Toxoplasma: ichitanga nayo utachiona Toxoplasma gondii toxoplasmosis upenyu

Toxoplasma - a genus pamusoro parasitic eukaryotes, izvo zvinosanganisira mumwe chete mhando yakavimbika vakadzidza - Toxoplasma gondii. microorganism Izvi zvinogona chinozoiswa chero mhuka kana masero hwevanhu, kusanganisira Neural, epithelial, pfungwa uye mwoyo tishu. Nokuti upenyu aisafanira okisijeni, nekuti ndizvo anaerobic. The chikuru hondo Toxoplasma ndivo vamiririri katsi mhuri, muviri iyo nepano akawanda zvokukura kukura, akatendeuka kuva mukuru chikofu. Cats muri rudzi mazai chenguva duku, ichijekesa pamwe mutsvina yadzo zai eukaryote. Uye somunhu zvenguva nehondo pemhuka dzakasiyana-siyana inodziya-ropa rechiJudha chairo, kusanganisira vanhu zvinogona kusarudzwa.

Chirwere anokonzerwa utachiona hwakakura

Toxoplasma gondii, ichitanga upenyu rinobuda mumatanho wandei, kukonzera chirwere inonzi toxoplasmosis. Muvanhu, chirwere kunowanzoitwa hazvishamisi nyore uye pasina zviratidzo pachena. Asi kana iwe kubata utachiona panguva pamuviri kana panguva apo zvirwere ipfupi (semuenzaniso, pamberi HIV), zvinogona kukonzera migumisiro uye kunyange kukonzera rufu.

The nemamiriro Micro-Nhengo

Kuumba munhu mukuru akafanana kirisendi mwedzi. Front akaronga pezvakaitwa anokosha uhwo Toxoplasma iri vakanwa kuti zvomukati hondo. Haina organelles, asi pasina kwavari anogona zvakakwana kufamba nenzira zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope, uye rakatangwa mune kokusikuruu tishu masero.

Driving microorganism lifecycle

Ichitanga Toxoplasma upenyu zvinogona muchidimbu mbiri dzakasiyana inoti:

• kuwana ake katsi dumbu;
• kuti goho mazai kupinda kwezvakatipoteredza.

Zvinogoneka kuti kukura yose microbe zvinogona kutapukira chete mumuviri chete katsi. Into akura chisvetasimba aumbwa zvishoma nezvishoma, vachipfuura kubva chehupenyu kukura kune mumwe. The kutenderera upenyu Toxoplasma, ane zano iri pamufananidzo rinoumbwa anotevedzana vawana utachiona hwakakura siyana. Pavanenge vachikura, akazosvika kwemakore anoverengeka, iye akambomisa mana: trophozoite - pseudocysts - zvinyama cysts - oocyst (zai). Inotungamirwa vanhu vakakura dziri kuitika mumatanho akawanda:

• schizogony - weboka muchitokisi neerekitironi wezvamatongerwe muzvizhinji mwanasikana merozoites;
• yotunga - inotungamirwa zvigare mbiri itsva goko vamai muchitokisi;
• gametogony - dzepabonde kubereka nokuda kwemapazi;
• sporogony - bazi rakatanga mushure dzepabonde kubereka zygote.

Maitikiro eupenyu kutenderera: sexless

Asexual muupenyu kunoitika kune zvenguva hondo. It kunge, zvakare, katsi kana zvimwe kwoushamwari-ropa rechiJudha chairo mhuka, shiri kana goroondo. Trophozoites, kamwe mumuviri, midzi mune tsandanyama uye uropi masero, izvo zvinoumba sero vacuole pamwe brandizoitami, izvo zvaizoitawo kuti dzikwanise pseudocysts. Toxoplasma gondii haagoni kuonekwa ne zvirwere dzevanhu kana mhuka hurongwa, sezvo cysts zvakavigwa mukati veko masero. Uye kurwisa aro nemishonga hwakasiyana kuti dzimwe nguva kuparadza cysts zvose munyama zvingasaita. Pakuwanza mukati vacuoles kuburikidza kupatsanura inobereka nokukurumidza kuwedzera tachyzoites. Native musero watsemuka uye kutamira tupukanana kubuda, bata vakawanda masero utano. Tachyzoites vangazivikanwa uye zvinoparadzwa zvirwere, asi hazvina kukwana kuvamisa kupararira.

Toxoplasma: upenyu yatinofema. The dzepabonde danho

Kushungurudzwa uye chokupedzisira. microbe upenyu kutenderera kunoitika mumuviri katsi - nemhuka dzomusango. Zvinyama cysts zvinogona akamedzwa katsi ane utachiona shiri kana mbeva. Vakapfuura mudumbu, kukanganisa masero epithelial pamusoro ura duku. Ikoko bereka pabonde nzira kare, zvokuti pane spores oocysts vaviri uye mana celled embryo chisvetasimba, inonzi sporozoites.

With mutsvina yadzo vakagadzirira mazai kunze zvakatipoteredza. Vane mano kugona kurarama munyika, jecha kusvika 2 years, kana zvimwewo zvikonzero hazvisi akanakira zvavo pakuzadzisa. Mhuka uye vanhu vanogona kumedza mashoko oocysts nyore, unoparadza muchero asina kushambwa kana miriwo, kwete roasted kana mbishi nyama. Vanova panobva chirwere kune dzimwe wehondo, kusanganisira vanhu. Toxoplasma gondii hunosumwa kupinda intestinal masero uye, pamwe chete neropa nokuyerera riri richiparadzirwa munyika muviri. In zvomukati, anowanzodanwa muuropi, cysts vari kuumbwa, imwe neimwe ine mazana tsistozoitov - mononuclear tupukanana.

Nzira chirwere

Kusiyana katsi, murume anorwara Haibudisi cysts utachiona hwakakura munyika, uyewo mamwe vamiririri fauna of. Toxoplasma - a microorganism iyo mazai kunogona zvinenge kwese: patsangadzi, muminda dziri pasi, uswa, jecha. Munzvimbo dzose kwaiva katsi defecate.

Nhongai nayo utachiona vanogona kuva:

• Kubva katsi kurwara, kuperera iri kudzimika kana ayo nemate, weti kana mutsvina yadzo yakarova cover. Naizvozvo, zvinokosha kuti kugeza maoko nesipo vasati vachidya uye pashure rokuchenesa katsi tireyi.
• Kana kudya hafu-zvakabikwa yehuku kana mhuka (gwayana, nyama yenguruve), taita kushambidzwa miriwo, michero, miriwo uye miriwo.
• Vatakuri uyewo kuita neVadzidzi mutsvina yadzo pamusoro katsi enhunzi, mapete. Pashure kwaaita zvokudya munhu anogona kuva chirwere, unoparadza raparadzwa chikafu.

Asi hove toxoplasmosis kubva zvake mumhuri katsi hakusi nyore sezvo unogona kufungidzira.

Chekutanga, zvakafanira kuti katsi zvakanga mutakuri Toxoplasma.

Chechipiri, kuti cysts kuoneka mune imwe nguva. Kazhinji kwevhiki dzinoverengeka pamwe mutsvina yadzo katsi, asi kamwe chete kuti upenyu hwose hwemhuka.

Zviratidzo chirwere

Mostly vanhu havambonyari zviratidzo, asi dzimwe nguva mamiriro utano anobatwa chibharo sezvo chikosoro. Pashure pemazuva mashoma kana mwedzi, kuti rikwanise chokutambudzika chirwere anova chisingaperi zvakanaka. In varwere immunocompromised utachiona inogona kukonzera toxoplasmosic encephalitis, mabayo kana zvimwe anogumbura urongwa, izvo munhu akafa. Panguva pamuviri, Toxoplasma, izvo kunosvika upenyu kutenderera matanho anoverengeka uye haina uchaputswa muitiro dzichitama kubva nayo utachiona huru zvenguva hondo, chinoyambuka placenta uye mudumbu nenjodzi. Kazhinji izvi zvinoita kuti intrauterine rufu mwana kana kubva kwepamuviri. Zvave zvichinzi kuti chirwere chinowedzera kuchinja maitiro wehondo. Microorganism "chinokonzera" makonzo kana mbeva zvishoma kutya katsi, uye kunyange kutsvaka nzvimbo yavo yokugara. The chisvetasimba anoita izvi kuti kutamira kunyika inotevera chokutambudzika upenyu kutenderera, kana katsi achadya yemagora. Amutsvaka Kuwadzana pakati schizophrenia uye kuvapo ari nhengo Toxoplasma. Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti kuvapo chirwere zvingaita kukura paranoia kana zvimwe kuchinja nepfungwa.

inoongorora

Pashure chikuru chirwere muvanhu achiumbwa uye kuramba kwoupenyu hwose kutapata kuti microorganism. Kuti abatsire mukurwisa zvirwere zvevanhu kuuya immunoglobulins. Antibodies inokwanisa:

• neutralize muchetura kuti zvinowanisa chisvetasimba;
• kusungira kuna nayo utachiona masero;
• kuyambuka placenta, fetus aoma zvichiumba dziviriro pusa.

Toxoplasma IgG padzakacherechedza ari serum ropa, cerebrospinal fluid zvemapapu sputum nezvimwe utachiona zvakavanzika. Kana antibodies idzi dzinowanikwa uwandu 7/16 Sec., Akabva aidzidza mberi kudzidza kuburikidza polymerase cheni maitiro kuziva basa chirwere. Kuvapo rikwanise pavaipfuura chirwere - chikuru hweHIV - rinoratidza kuvapo DNA pakati nayo utachiona nezvinhu zvipenyu zvinwiwa. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti muropa muplasma toxoplasmosis zvinogona kuratidzwa kwete nguva dzose, kunyange zvakawedzera nechisimba.

kududzira zvabuda

Toxoplasma IgG akanzi "+" uye IgM C «-» inoratidza kukura anosimbirira kutapata upenyu. Zvose nhamba aine "+" anoratidza kuvapo chikuru utachiwana. Uye kana IgM-plus asi kubvisa IgG, panguva pamuviri rinogona kureva intrauterine hweHIV azvarwa. Kusavapo boka ropa antibodies lgm nguva dzose rinoratidza zvakaipa mugumisiro. Kunyange kana chirwere kwakaitika, zvakaitika kare. Naizvozvo, panguva ipi ngozi vanhu hakuchina.

Toxoplasma gondii, upenyu kutenderera chiri kunzwisisa ndiyo causative nomumiririri chirwere chakakomba. Asi chokwadi, raishanda munhu wose munyika kuti anorarama parutivi rwechipo katsi nguva yake "vanosangana" muuduku. Asymptomatic chenjera chokutambudzika chirwere asingadi ndirumbidzwe, uye chirwere chimiro kana keriya haikuvadzi kune vanhu uye vamwe vanhu vakamupoteredza. Toxoplasmosis ndiyo ngozi chete kana mukadzi ari pamuviri haana utachiona kare, asi akatora utachiona apo akatakura mwana. Saka, muna pauduku kana dariro kwekuronga mhuri havafaniri chete pachavo kukurukura katsi - zviri nani kuva dzinovaraidza wako, zvokuti muviri kwakasimbiswa upenyu-refu kudzivirira chirwere. Izvi zvichakubatsira kuchengeta utano Remangwana mudumbu uye kumudzivirira kubva chirwere chinouraya.