Sezvo zvinogadzirwa mvura uye chando

Sei mvura aumbwa, anoziva chero mudzidzi mazuva ano, asi achiri inokosha refresher. Water mhute - asingaoneki asi nokusingaperi-aripo pakuderedza dzedenga yakapoteredza Pasi. In miviri zvose zvepanyika mvura kubva mumakungwa uye makungwa madziva maduku, kuramba kuenda pamusoro mvura kwemvura rikurumidze. Nokuti mvura iri vatendeukira gaseous hwemvura. The chaizvo mvura, asi nokukurumidza zvichaita sasana uye zvakanyanya dura nzvimbo, zvikuru mvura iri dzikwanise chiutsi. Vanhu havaoni kwemvura ichi, mvura nemhute kunoonekwa, umo dzaserera, apo condensation kunoitika, kureva, pane mukuru kukwira. Condensation - inofanira Kushandurwa usingaonekwi rinooneka mhute mvura. Mukuru pakuita izvi ndezvako rezuva simba. Iye otora hwemvura kumusoro kudenga uye ichichinja namakore. Mhepo, uyewo, anotakura makore pamusoro madaro marefu, kupararira panyika pamwe waizoita.

The mashandiro kuti paumbwe mvura

Sei madonhwe emvura adonhe kuumba? Kamwe gore chose saturate uye haagoni kutora hunyoro duku mumate kuwa muitiro rinotanga mariri. Anowira, Vakasunganidza nevamwe mumate kuti asike Madonhwe zvakatonyanya, uye somugumisiro anogona kuonekwa senzira mvura.

Panguva zhinji pave Madonhwe makuru, izvo zvinogona kusvika 7 mm mu dhayamita. Pfunha kuderera zvishoma pane hafu millimeter. Anenge asina nguva, akaparadzaniswa nevanhu madonhwe emvura adonhe duku pamunhu, uye zvose anowana kunyorova. Rain - zviri zvechokwadi gore kuti resets pacharo. Izvi zvinoitika kana mumate kana crystals, kubva iyo akasikwa, wakaitwa kukuremera uye vachiwira Earth. Meteorologists secrete dzakawanda nzira mumate kutendeukira kupinda mvura. Sezvo mvura aumbwa, zvinoenderana kuburikidza iyo mumate makore zvakaitika - inodziya kana inotonhora. Warm makore yakagadzirwa duku tudonhwe mvura. Akawira Madonhwe kazhinji dzikava pamwando mumhepo pasi. Uye kune akakura zvokuti pasi sezvo mvura. Kamhodzi droplet ichipfuura mugore, painenge collides nedzimwe mumate uye kare vakabatana, ivo kusika munhu donhwe guru. donhwe ichi unganidza zvimwe madonhwe ari nzira yako pasi. Mhepo iyo anotsvaira kumativi pakukurumidza anodonhedza anoswedera dukuduku mumate, kuwedzera kwayo uremu. rikawira dzimwe nguva rairema zvokuti chinowa kureba kuva gandwa.

varipiko twemazaya echando?

Sezvo chando siyana, mvura, chando - zvose izvi zvakavapo vari vakadzidza meteorologists uye vanoona nezvemamiriro ekunze kupa kwavari, uye nenguva kunyevera yevagari nezvemamiriro okunze akaipa. Mumakore nokutonhorera echando crystals nucleate mumate. Cold makore akaumba mudenga, uye akatamisira kunzvimbo tembiricha iri nguva dzose kuguma kuoma nechando (0 ° ^C). Makore ava musanganiswa mvura mumate uye chando crystals. Kana mvura runopwa kubva mvura mumate, zviri yakabatana crystals, kuoma nechando uye akatendeukira mugomba hwakasimba. Apo crystals kukura nokuwana mwando, vakatendeuka kupinda twemazaya echando uye vachawa kuburikidza gore. Asi kana kunze hazvina kunyanya kutonhora, twemazaya echando, pane pfupi. Vanoenda pasi akaturikidzana anofadza mhepo uye vanotanga itye zvakare kutendeukira kupinda madonhwe emvura adonhe. Sezvo pane twemazaya echando? Kana gore vari munyika dzine kunosiyana tembiricha uye mwando, zvinoitika rive chando muchina. Nyoro mhepo inodziya kuti kutakura donhwe remvura kunoitika chando makore yakaoma mapazi. Nokuda yakaderera tembiricha iri mumate -oma uye dzinoumba musimboti snowflake. Around musimboti mune imwe kuitira aunganidzwa zvidimbu mvura inodziya, akatendeuka kuva chando sekristaro. Mumwe flake rinoumbwa nomunhu crystals 2-200. Crystals vari akaumba pachando makore kumusoro pasi, apo tembiricha inogona akadonhedza kusvika -40 ^{° C} uye mvura mhute yaita chando, akatendeuka kupinda chando. Snow sekristaro inosiya gore uye inowira pasi. Chando sokuti yakajeka kana kuwa, asi chaizvoizvo dzakawanda twemazaya echando vakasikwa kumativi zviduku zvacho guruva, iyo mhepo vakauya kudenga, mvura nemhute inogona akapfupikisa kunyange nezvimedu kunhivi diki youtsi. Kana tikatora maikorosikopu simba, unogona kuona nezvimedu izvi, izvo zvakavigwa mukati twemazaya echando. Three-kwaigara ose twemazaya echando narosli kumativi tuduku zvisingaonekwi zvidimbu dzevhu kana pasi.

Chimiro twemazaya echando

Zvichida, vose vaiva nomukana kuyemura oma chimiro twemazaya echando kuti zvinyoronyoro kuwira kudenga, vari rakachengetedzwa pamusoro mitten kana jasi. snowflake ose vakasiyana uye kuumba ravo mamiriro pachavo inokosha. The chikuru chimiro echando crystallite kunobva tembiricha uko shaped flake. The kumusoro gore, saka zviri kutonhora. Nekuti mukuru cirrus, umo tembiricha iri pazasi ^-35 ° C, muri hexagonal prism kana gore tembiricha iri kuwanda -3-0 ^{° C,} iyo twemazaya echando vari yakaumbwa sezvo mahwendefa. Pamusangano tembiricha kuti -5-3 ^iwe C akaumba twemazaya echando tsono, uye kubva -8-5 ^{° C} dziri pembiru. -12-8 ^C. Kana ndiro kuumbwa zvakare. Kana tembiricha anowira pasi - kutora chimiro twemazaya echando Stars. Kuwedzera, twemazaya echando kuva kwakanyanya uye vachawa kurutivi pasi, chimiro chavo kuchinja. Kana twemazaya echando vanowa, Kukosa, chimiro yavo zvakakwana zvakafanana, ichibata, kana Haatauri Kuzungunuka kudivi, chimiro chavo anova kwemashifiti.

Kana mhepo pasi chando gore inodziya kupfuura 0 ° ^C, twemazaya echando ari kupunzika aigona uchanyauka, akatendeuka kupinda mvura, rinotsanangura sei mvura achiumbwa uye chando kutendeukira kunaya. Asi kana mhepo inotonhora zvakakwana, iyo twemazaya echando kuchabhururuka pasi, kuvanza chifukidziro wake chena. Kuwana pachake pasi, chando crystals zvichipera zvishoma kufirwa mapatani dzavo dzisina kusimba, chakatsikirirwa pamwe pasi pokudzora mamwe twemazaya echando.

Kana chando rinokundwa?

Rime zvinoreva hwakasimba kunayisa chinozova nhete paiva echando crystals. Kunenge panyika, uye zvinhu pasi muvhu nechando, kudzikama mhepo uye denga zvakajeka. Apo tembiricha rikawira pasi kuoma nechando nayo muchimiro hexagonal crystals ari tembiricha yakaderera - muchimiro nemahwendefa, pazasi -15 ° C chando crystals angafanana kungopotsera tsono. Frost siyana chero zvinhu, ane nomumativi ari kutonhora kupfuura mhepo: pauswa, pasi, matenga edzimba, girazi.

asidhi mvura

Kwemvura (mvura, sinou) dzakakwirira zviri asidhi vari asidhi mvura. Sei vari aumba? Manyuko panowanikwa iine acid mvura inogona kunge dzinongoitika pezvakaitwa (kuputika basa, kuti manyowa kuti miriwo residues), uye maindasitiri choutsi, kunyanya sarufa yakasviba (SO ₂₎ uye senitrogen oxides (NO, NO _2, N ₂ O ₃₎ kana vakapisa siyana rinochiwedzera. Unobva nounyoro mumhepo yokuumba sulfuric asidhi uye nitric acid. Kana acidic fuma zvazvichanyungudutswa mumhepo mumhepo nomuti mwando, asidhi ipapo pasi muchimiro kunayisa. Kana mvura, kusanganisira acid, inowira zvinomera uye pasi, kunokanganisa nemiti uye fauna of enyika.

siyana mvura

Dzimwe nguva vanhu vanogona kuchengeta zviitiko zvakadai mvura chitsvuku. Wechitema mvura - husiri nyore kuwana, asi unogona chaizvoizvo kuti chitsvuku. Sei mvura achiumbwa ane zvakasiyana ruvara? Somuenzaniso, dzvuku mvura chakaonekwa April 1970 muna Thessaloniki muGreece. mhepo simba pamusoro Sahara mugwenga akamutsa chaizvo dzvuku nevhu nezvimedu kumusoro kudenga, uye ipapo vakaenda navo mumba makore mumatenga pamusoro Greece. hova dzemvura inonaya shambidza ivhu kubva makore, asi Ruvara mvura yakanga Red imwe nguva. Muna 1959, Massachusetts vakapfuura imwe mvura yellow-nyoro ruvara. Chaikonzera akava kuchitubu mukume kubva miti akamutswa skyward. Uye muna March 1972, akawira zvitema chando muna French Alps: chando akanga mavara zvicherwa vakauya kubva Sahara.