Thyroid nodules: Zviratidzo uye kurapwa

Thyroid nodules - nevakawanda dambudziko iri momuviri. Chimwe chikuru zvikonzero parinowanika anoonekwa kuti kusava ayodhini pamuviri. zvokurwara Ndiro mugumisiro kwemakemikari anobudiswa-vachivhiringidza basa uye sokunge Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga kukanganisa thyroid shwanu. Kana nguva isina kupedza mishonga, iyo nodules anogona kutsamwisa panowanikwa zvirwere zvakawanda.

The chirwere kunoitika zvakaoma kuti vaumbe mumwe kana kupfuura zvinoriumba kuva inosiyana uye zviratidzo, uyewo zvakasiyana nyanyisa uye benign kosi. inotungamirwa kwakadaro kunogona kuva chinhu Kamudzira kana mvura. Vakawanda nodal dzidzo rworudyi akafukidza thyroid shwanu, saizvozvo sezvo kuruboshwe, benign, asi kuva nechokwadi narwo chirwere kwaizotevera kurapwa. Kana hosha isina nokukurumidza kurapwa, zvinogona kukonzera chimiro pathologies siyana.

Vakawanda nodal dzidzo rworudyi akafukidza thyroid shwanu, uye pamwe zera mukana parinowanika inowedzerwa. Varume, zvokurwara ichi chinoitika kakawanda kupfuura vakadzi.

The nemamiriro thyroid shwanu

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvomukati ari kwemakemikari anobudiswa hurongwa ndiye thyroid shwanu. It unobereka mahormone ane ayodhini. In chimiro afanane shavishavi uye riri mu mumutsipa.

The thyroid shwanu ine rokuPacific, kuruboshwe uye zvakarurama akafukidza. Kune vamwe vanhu, pane chimwezve mugove kumusoro kubva nekamukwavarara. Masero epithelial ine ari follicle kuti inongomutsa mahormone. A follicle duku sefuro kuti Urume kubva mukati. In zvinetso siyana ari shwanu follicular mvura ichikukura kunoitika, uye somugumisiro varipo nodules.

Chii fundo uye sei kuumbwa

Thyroid nodules vari zvisimbiso kuti vakasiyana maumbirwo kubva utano tishu. Munhu wose anoziva kuti kuipa parameters, anogona kuita Kuzviongorora kuti tizive anomera. A utano thyroid shwanu kunoratidzwa ndechokuti:

• Rine zvakafanana pamusoro pasina miganhu uye dzegirini;
• chete arambe achirema;
• kumanikidzwa nzwisisa marwadzo harimuki;
• lobes vose vari zvakafanana, ichibata.

Kuziva chikonzero nei paiva zvokurwara, zvinokosha kutaura kuti endocrinologist. By nokuwanda thyroid nodules angava:

• roga, kuti kuroorwa;
• mazhinji;
• conglomerate, kureva, nodes akawanda ikashandiswa pamwe nemumwe.

Single Kutarira sezvinoita diki yakabudikira bead uye uve mumwe migove kana pamusoro nekamukwavarara. Multiple hurongwa kunogona chero nzvimbo thyroid shwanu. Nokufamba kwenguva, ivo chokuwedzera uye kuumba nodular goiter. Inogona yakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, kwemakore, kana kuonekwa nokukurumidza, mavhiki mashomanana.

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana thyroid nodules

Kune mhando akawanda akasiyana nodular namamota, iyo yakasiyana marongerwo uye uwandu. Zvichienderana STRUCTURAL features, thyroid nodules ndiwo:

• colloid;
• chikofu;
• adenoma;
• malignancy.

Colloidal zvinoriumba ane zvakawanda hormone angava kuroorwa kana vakawanda. Ivo dzinokura zvishoma nezvishoma uye kazhinji chirwere netsaona, sezvo haina kutsamwisa chero zviratidzo. Dzimwe nguva kungava degeneration munhu benign nebundu kuva akaipa neoplasm.

Chikofu anotarira sezvinoita Kamudzira izere mvura. Kazhinji chinobata vakadzi uye kunoratidzwa anononoka chaizvo kukura. Sezvo hamvuropu wavo anova wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose uye anogona kubatwa ne palpation pamusoro Urume oscillation mukati.

Adenoma anotarira sebhora riri fibrous Kamudzira. Zvinonzi dzinoratidzwa nezvishoma kuwedzera uye haripinduri zvinoverengeka miviri iri. Zvinonzi ainyanya kuwanikwa vanhu kwemakore 40, uye kakawanda kupfuura vakadzi.

Nyanyisa neoplasms vari iya raiva pedyo nebundu ine kenza masero. neoplasm ichi hapana miganhu yakajeka, mahamvuropu, uye kunoratidzwa nokukurumidza. Kuna chingakubata zviri gobvu zvakakwana, asi haakonzeri marwadzo.

The zvinokonzera chirwere

Not zvizere chii kunokonzera paumbwe nodular thyroid akafukidza Zvisinei pane zvimwe predisposing zvinokonzera kuti chirwere chakadai. Zvinhu izvi zvinosanganisira:

• hypothermia;
• kakawanda mupfungwa;
• ikoroji yakaipa;
• ayodhini kushaikwa;
• kuzvimba;
• nhodzera zvakaipa.

Kana supercooling kunoitika vasospasm kuti chinokurwadzai pakakuvara nomumwe zvikamu thyroid shwanu, zvichiguma akaderedza zvikuru kutapata, zvinoita kuti dambudziko foni weboka. Mhaka inondimukira kusunungurwa mahormone chinhu murombo ezvinhu. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera paumbwe anomera.

Kana ayodhini kushaikwa anotanga kuwedzera thyroid. dzidzo Nodal kuchimuka nokuti kuti simbi iri kuedza kuwana ropa kubva chisipo yakawanda ayodhini. Kuzvimba thyroid lobes angava ari weboka anogumbura urongwa, nokudaro nokuumba nodes Similar kuti bundu. Zvokurwara zvinogona kuitika nokuda yedzinza.

Pangozi vari:

• navakadzi;
• vanhu vakura kupfuura makore 55;
• varwere nezvimwe zvirwere kwemakemikari anobudiswa;
• vane nhoroondo mhuri thyroid chirwere.

Vanhu vari muzvikwata izvi hazvo vanofanira kunyatsoongorora kuongorora kwavo mamiriro uye nguva nenguva kuitisa palpation yacho thyroid shwanu. In pamberi marwadzo, nemavhinga kana kuwedzera kukura hazvo vanofanira kuona chiremba uye uonekwe kuziva zvokurwara.

The chikuru zviratidzo nodal dzidzo

Zviratidzo thyroid nodules zvisinganyanyi novimba kukura uye uwandu mahormone. Kushaya Zviratidzo zviri duku kukura kunoratidza kuti njodzi muviri Haibudisi mahormone. Ndokusaka paumbwe kuchava kutanga kwekupwanyiwa anogona chete totsunga panguva Ultrasound kuongorora chirwere.

Cheerleaders vane zviratidzo nodal dzidzo rworuboshwe akafukidza thyroid shwanu, akadai akadai:

• inzwi kuchinja;
• akaita dzikatadza pakuparadza;
• kupfupika mweya;
• fivhiri;
• tachycardia;
• fufune;
• kusimba tsandanyama.

chirwere ichi kunoratidzwa ndechokuti zvinogona kukanganisa vana uye vakuru. The ngozi ndeyokuti pane rakananga kukanganisa muviri uye pfungwa kukura mwana zviratidzo. Muitiro yokurapa inogona kunyatsonanga kunzwisisa.

Kana retrosternal goiter murwere nzvimbo angava nehanya kupfupika mweya uye kunzwa compression ari huro. Mune chiitiko mumwe kana kupfuura zviratidzo zviri chirwere hwobva kutaura chiremba kuongororwa kwaizotevera kurapwa. Zviri nyore zvikuru kuti kubvisa hosha iri kutanga kwekupwanyiwa, pane kubata matambudziko.

Kuitisa chirwere kuti thyroid nodules

Kana thyroid shwanu zvinovhiringidzika, dzidzo nodal mu kwokutanga matanho anogona kuonekwa bedzi pashure wakakodzera kushingaira. Chokwadi vanofanira kuona chiremba kuti zviratidzo chirwere. Vaya vari pangozi, zvakakosha narwo dzose chokudzivirira bvunzo, izvo zvichakubatsira kuziva zvirwere kwokutanga matanho.

Pakutanga endocrinologist achiitisa munhu kuona rokuongorora uye, kana kuzivikanwa nodules vaviri thyroid lobes, ipapo kuongororwa saizi yavo, unyoro, arambe achirema, mufambo, uyewo mamiriro ganda munzvimbo anomera. Shure kwaizvozvo, murwere aifanira rabhoritari yokuedzwa kuti huwandu mahormone muropa. Zvisinei, zvinokosha kuyeuka kuti nhamba iri kukanganiswa zvinhu zvakawanda, zvikurukuru, akadai:

• zvikuru kurovedza muviri;
• pamuviri;
• kutora zvimwe zvinodhaka somushonga;
• chikafu ne pasi mapuroteni kugutsikana.

Uyezve, waya uye scintigraphy, zvichiratidza sumo zvinoreva kuti ine radioactive ayodhini. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti nzira iyi nechirwere ari contraindicated panguva yepamuviri. Zviri fanira vanogadzwa Ultrasound pamusoro thyroid nodules, izvo anobvumira kuona nhamba uye chaiyo nzvimbo yacho namamota, uye kuongorora mamiriro muviri.

Kana tichiita chirwere Ultrasound vanofungidzirwa thyroid chisarudzo. The zvazvingava nerimwe zera boka anogona siyana. Zvisinei, kana ari muduku zvarakasiya, zvinoreva kuti chirwere haagoni kuva. Kupera uchikwira zvingaratidza zvirwere zvakadai:

• nodular goiter;
• chikofu;
• anogumbura pezvakaitwa;
• nyanyisa uye benign anomera.

Achiongorora zvaive Ultrasound chirwere nemigumisiro ine kuita chete chiremba, uyo anogona kuziva diffuse kuchinja ari thyroid shwanu. The raiva pedyo nebundu dhigirii iyi angava munhu benign kana rakaipa hunhu.

Kuti uone kana bundu nyanyisa kana benign, mumwe biopsy rinoitwa. It kunoreva zvakabudiswa zvinyama masero kudzidza navo pasi maikorosikopu. The yose nzira inotongwa Ultrasound zvawanikwa. Maererano migumisiro biopsy, chiremba anosarudza kurapwa.

In varwere biopsy gwaro mapundu ane dhayamita pamusoro 5-10 mm uye zvisina kunanga chiratidzo kuti bundu iri nyanyisa. The chikuru zviri malignancy vanoonekwa akadai:

• raiva pedyo nebundu batana kusachinja-chinja;
• Kuwedzera;
• kupararira pedyo nhengo;
• kutyora vhoti;
• kuvapo Ultrasound zviratidzo.

Kana nokufungirana kuna malignancy nechirwere uye kurapwa vanofanira kuitisa oncologist. Kuongorora thyroid saizi inoitwa tomography, izvo zvinoita kuti vaone chaizvo ayo gandiwa, mamiriro uye kuona node nodes.

Kuitisa nokurapa nodular

Kana murwere chirwere nodal dzidzo rworuboshwe akafukidza thyroid shwanu, kurapwa kunofanira zvakaoma, uye nzira akasarudza kwokurapa zvichienderana kunzwisisa kwakaita chirwere. Self-kurapwa nezvisingabvumwi, sezvo izvi zvinogona kukonzera kwazvo migumisiro matambudziko, ndokusaka zvose zvinodhaka zvinofanira ushandiswe chete pashure pakuongorora endocrinologist.

Benign raiva pedyo nebundu yakachengeteka chose, uye kazhinji haakonzeri kukuvadza zvikuru kune muviri. Treatment muchiitiko ichi rinoitwa nokushandisa somushonga kugadzirira uye mishonga yechivanhu. Akaipa neoplasm hako anosanganisira kuvhiyiwa, sezvazvakanyorwa zvakasimba kukura, metastases kune dzimwe nhengo, uye kungaita kuti rufu nomurwere.

Kana raiva pedyo nebundu iri thyroid shwanu akazviratidza colloid goiter, mishonga isina kuitwa, uye murwere anoratidzwa kugara zvokuongorora, uye kana pane Vanzveri kukura anomera, ipapo chiremba anosarudza nzira yokurapa.

Drug kurapa nechinangwa panguva kudzvinyirira pamusoro mahormone. In pamberi diffuse goiter kushandisa medicated kugadzirira zvakagadzirirwa kubvisa ayodhini kushayiwa mumuviri. Muchiitiko chino, vanachiremba kazhinji mishonga "Jodomarin" nokuti mishonga yakanaka kwazvo ano.

Kana murwere akawanikwa akaipa thyroid nodules, kurapwa rinoitwa chete nokuda kuvhiyiwa. Operation Zvichienderana mwero kukura chirwere chinogona kuitwa nenzira dzakawanda, anoti:

• kukwana resection;
• Kubviswa hosha thyroid mugove;
• kubviswa yakazara thyroid shwanu.

Pashure pokuvhiyiwa, muitiro wacho kwaiwanzoitwa humwe kurapwa pamwe radioactive ayodhini. Zvakakosha kuti vakwanise kubvisa zvachose vakasara kenza. Ndavhiyiwa, murwere dzose vanofanira artificially kuita kuti kusava ayodhini pamuviri.

The nzira kushanda kupfuura vanyoro uchava Laser mishonga. Chiedza danda, anorwira Laser rinopisa uye anoparadza bundu masero vari pathogenic. Ipapo tishu scarring. oparesheni ichi rinoitwa chete kana neoplasm saizi haasi kupfuura 4 cm.

Kudzivirira thyroid nodules

Kuti tidzivise nezvinetso thyroid shwanu, zviri chokwadi kuita zvimwe matanho chokudzivirira, anoti:

• uchapedza zvekudya akapfuma ayodhini;
• kubhadhara zvakakwana nzeve kurara muzorore;
• atungamirire basa upenyu;
• kudzora pachiyero mahormone;
• achindireverera nenguva dzirikure zvokurapa bvunzo.

Zvinonzi rambidzwa kugadzirira yavo ine ayodhini, pasina chiremba kugadzwa, sezvo kungakonzera zvakakomba nemishonga.

Kupa tsika uye kudya zvinenge zvataurwa

Mabatirwo thyroid nodules kuva pamwe mararamiro utano uye kucherechedza chaiyo kudya. Chikurukuru, ose zuva muviri anogamuchira zvakakwana yakawanda ayodhini. The daily Kudya inofanira kuvapo:

• zvomugungwa;
• matope;
• kiwi;
• mazai;
• rye chingwa.

Iodized munyu anogona kushandiswa pakubika. Zvinokoshawo kuchenesa muviri muchetura, uye nokuda kuti unofanira uchapedza zviyo, bhinzi, beets, maapuro, muto, inwa mvura yakawanda. Unofanirawo kushomeka kudyiwa hakuvaki zvokudya, mafuta uye zvakakangwa zvokudya, confectionary, preservatives. Kudhayeta kunogona kubatsira saturate muviri pamwe zvinhu zvinokosha uye kudzivisa panowanikwa chirwere.

Matambudziko thyroid nodules

Pokumbononotswa pakurapwa uye kushaya kudzivirira zvirwere kungamutsawo panowanikwa zvimwe zviitiko. In ezvinhu vanoregeredzwa nodal dzidzo rworuboshwe akafukidza thyroid shwanu, saizvozvo rorudyi, dzinogona kubatanidzwa mune imwe multi-raiva pedyo nebundu goiter.

Nokufamba kwenguva, mashoko benign bundu anogona kuchinja mu nyanyisa, uye kurapwa kwayo vanoda oparesheni uye kuitisa kunzwisisa mishonga. Kana musingadi aite kurapwa nenzira yakakodzera nenzira, zvinogona kutungamirira kurufu murwere. Uyezve nodules kungaita kuti:

• nokuvhiringidzirwa metabolic pezvakaitwa mumuviri;
• chinetso pakuparadza;
• kubudikidza misha yacho etsinga harinzwi;
• kutadza kufema.

Pasina nenguva kurapwa munhu asingakwanisi kukurira aivapo chirwere, ndokusaka ari chiratidzo zvokurwara rokutanga hazvo kutsvaka rubatsiro kubva chiremba.