozivawo kuti muna January 2014 Central Bank rakapa nhungamiro pahwaro zvatinopiwa iyo aifanira kutsanangura mazita mabhanga systemically zvinokosha. 2014, sezvo pfungwa nedzimwe nyanzvi, aionekwa mune zvatinoita kuita Kukoshesa - saka kwaari kuMudzidzisi ndaza haina rakabudiswa. Zvisinei, pane chinhu pakatarisana pfungwa maonero. Vamwe vanamazvikokota vanoti gore iyo Central Bank achava kubudisa pamazita mabhanga systemically zvinokosha kutanga muna 2014 yakati zvichava nokuda matambudziko dzinokura kudiwa chidzore mazita mudanga kupfuura chikwereti nemasangano. Zvisinei, Central Bank akaita akaumba runoenzanirana mazita zvemari masangano chete muna July 2015.

mabhanga Systemically kukosha maererano CBR

Funga, naizvozvo, chii zvino Central Bank allocates systemically mabhanga zvinokosha. The Pamazita zvinosanganisira 10 makuru Russian bhengi mari masangano.

zvinoti:

- Sberbank - chikuru bhengi muna Russian Federation;

- VTB - chechipiri pakukura pamahombekombe yesangano iri Russian Federation;

- Agricultural Bank;

- Raiffeisen Bank;

- UniCredit;

- Gazprombank;

- FK "Opening";

- Rosbank;

- PSB;

- Alfa Bank.

Senyanzvi vanofungidzira pasi rino? Market vaongorori vanodavira kuti Central Bank akapa uye rinosanganisira mazita mabhanga systemically kuchikosha, seboka, zvine musoro. Nyanzvi dzakawanda, pfungwa, pamberi regulator akaita pasi ichi, akataura kuti izvi chikwereti uye mari nemasangano achapinda mairi. Kunyange zvazvo, kana chete nekuti zvikoro izvi - the pakukura Russia tichitaura zvinhu. Vanounganidza dzinokwana 60% of Russian rwezvemabhengi guru.

Nzira kubva Central Bank

Kuti Central Bank vanotarisirwa munguva pfupi kubudisa nzira dzekuziva pachishandiswa zvange kuzivikanwa mabhanga systemically kukosha, pakarongwa dzatakurukura pamusoro. Izvi, kunyanya, akataura vamiririri regulator ari nhau hurukuro. Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti vamwe nzira riwanikwe nevoruzhinji iye zvino - kana Paunoongorora ruzivo pachaunga zvabudiswa of CBR. Saka, mumwe wavo akati kuti October 1, 2015 kuzo nemabhangi systemically inokosha ichakurukurwa nechiidzo unonyatsoratidza pfupi-rokuti liquidity. Zvinodiwa mutengo wayo zvishoma nezvishoma wedzera. Zvichava Pakutanga zvokufungidzira mwero 60%, asi muna 2019 zvichaita kunge 100%.

Chinonziwo kuti Central Bank muna 2016 Uchamisa zvinodiwa guta buffers - maererano dzekuziva kuti akaronga muBasel audzwa. The runoenzanirana mufananidzo kuva kwokunwa guru inokosha vaifanira kuzadzisa nokurasikirwa ari chiitiko ane dambudziko, vaizofanira kuva 0,625% nokuremekedza zvinhu weighted ne ngozi. Gore negore, chokuratidza richava kuwedzera inoomesera. Pakazosvika 2019, mabhengi achadawo nechokwadi kuti guru buffer iri kukosha 2.5%.

optimum representativeness

Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti chaiyo kuti anoda kuti chidzore nemabhangi reRussia systemically kukosha, muna 2014, zvainzi kuti chitsama mbiri uye zvemari masangano aripo ndandanda zvinofanira kusanganisira kanenge 80% of Russian musika rwezvemabhengi zvinhu.

Panyaya iyi, vamwe vanamazvikokota vanoti vari ndandanda systemically yokutanga inokosha masangano vachava kumativi 50 masangano. Uyezve, munguva imwe pakabvunzurudzwa vezvenhau vamiririri Central Bank mumatsutso 2014 yakashuma kuti yakakodzera chinzvimbo vanofanira kugamuchira mabhanga 19, kuunganidza, akavapindurawo, 70% of guru mumusika renyika.

Anosvika kuna tinyatsonzwisisa mabhanga systemically zvinokosha

Saka, isu akatarira nzira dzakawanda kuti takatsunga ne mabhanga systemically kukosha. Ivo akarongwa, rinoumbwa Central Bank, isuwo aongororwe. Vanoti chii vamiririri nemasangano zvemari uye musika vaongorori pakuti kuumba runoenzanirana mazita uye nenheyo rokuzvigadzira yaro?

Saka, vanhuwo nemaonero, maererano izvo chinzvimbo ari systemic kukosha kubhangi - hazvina kudaro zvakawanda zvinodiwa sezvo zvakawedzera basa. Credit uye sangano zvemari, izvo vakamugamuchira, kuti vave vakagadzirira kuita mitoro - chokuita Mutongo wechipfuwo zvinetso mamiriro ezvoupfumi, uyewo kuita dzakawanda kukurukurirana vose. Central Bank Vamiririri akasimbisa kuti nemabhengi dzaiva pandandanda systemically chinokosha havafaniri mirawo kuvimba nemari kubva hurumende. A basa guru pakubatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko zvichibvira mune tsika, sezvataurwa ne pamusoro Mamaneja of Central Bank inofanira kuridza shareholders.

Nzira dzekuziva nadzo kupatsanura pakati pemahombekombe negadziriro: Expert Mutengo

Chii Nyanzvi vanoti pamusoro rakabudiswa panguva iyoyo Central Bank nzira apo mabhanga dzinoiswa sezvo systemically kuchikosha? Nokudaro, vaongorori chaizvo chokwadi kuongorora chirongwa of Central Bank muchiedza zvinodiwa pamusoro guru buffers. Zvisinei, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinofarirana, tinotevedzera chii zvikonzero musimboti bhengi akaisa chinyorwa anoratidza nesu pamusoro.

Maererano vamwe vaongorori, chinhu chokuratidza kukosha kunyatsoongorora kutsiga Russian mari zvikoro zvinofanira kuva unhu management. Kana Bank dzinotungamirirwa nomazvo mamaneja, zviri kuzvidzosera kunowedzera ayo mikana kubudirira kukurira dambudziko, uyewo kuurayiwa mashandiro kuti inoshandawo upfumi munyika, nyanzvi dzinoti.

kubata vatungamiriri

mabhanga Russian, iyo akaita Central Bank mu ndandanda systemically kuchikosha, vari yakagadzirwa kuti muenzaniso mumwe, zvichida kukwikwidza zvemari masangano, vaongorori vakati.

Pfungwa yokuvimbika kwavo pamberi Russian chikwereti pamusika vechikamu hazvigoni akabvunza, nyanzvi dzinoti, asi masangano zviduku-pamwero, zvingava zvakanaka kukwanisa kuona, nokuda izvo guru mabhanga zvikurukuru dziri kusimukira zvinobudirira uye chokwadi vakaongorora regulator. Panyaya iyi racho Central Bank of zvizere pamazita dzekuziva kuti classifying chikwereti uye mari kumasangano negadziriro kunogona kuva kunokosha chinotiita kuvandudza kunyatsoshanda pamusoro rwezvemabhengi ezvinhu seboka, vaongorori vanoti.