Triticale - chii? Kupatsanura uye anobatsira zvivako

Species uye dzakasiyana-siyana zvezviyo munyika vakaratidza rakakura chitsama. Rutoto basa pamwe zvirimwa izvi zvinokosha maitiro. Zvose nemarudzi vakapiwa vainyatsotarisirwa achangobva akakodzera triticale. Chii uye chii rinoshandiswa zvirimwa, zvose inokurukurwa zvakadzama munyaya ino.

A vakasvimha dzidziso

Dzosa gorosi uye rye chemasanganiswa kuti anosanganisa zvakanakira vaviri zvirimwa izvi, nyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu vakaedza kubva remakore rechi19. Zvisinei, zvinosuruvarisa kuti zviite kwenguva refu pasina kubudirira. Chikonzero ndechokuti nyore chaizvo. Chokwadi ndechokuti pakati okutodza yegorosi uye rye iri zvachose vasipo magene relatedness.

The spachiana pamusoro marudzi maviri zvezviyo Wokutanga akaberekwa kwakajairika takayambuka chaizvo kwenguva refu - zvisinei, muna 1875, pacharo tsika yakanga chena. Muchizvarwa wechipiri kunoguma chemasanganiswa iri nyore wakanamatira mubereki marudzi. Zvechokwadi, hazvina noitika kukura.

rombo masayendisiti

With pokumuka genetics uye maberekero zvipenyu akakwanisa kufunga chii kuunza rye uye gorosi yakaorera VaNefirimu anogona chete doubling ari okutodza muchizvarwa yokutanga. Panguva kugadzirira mashoko aya yesayenzi mhando iyi bota, oddly zvakakwana, kwatova. Akanga akaberekwa nokuda musayendisiti wokuGermany V. Rimpau muna 1888. The doubling of okutodza mune chemasanganiswa vakagamuchira zvaitika nomuzvarirwo.

Ndiwo mutsara tsika itsva nemamwe maitiro ari nekutambira pasimba mapurazi makore anopfuura zana okutanga. Pfungwa, ndiye iye kuti ndiyo mhinduro kumubvunzo triticale - chii? Iri ndiro zita kujairika kuti mhando itsva bota haana kusarudzwa netsaona. Zvino nezuva chikamu wokutanga mazita Latin nezviyo (Triti) uye kechipiri chikamu - rye (Cale).

kupatsanura

Pari, kusarudzwa basa pamwe triticale (mufananidzo netsika iyi inogona kuonekwa papeji) chiri kuitwa mirayiridzo huru mbiri. Vanodzidza nezvezvinhu zvipenyu zviri kuvandudzwa:

• zvokudya giredha;
• bota.

The akasiyana triticale rokutanga akura earing nguva uye ipapo mowed mutema dyisa uye silage. A pachena chinoratidza emarudzi aya ndiwo murefu.

Rokuchenesa zviyo triticale marudzi kunze mumukaka-wakisi okusimba. The zvichiguma kukohwa yakatumwa mukuru zvakadini pamusoro makambani zvinobatanidzwa kugadzirwa chikafu mhuka purazi.

kukura

Chokwadi, mhuka minda handiyo chete nzvimbo hwenyika, rinoshandiswa triticale. Chii tiri kuwana. Ichi vangasimudzira itsva mhando zviyo, izvo anoshanda, Chokwadi, zvinobvira kuti kugadzirwa hwakatsetseka. Saka, imwe nharaunda iri upfumi, iro zvikuru kushandiswa triticale, ndiye chikafu indasitiri.

Kakawanda izvi furawa tsika rinoshandiswa Somuenzaniso, somunhu chirungiso kubikira chingwa yegorosi. Kushandiswa kwaro anogona kuwedzera chikamu puroteni tigutsikane wokupedzisira chigadzirwa. Uyewo, furawa triticale, inozivikanwa chaizvo ehupfumi, rinowanzoshandiswa mune confectionery indasitiri. Nokuti kuti zviri yokuisvonaka gluten, ikabereka kubva mairi muffinit yakanaka kwazvo, nemakeke uye pizza.

Kunze rakapedzwa zvinhu zvakaisvonaka pakubika uye yakakwirira zviri nyore digestible mapuroteni, furawa triticale uye ane mumwe mukana unokosha. Chingwa, makeke, pastries uye zvichingodaro. E., Baked kuti kushandiswa kwayo kwenguva refu musaomesa.

Quite zvinowanzoshandiswa zviyo tsika uye doro indasitiri. Mumera akagadzira kwazviri ane yakakwirira enzymatic basa. Saka Tritikalevoe sana akasiyana zvishoma zvasviba ruvara pane bhari, uye doro akawana kwazviri zvishoma simba.

Zvinoumba kurimwa

Pasinei kuwanda anobatsira zvivako, maindasitiri kuziva "gorosi" triticale vakagamuchira achangobva. Kokutanga mumunda wezviyo mhando iyi vakanga wakasimwa chete muna 1970 muna Canada, US uye Hungary. Mune USSR, triticale rakatanga kukura muna 1976 (muna Ukraine).

Zvinosuruvarisa muitiro kudzidzisa chirimwa ichi munyika zvokurima kugadzirwa ichiri anononoka chaizvo. Zvikonzero nyanzvi kuona kunyanya mune dzimwe matambudziko kurimwa chirimwa ichi. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya zvadzinofura triticale mhando.

On silage ichi mhando cheka panguva padariro earing - kureva, kana zvichiri zvikuru pasi. Kana mukaka-wakisi kukura tsika kwave refu kwazvo hunde, uye nokudaro yekurara. Uye saka unganidza mbeu triticale kwakaomera zvikuru varimi. Vashandi Agricultural kugamuchira iskhitryatsya uye nokusima zvinhu, kushandisa chaiwo, zvazviri chaizvo kunzwisisa nzira.

Chipiriso akasiyana netsika iyi sezvo yakakosha vasati vagamuchira. Panyaya iyi, nyaya iri zvikurukuru Rumhangapanga uye mumwe mugove varimi kusadzidza Russian. Varimi havambokwanisi kunzwa chido kukura triticale. Chii ivo Chokwadi, vanoziva. Zvisinei, muna zvakavapoteredza nayo achiri kutenda zvikuru kuti chizvarwa yechipiri rwakakamukana triticale nevabereki siyana. Chokwadi chokuti minda chirimwa ichi dzinowanzotaurwa chaizvo rye uye gorosi yakachena chimiro.

Zvisinei, paradzanisa, kana kunyange nevabereki pereopylilis zviyo triticale anogona kwete tsanangudzo. Rye uye gorosi iri minda yayo kukura nokungoti vaiitawo iyi yokudyara zvokunyama kana kuchenesa. Kuti zvisaitika, anongoti nokubatanidza kucheneswa pamberi yokudyara kwazvo.

zvakanakira triticale

Kukosha bota ichi chitsva mhando riri kunyanya yokuti anosanganisa zvakanaka unhu zvirimwa zvakadai segorosi uye rye. Triticale kubva pakutanga mubereki chimiro "akatora" yakasiyana zviyo unhu, uye pazuva rechipiri - yechando hardiness uye nyore yokuzvigadzirisa. On chirimwa ichi goho, nemhaka vazhinji-flowered (segorosi) uye tillering (sezvakunoitwa rye), hunopfuura zvose vabereki siyana.

Uyezve, mukana triticale dzinosanganisira:

• tsime kunyatsobudirira midzi;
• kukwanisa kuzvidzora pollination.

Ane tsika iyi uye mumwe anonakidza chinhu. Inogona akura munzvimbo ine kumbonyanya anokudzwa zvokutapukirwa. Chikonzero chacho chiri pachena. Chokwadi chokuti triticale asiri anotora kubva muvhu radionuclides.

Useful ehupfumi

Kukura chirimwa ichi munyika dyisa uye zvokudya indasitiri zvinokurudzirwa kuti chokutanga nokuda raro pakakwirira mapuroteni kugutsikana. By ichi chinoratidza triticale tsanga yegorosi kupfuudza 9,5%, nebhari, uye chibage - 40%. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, imwe puroteni tsika iyi Zvakanakawo chaizvo amino asidhi sezvamunoita.

Kunze yepamusoro mapuroteni tritikalevaya furawa unotora anobatsira microelements akadai potassium, phosphorus, mhangura, manganese, etc. Uyewo zvinosanganisira vhitamini PP boka B, E. Mishonga ehupfumi youpfu unoita kuti yakakodzera chaizvo chigadzirwa vakwegura, vatambi vose vaya vaimbova kutarisa yake nhamba.

Kubika ichi chinobatsira chigadzirwa rinogona kushandiswa kwete chete bhizimisi asiwo kumba. Madzimai epamusha akawanda cherechedzai ndechokuti makeke, muffinit, nemakeke uye mabhisikiti kubva furawa akawana tritikalevoy zvikuru akasvibirira kupfuura zvatinosiita gorosi. Chokwadi, unogona muchoto izvi Semi-rapera chigadzirwa uye mukaravhani scones kana chingwa. A pachena chinoratidza zvinhu izvi ndizvo zvinofadza inotapira manakiro muvhuruvhuru. Asi goko kubva chingwa furawa tritikalevoy kuti anodzora hasha zvishoma uye wakatsemuka. Naizvozvo, vose kubika zvihwitsi kakawanda chigadzirwa inoshandiswa.

Kushandisa kurima

Fed zviyo triticale kunyanya nguruve uye yehuku. It akasimbisa chokwadi chokuti yaitsiva 40% yavo vakakwana inosimbisa kunowedzera kufuta Somuenzaniso, nguruve kusvika 18-30%. Sezvo nzeve triticale rinotanga kudoka, zvinokwanisika kuti adzikatidza "hwindo" pakati mowings yechando rye uye perennial rekushongedzesa.

Zvakanakira ichi zvemarudzi zvokudya, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kusanganisira chokwadi kuti kudyiwa nemhuka purazi nani zvikuru pane rye uye gorosi. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa anonyanya yakakwirira zviyo uye girini guru triticale zvinhu zvakadai carotenoids uye shuga.

Dzimwe nguva beveled tichifambirana earing triticale uye aidya mombe. Kunoitawo kuwedzera mukaka goho kubudikidza 15-17%. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chaiwo kukosha kuti mhuka zvokudya aunganidzwa kubva kuminda, ndipo chirimwa yairimwa panguva imwe chete vetch kana kubatwa chibharo. Izvi kurimwa nzira kunoita kuti vawane zvakanaka nepakati panyaya mapuroteni tigutsikane, mavhitaminzi uye kuronda zvinhu zvokudya.

Triticale: mhando dzabudapo Russia neUkraine

Nokuti zvose nguva kurimwa tsika itsva iyi wakasuduruka wandei ayo mukuru kuzvirereka mhando. To yakanakisisa zvinosanganisira:

• ADM 8 11.
• Kiev zernokormovoe.
• Kiev rokusamhanyira.
• Valentin 90.
• Washington.
• Pamusoro-soro Odessa.

Uyewo dzakakurumbira chaizvo muchando triticale iri pakati-giredhi akareba Papasuevskoe, sezvamakaropafadzwa yakakwirira nemishonga kuti pokugara uye zvachose. Mbewu akakurumbira akasiyana triticale nhasi zviri nyore kuburikidza neindaneti. Vakamira pamusoro 16-18 p. por kilogram.