Tundra: nevhu uye mamiriro okunze. Feature-achinaya mvura mapazi

Ndima Russian anonzi kumusoro pakati inoti wedu nyika. It Anotambanudza kubva kumabvazuva kusvikira kumavirira pedyo kusvika zviuru gumi makiromita. Uye kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba ayo kunonyanyisa kureba kupfuura zviuru zvina makiromita.
Tichitarisa Kureba nyika inopa zvakasiyana okunze munyika dzine rehurumende. Kuchamhembe latitudes, kutonhora kutanga kwayo nyika peArctic gwenga. Kumaodzanyemba kumatunhu munyika dziri mu inopisa uye dzisinganayi nharaunda, Semi-magwenga.

Russia dzinongoitika dzoga

Zvinotevera zvakasikwa zvikamu Munokudzwa pamusoro munharaunda Russia:

• Arctic mumarenje;
• achinaya mvura mapazi;
• -tundra mapazi;
• taiga;
• vakavhengana uye Deciduous masango ;
• inowanzorimwa;
• inowanzorimwa;
• gwenga mapazi;
• subtropical mapazi.

Arctic mugwenga vari chena uye chando pasi. Ivo necheni permafrost uye mazizaya akafukidzwa.

achinaya mvura mapazi inofukidza pamusoro 10% munyika. nharaunda iyi murombo kwazvo zvinovaka muviri uye manyowa. Pamusangano kudzika makumi maviri masendimita pane permafrost. Zvinomera zvinochengetwa chete mosses uye lichens.

Tundra riri muganhu pakati achinaya mvura uye taiga boka kubva 20 kusvika 200 makiromita. Zviri munzvimbo iyi yave sparse uswa nemiti. Ndivo zvikuru simba uye duku saizi. Chikonzero ichi ichiri chaizvo hasha ekunze uye ivhu murombo.

taiga mapazi riri munzvimbo ine inodziya ekunze. Idzi akafukidza zvakawanda munharaunda Russia, vanenge 60% of nhamba yacho. On Ndima yayo pane misipuresi spruce gobvu masango, uyewo shoma mupaini masango.

Mumwe mapazi iri kumaodzanyemba kuburikidza yakaorera ivhu rukoko uye ushamwari okunze akapfuma zvinomera. Pano, huru nhamba nemiti pfupi uye varefu, miti uye rekushongedzesa ose. An Kusara ndiyo nzvimbo Semi-mugwenga, apo zvinomera rakanyatsojeka murombo nokuda yakaderera kunaya.

Tundra: ivhu uye mamiriro

The kuratidzwa yezviri chirimwa basa yokutanga kuchengetwa musango-achinaya mvura wongoramba. Hungu, zviri ane zvakarurama hasha ekunze uye murombo kubereka. A yoga mubvunzo - chii rwevhu musango. Izvi pakutsvaga okunze yacho. Ivhu pamusoro achinaya mvura uye masango anogara achinaya mvura varombo chaizvo. Pamusangano kudzika kupfuura makumi maviri masendimita ari glei ivhu rukoko. Kukura chirimwa midzi ari kudzika kupfuura makumi maviri masendimita zvinobvira. Chikonzero ichi ndicho kushayikwa zvinovaka muviri uye permafrost ari rukoko urwu.

Russian achinaya mvura vamwe vatsvakurudzi kare zvikanzi subzone achinaya mvura kana taiga. Asi panguva iyi kunoratidzwa ari oga nzvimbo. Paiva zita zvakajairika - achinaya mvura. Ivhu nedunhu yakaumbwa pasi pokudzora zvikuru kunyunguduka okunze.

Mumwedzi yomuzhizha tembiricha kunosvika kunonyanyisa kwayo muna July kusvika 10-14 Celsius. Mumwedzi yechando, zvichienderana nzvimbo pamusoro kondinendi, anogona kusiyira kuti kubvisa madhigirii mana Celsius.

waterlogged ivhu uye permafrost

Pasinei yakaderera mvura inenge 350 millimeters, yakakanyiwa Russian achinaya mvura. Izvi imhaka akaipa reshiyo pakati mukova uye mwando kwemvura. Kubva gumi kusvika makumi matanhatu muzana zvachose munzvimbo rinosanganisira madhamu uye anezvimiti. mamiriro aya kuzivikanwa achinaya mvura. Ivhu, nokuda kwazvo ichinyongovedza uye oga pamberi permafrost nokuda yakaderera tembiricha anoumba paiva rakaorera zvakakwana kunonoka (nguva paumbwe imwe sendimita topsoil pane zana nemakore).

Kana tikafunga kuti mhando nevhu (tafura pasi apa) of Russia uye enzanisa ukuru wokubereka, inova zvinonzwisisika pamwero vanokodzera here kuti kurimwa dzimwe nzvimbo. Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti zvimwe zvinhu okunze kubvumira kuunganidza mwero dzinongoitika hwevhu. Chernozemnaya (mu tichienzanisa nharaunda sezvo achinaya mvura) ivhu nokukurumidza kunowedzera topsoil, vanenge 1 sendimita pa makore zana. Nhamba iyi ndiyo 5-10 nguva kupfuura musango wongoramba.

uswa

Kuvapo zvinomera vagara vandifungira okunze uye ivhu zvemupiro mapazi. Uyewo, uyu ndiye kutituma nokuda mhuka nyika. Shrub achinaya mvura uye AZHUTHA zvinosiyana zvichienderana zoning. Kumadokero chikamu vachikura zvipfupi Birch uye the willow subpolar. Kukura sezvo matema uye White spruce. Musi Kola Peninsula ari kukura warty Birch. In Western Siberia - yemisipiresi uye Siberian larch.

Simba mvura pamusoro ekunze

Nzizi reservoirs vane buffer musango-achinaya mvura nezvainoita utsinye okunze, saka rwizi mumipata zvinomera zvakawanda zvakajairika. Munzvimbo idzi, "rinobhadhara" achinaya mvura. Ivhu pedo nzizi dziri yakaorera. Mukuwedzera, mipata enzizi kudzivirira zvinomera pamhepo chisimba.
dondo foci kuumbwa kuti Birch, spruce uye larch. Ivhu mhando (tafura akapa pazasi) zvakawanda siyana uye rakaorera pedyo reservoirs. Miti kukakanganiswa zvikuru, dzimwe nguva kuremerwa pasi. Munzvimbo pakati penzizi anogona kuwanikwa kukakanganiswa sparse dondo nevamiririri siyana lichens uye mosses.

The fauna of iri siyana dondo achinaya mvura.

mararamiro

Mararamiro ari achinaya mvura mapazi chinomiririrwa marudzi akasiyana lemmings, shrews, makava, partridges uye poro. Tundra (ivhu mhando, uye anosarudza zvinomera zvakakodzera) nokuda siyana mhando nondo uye anokosha mafuro. A dzakawanda shiri dzinotama, kusanganisira waterfowl. Saka, pasinei nokuti hasha ezvinhu, dondo-achinaya mvura Russian vapfumi vamiririri mhuka nyika. nharaunda iri nyika iri rakasiyana nzvimbo. Panguva ino, masango anogara achinaya mvura wenyika yedu nokuda kworutivi akachengetedzwa kwaro yepakutanga chimiro. Chikonzero ichi vari, zvakare, utsinye okunze.

Kuoma kunzwisisa ugaro kwevanhu munharaunda iyi anosarudza rakadzika urbanization mundima. Asi ngatirambei tariro kuti kutituma achava ndichengetedze zvisikwa havasi zvipingamupinyi kukuparadzwa kwayo, uye zvinhu uye uye uchenjeri evanhu.