The Roman nhamba Hurongwa - rakanaka, asi zvakaoma?

The Roman nhamba hurongwa zvisinei kwaiwanzonzwika muEurope kuMiddle Ages,, nokuti zvakanga zvakavaomera kushandisa, nhasi zviri anenge kumboshandisa. Rwakatsiviwa zvikuru nyore sezviverengo Arabic, iyo akaita svomhu zvakawanda nyore uye nyore.

Sehwaro yeRoma ino vachatorwa nemasimba gumi, uye hafu yavo. Kare, murume akanga asina chikonzero pakunyora huru uye refu nhamba, saka kuva wose manhamba pakutanga raguma chiuru. Nhamba zvakanyorwa kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi, uye avo makuru uye nhamba kutaurwa.

Musiyano mukuru iri chokwadi kuti weRoma nhamba kwava nonpositional. Izvi zvinoreva kuti urongwa mifananidzo iri rekodhi nhamba hariratidzi ukoshi hwayo. nhamba Roman "1" zvakanyorwa se «I». Zvino isu akaisa zviyero zviviri pamwe chete uye kutarisa zvazvinoreva: «II» - ichi inongova reRoma nhamba 2, apo "11" Mune Zvakanyorwa reRoma calculus so "XI". Kuwedzera kune dzimwe hweBazi manhamba mairi vanoonekwa kuti shanu, gumi, makumi mashanu, mumwe zana, mazana mashanu namakumi chiuru, ayo runotaurwa V, X, L, C, D uye M.

Mune grade hurongwa tinoshandisa nhasi, kusanganisira muna 1756 nhamba yokutanga rinoreva nhamba vezviuru, wechipiri - vamazana, wechitatu - vevane gumi, uye wechina uwandu dzakabatana. Saka, inonzi Positioning System, uye pakuverenga kushandiswa kwayo dzinoitwa nokuwedzera nhengo nematomhu nomumwe. The Roman nhamba hurongwa hwakarongwa zvakasiyana: ine ukoshi rose nhamba iri yakazvimirira uchitanga rekodhi nhamba. Somuenzaniso, kushandura nhamba 168 zvinofanira kufungwa kuti zvose rinogona kuwanikwa kubva dzinokosha kutaurwa: kana digit kuruboshe kupfuura zvakanaka nhamba yacho, nhamba idzi vanobviswa, mune imwe nyaya - akapeta. Saka, 168 achanyorwa sezvo CLXVIII (C-100, LX - 60, VIII - 8). Sezvaunogona kuona, weRoma nhamba hurongwa anoda zvikuru yainetsa chinyorwa nhamba, zvichiita zvikuru zvakavaomera Kuwedzera uye kubvisa makuru nhamba, tisingatauri mufambiro wavo weboka uye chokuwanziridza kushandiswa. The Roman Hurongwa ane mumwe drawback chikuru, kureva kushaikwa razero. Saka, rinoshandiswa mazuvano chete kureva zvitsauko mumabhuku, vaisvika mazana emakore, kunofanira kuyeukwa misi, pasina chikonzero kuita svomhu kushandiswa.

Muupenyu hwezuva nezuva zviri nyore zvikuru kuti kushandisa grade hurongwa, ukoshi nhamba umo chokuita nokuwanda makona mumwe nomumwe wavo. Iye pakutanga akazviratidza muna VI remakore muIndia, uye vatambi mairi zvachose yakanyatsomira chete XVI remakore. MuEurope, Indian nemifananidzo, akadana Arab rakapinda kuburikidza nebasa yakakurumbira yemasvomhu Fibonacci. Kusiyanisa integer uye fractional zvikamu Arabic ezvinhu anoshandisa koma kana kumwedzi. Asi makombiyuta kunyanya kushandiswa kuti binary hurongwa, izvo mune Europe, anoonga basa Leibniz, riri nokuti kuti ude zvinoshandiswa noruzivo rwemakombiyuta, izvo zvinogona maviri chete kushanda nzvimbo.