Mhando arthropods: mukuru unhu, kupatsanura

Redu rakazara nezvisikwa zvakasiyana chaizvo, zvakasiyana-siyana nemhuka uye zvinomera tine ikoko. Asi pepa rino, tiri kuongorora zvakadzama zvaimirirwa arthropods. General zvechadenga izvi zvipenyu zvicharehwawo aendeswe munyaya.

nhamba

Ndicho chikuru uye vakapfuma mhando mhuka. Representatives kune vanenge miriyoni imwe mhuka. nhamba yavo mumwe pavatatu zvose zvipenyu zviri pasi redu, sezvo mupenyu panguva ino, uye nokutsakatika. Tisati kurukurai mubvunzo "General zvechadenga mhando arthropods" (7th giredhi chikoro chesekondari vanosungirwa vana pamwe vamiririri kuti zivisa), zvakakosha kuziva kuti vakawanda zvinhu dzasara unexplored, nhamba chaiyo inogona hunonzi kusvika mamiriyoni gumi kana kupfuura.

Ndivo zvakakurumbira pose pose mumakungwa, nyanza, Freshwater matsime panyika. Inobva rudzi mararamiro ndakasarudza imwe mhando kunogona kuonekwa pamusoro shanduka uye zvokudya zvavanosarudza. Mhando arthropods, mukuru unhu iyo - chinangwa chedu chikuru, siyana zvokuti kuronga funga kupatsanura.

kudzivirira

Takatodzidza kutaurwa kuti mhando ine vakawanda masangano, asi pasinei siyana ichi, vose vane pfupi zvakafanana nemamiriro muviri. Tichitarisa mhando arthropods (general maitiro), tinoona kufanana - zvokunze marangwanda zvakaoma rinoumbwa chitin. Dzimwe vane exoskeleton kuitika munhu lipid, mapuroteni uye calcium yakawanda carbonate. Izvi suit yokunze anopa akavadzivirira uye anotsigira muviri. Uyewo, kuti goko rusvingo wanamatira netsandanyama.

Chinokosha ndechokuti nhengo zvose pachena kuti Molt, izvi imhaka ndechokuti exoskeleton asingadi kukura, uye panguva kukura mhuka inoda imba hombe.

muviri

Rich uye yakasiyana-siyana mhando arthropods. General unhu uye zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakadai segmentation. The muviri wose rakakamurwa muzvikamu. Dzimwe vanokura pamwe, umo nyaya dzinonzi tagmata, uye muitiro - tagmasis. Mumwe muenzaniso anonzi fused musoro uye thorax uye dumbu. Arthropods vanewo zvinoshandiswa pamwe majoini -. Ndipo zita, sezvariri rinoshandurwa se "tsoka zvine"

Tora tanga uye kupfuura chinyakare arthropods, mumwe chidimbu muviri wavo kwave chokuita chimwe chete peya zvinoshandiswa. Zvisinei, vakawanda mhando vakashanduka uye kushandurwa maoko nemakumbo, inoumbwa nemamwe zvivako, akadai:

• mouthparts;
• matavi anotandira;
• nhengo dzokubereka nadzo, uye zvichingodaro.

In arthropods zvinoshandiswa anogona kunge mapazi kana unbranched.

Manzwiro, gasi Exchange, ropa kutenderera

Vamiririri vakawanda zvakanaka dzakabudirira pfungwa (aiwanzopiwa wokushanda remubatanidzwa meso), kunyange zvazvo vamwe vasina ropafadzo iyi. The kweropa Hurongwa havana yakavharwa, haana nemidziyo ropa.

Gas Exchange kunoitika nenzira dzakawanda:

• gills;
• trachea;
• mumapapu.

Vamiririri vakawanda arthropods dioecious, kazhinji muchangosangana kunoitika nechomukati, uye mazai.

Mhando arthropods: mukuru unhu, kupatsanura

mhuka iyi zvakafanana, ichibata. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti vari vazukuru annelids. Kana zvakanaka vakaongorora, tinogona kuona kufanana chacho. Chinhu bedzi kukura uye shanduka wokutanga zvasvika refu azvipire sangano. Arthropods (zvakajairika mhando unhu, taxonomy uye zvimwe nyaya richatsveneswa zvakadzama) akakamurwa inotevera zvidzidzo huru:

• dzemugungwa;
• arachnids;
• Zvipembenene.

Uyewo, kirasi imwe rakakamurwa mapoka. Somuenzaniso, pakati crustaceans dzoga: Cladocera, copepods uye decapod. By arachnids zvinosanganisira: madandaude, mites nezvinyavada. Nezvipembenene Nhoroondo hombe chaizvo nhamba vezvikwata, akadai:

• Orthoptera;
• dragonflies;
• Diptera;
• Coleoptera;
• Hemiptera;
• Hymenoptera;
• Homoptera;
• inda, uye vamwe vakawanda.

Funga kirasi imwe neimwe yoga.

crustaceans

Hazvisi zvikuru boka siyana, rinosvika vanenge zviuru makumi mana marudzi. Zvikurukuru, vanogona kuwanikwa mumakungwa uye Freshwater miviri, asi pane vamwe nyanzvi nyika.

Kunyange zvazvo rudzi arthropods (crustaceans mukirasi, imwe tsananguro mukuru iyo runoonekwa muchikamu chino) mupfumi chaizvo, asi zvinoita kuziva zvinoverengeka kufanana kumugumo chino tinopa tafura kubatsira systematize kuti awana zivo.

Vari zvinoyangarara, zvinokambaira kana zvakabatanidzwa mararamiro. Pakati pavo pane kunyange tupukanana. Sezvambotaurwa, zvakasiyana arthropod segmentation muviri, vane kirasi iyi, pane gumi kusvika makumi mashanu.

Ngatikurukurei muchidimbu hunhu nezvaiitwa mumiriri mukirasi iyi, rinozivikanwa crayfish. Kubva zita zvava pachena kuti anogara mumvura yakachena. Basa raro zvakasikwa uye kuti vanhu chaizvo. Cherechedza kuti unogona kunyange kusiyanisa chitarisiko vechirume.

Basa kunokwanisika usiku, akadya chete chirimwa zvokudya, vakadya vose vapenyu uye akafa nezvavakatapa. nevanhu vakura vane saizi - gumi masendimita kana kupfuura, ivo Molt kamwe pagore, mune mhuka duku, izvi kunoitika kakawanda pagore.

Kufanana nevamwe nhengo arthropods, kweropa gadziriro haina kuvharwa mwoyo sokunge pentahedral bhegi uye vasiyana seri mutumbi. Zvinokoshawo kuziva chokwadi kuti musoro uye nomuviri zvakabatana. Tactile uye olfactory pfungwa unopinza nokuda refu ndebvu. Eyes pazvinhu zvakaoma uye flagella kuti reimburses ari kutadza kufamba musoro.

Mhando arthropods, arachnids kirasi: neimwewo muchidimbu

Sezvakangoita rapfuura Munhu akapfuma chaizvo, ane pamusoro zviuru makumi matatu mhando zvipenyu, vakawanda vacho vanogara panyika, asi pane vamiririri wechipiri hwemvura. Sezvazviri crustaceans, vane cephalothorax, kuwedzera kune ichi pane mudumbu. Ona kuti segmentation pasi shanduko (vamwe okusungisa hauna segmented muviri, akadai imbwa).

Rokutanga muviri chidimbu (cephalothorax) kwakunoitwa kwacho yegwara Mbabvu nhanhatu:

• Two maviri - maxilliped.
• Four vakaroorana - nogoschupaltsy.

On mudumbu hapana maoko nemakumbo, asi dzimwe nhengo dzekirasi ichi zvakachengetedzwa zvemapapu mabhegi, uriri ndiro kana spinneret.

Chimwe runoratidza arachnids - chinhu chokunze rukoko zvinosanganisira lipoprotein, iyo anodzivirira muviri mwando kurasikirwa. Most vane uturu dandemutande uye kenza. Kazhinji, arachnids - zvikara, asi boka guru kumusoro tupukanana uye herbivores. Kufema rinoitwa nevanhu pulmonary mabhegi kana trachea, asi madandaude tichibatsirwa mitumbi izvi zviviri. Nhengo nokuona, kubata, kunhuwidza uye kuravira dzinokudziridzwa kwazvo, asi vamwe chiratidzo zvikwekwe chose vasipo.

Muchangosangana anotora nechomukati nzvimbo, kuchengetwa zvimwe mhando Zvikwekwe nezvinyavada kurarama pakuberekwa. Kunyange zvazvo boka iri rakanyatsojeka siyana, asi chinonyanya kukosha mapoka akadai:

• Madandaude.
• Zvikwekwe.
• Nezvinyavada.

zvipembenene

Heino imwe tafura kuratidza huru zviri nezvipembenene.

Ndicho wevadukusa vadzidza mukirasi, asi hapana zvishoma zvinokosha kupfuura zvimwe, zvinonzi havaratidzi kudzidzwa nesainzi chete nokuti muduku.