US Internet kodzero Aaron Swartz: Biography, kubudirira uye zvinonakidza zvinhu. The Life uye Death Aarona Shvartsa

Brilliant vanhu nguva dzose, vakanga kazhinji haana zvinonzwisiswa vaairarama, uye chaizvoizvo akaputsa simba guru. History anoyeuka yakawanda mienzaniso yakadaro, mumwe unova US Internet nemumiriri Aaron Swartz. Iye akarwa kuti vakasununguka kuwana ruzivo, aida kuita musiyano iri yesayenzi mupfungwa. Zvisinei, mugumo akamupa nguva yakawandisa uye zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda munzira ...

Biography

Aarona Shvartsa Nyaya kunotanga November 8, 1986 mu Chicago. Akaberekerwa uye mumhuri wendarama wekambani kombiyuta - Roberta Shvartsa. Kunze kwake, mumhuri yakanga nevana vaviri: hama dzake Ben uye Noah. Asi Aroni kubvira pazera akaratidza imwe rakawedzera kufarira zvose zvitsva. Kwemakore matatu akadzidza kuverenga, uye gare gare pakugona kombiyuta uye zvirongwa. Maererano mhuri yake, kuti kudzidza chero nyaya, mukomana akanga zvokukwanisa kuverenga mabhuku mashoma, uye akanga akagadzirira kudzidzisa hwavo nheyo vamwe yokungotaura. Hatigoni kutaura kuti muduku prodigy yakanga vanozvikudza, asi yake nemano uzivi kuti varove uye akamuita kuzeza vadzidzisi.

inotungamirwa

Chokwadi, makore 7 vaAroni Swartz Ndarota kare chaizvo rinokosha mukwende zivo (kunyanya mu kombiyuta science), saka zvakanga zvakamuomera kuti vezera iri dzidzo chikoro nguva. Kwemakore anoverengeka iye chikoro ari oga rweIllinois, mumusha Winnetka. Zvisinei, izvozvo hazvina aenderane rokudzidzisa muitiro. Aidavira kuti basa rechikoro hazvina maturo uye chete tsvina nguva, pfungwa kubva pane kukosha kwaari. Ndava nemakore 14, Shvarts Aaron pamutemo sekondari akasvetukira munyika Indaneti uye cyberculture.

Iye ndanyoresa pana Stanford University, asi gore papera akamusiya. In chete mishomanana ake agare ikoko, akaita zvakawanda zvachinja mazuvaano zvigadzirwa gadziriro, achitanga raibhurari cataloguer uye anopera zvokuimba kuwana vadzidzi mumba.

Chimwe zvikonzero Aroni akabva yunivhesiti, aiva "digitaalinen kamura." Aiva mukuru theorist uye vaiita kuzvikoshesa dzidzo, uye saka vaiona ichidzvinyirira akavarambidza yekuwaniswa ruzivo nesayenzi kuti ariko munyika. Kuti anomhanyira vechidiki kupinda mumayunivhesiti, kuti vave nekodzero yokukwirira kune unyanzvi zvemagetsi yamabhuku. Naizvozvo Aroni Swartz akaona vavariro ichi zvoupfumi, vakasimuka kuchinja maitiro.

nyanzvi basa

Achisiya Stanford,-makore 16 programmer rents mufurati uye akatanga azvionere chirongwa - ane ruzivo portal, rinonzi Infogami. Mari apiwa Summer havaoni Program, iyo inopiwa asingashumbi guta yakasimba Y Combinator.

Gare gare, pamwechete nemari zvakafanana mubhizimisi Fund Aaron Swartz akasika chikuva kuti Infogami, rwakazokura hwaro web.ru nzvimbo uye Open Library. Chirongwa ichi chaiva chinzvimbo, ayo Implementation inoda Schwartz aiva mubatsiri, nemumwe. Naizvozvo, muna 2005 kwakasarudzwa chokubatanidza Infogami pamwe evanhu nhau nzvimbo Reddit. Panguva iyoyo, vechiduku Internet shasha akatendeuka makore 19 okuberekwa. Rakanga pamutemo nevamwe nokushanda chikwata programmers ounyanzvi. Asi hofisi haana kushanda kuti Schwartz mweya. Akanyora pamusoro uyu zvakadzama ake pachake Blog. "The kuchena Masvingo, vhudzi matafura uye ndachena ruzha" chaizvoizvo akamudzinga kupenga. Zvino akasarudza chisinganyari danho.

Reddit co-muvambi Aaron Swartz zvakajeka haana kuenda kubasa uye akatuma vamwe ake pikicha mumwe T-shirt akanyorwa "Vanopisa» (Vanopisa). Pashure paizvozvo, akatengesa danda rake kubudiswa imba Conde Nast, uye mari inenge yashandiswa kukura mumwe basa - Gwaro. Chirongwa chitsva kwava dzigare mairi ine mashoko pamusoro US policies, dzakanga yaunganidzwa kubva iripo zvinyorwa. Nhasi, zvisinei, nzvimbo haasi kushanda.

kwekuratidzira

Muna 2010, Aaron Swartz akavamba Raidiwa Progress dzevanhu boka. Chinangwa chikuru kwaiva kurwisa Internet kusenza, pamwe kukanganisa pamusoro Internet rusununguko. Boka rinonzi pachena vanhu padandemutande ritibatsire Congress nevatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika, vakaunganidza mikumbiro, achitsvaka zvireruke pamusoro simba uye kuparadzira mashoko nezvehurumende kuchinja. Kubvira nguva enyika kwekuratidzira yacho programmer.

Victory pamusoro Sopa

Yepamusoro basa iri Schwartz aiva kurwisa Sopa (Stop Online Piracy Act). In Congress, pakava mubvunzo pamusoro kuitwa mutemo mutsva pamusoro cybersquatting. Chokwadi, nzvimbo yacho yekudyidzana munotinyima Internet vanoshandisa 'rusununguko. Panguva nhau iyi voruzhinji akaita sei zvikuru nehasha. Uye kuvonga vose kuitwa Schwartz neshamwari dzake muboka. Mumigwagwa, zviuru zvevanhu vane kurayira kurega bhiri itsva. Ndandanda Congress akavhotera "nokuda", akakurumidza kuparadzirwa, uye zvadaro vakaita kunaka basa basa enyika. Nyaya yakaguma mukukunda Schwartz.

dare nyaya

basa kwakadaro haana kufanana nehurumende US, saka FBI wakadzikwa zvokuongorora pamusoro programmer. Uye muna 2011 vakakwanisa vamubate kudhanilodha mafaira kuburikidza University of Massachusetts raibhurari samambure pamwe private basa nesayenzi mabhuku JSTOR. Kutaura zvazviri, maitiro ake akanga asiri kugumbura. Kuti kuwana midziyo, inodzidzisa aifanira kubhadhara kuzvinyoresa. Aaron Swartz akaenda kucheka makona uye isisina servers. Zvaaironga nemabhuku, haina kuzivikanwa. Ungangove, akavaisa yakazaruka kuwana. Asi sezvo yakanga nyaya mudare nyaya dzose zvaifanira kudzokera muvambi. Kunyange JSTOR akanga asina kutaura kuti programmer, iye achiri akapomerwa uye asungwa. Zvisinei, nokukurumidza, akasunungurwa mari yechibatiso 100 zviuru. Dollars.

Asi chiitiko ichi hazvina kumisa Schwartz, uye pasina nguva akatanga basa iri basa idzva Dead Drop. Raiva akadzivirirwa mashoko mukoto venhau vanoda kushora zvemitemo matanho, asi ave kusazivikanwa.

Muna September 2012, Aaron Schwartz akaziva kuti mhosva akanga akavharwa. Uyezve, kune kare dziri kutyorwa akawedzera mamwe zvinhu shoma (somuenzaniso, tsamba chitsotsi, uye runhare uye kukuvadza yaidzivirira kombiyuta). Zvino anotarisana makore 35 ari mujeri uye wakanaka miriyoni remadhora ose.

rufu

In pemwedzi January 2013 kwaiva kuitwa dare panguva Schwartz nyaya. Vabereki, shamwari uye gweta dzake vaiva nechivimbo chokuti vaikwanisa kuwana uye hapana kurangwa vachatevera, sezvo mamiriro ezvinhu pachayo akaita yakasimba pachena mhinduro. Uye vanhu vazhinji vane vakauya kudzivirira Internet mumiriri. Zvisinei, pfungwa inobvira akavarambidza rusununguko woutsinye Schwartz.

January 11, 2013 iye akawanikwa akafa wake Brooklyn mufurati. Suicide chinhu shasha kombiyuta (Aaron Swartz aiturikwa nebhanire majini) zvakauya ndisingafungiri akazara nyika. Uye kunyange zvake pachake blog, akaramba akabata pamusoro ichi, chido kushandura nyika nyota rusununguko ruzivo uye zvaiita akareba uye kusimba. Zvisinei, zvakanga saka akatora upenyu hwake Aaron Swartz. Chinokonzera rufu nehana vose vaiziva shasha. Dzepedyo zvirokwazvo mhosva hurumende US zvayo kwazvo chiito. Pressure razvo, sokuti, akanga akasimba zvakare.

pfungwa vomunguva

Kwapera gore, mumwe muvhidhiyo inonzi "Internet-mukomana akabatwa njodzi yaitika. History of Aarona Shvartsa. " It starred hama programmer, uyo akataura pachena pamusoro Internet shasha, uye zvikonzero rufu rwake. Maererano vanhuwo mafungiro, Shvarts Aroni akava waitirwa zvematongerwo US gadziriro, iyo akarishandisa muenzaniso wokuburitsa simba rake. Kutaura zvazviri, hapana zvisiri pamutemo, haana kupara. Kudhanilodha zvinyorwa kubva JSTOR, kuti programmer haungavhenekeri kukuvadza munhu, uye kwete kuzonzi zvinhu zvinobatsira. Asi hurumende US, nyaya iyi inoita kuti kutamba mumaoko, kuitira kusimbisa kutonga yaro Internet nzvimbo.

Somugumisiro pashure Schwartz afa, zvikuru kuti aikwanisa kuwana nezvaanenge, zviri 6 mwedzi vari mujeri nyika. Asi mupfungwa chaizvo kumanikidzwa, kuti FBI zvokuongorora akavarambidza rusununguko nokuda muduku programmer raikosha.

Rwadza akanga atengesa ari Massachusetts Institute of Administration (with), izvo zvakava hanya kuti Schwartz nyaya. Zvichida waivawo pasi kumanikidzwa nezviremera.

Firimu "Vana Indaneti. History of Aarona Shvartsa "(rimwe zita) akanga akadzitira pamutambo muCanada uye USA (Austin, TX) uye akagamuchira zvakanaka kunyatsoongorora vateereri.

kubudirira

Pazera remakore 13, Aroni akakunda makwikwi vaduku programmers ArsDigita Prize nekuda pakusika asiri purofiti rokudzidzisa padandemutande mapeji. Somunhu mubayiro, akagamuchira kodzero kuenda Massachusetts Institute of Technology (the with), apo iye akasangana vakakurumbira vatungamiriri Internet, zvikurukuru, pamwe Tim Berners-Lee (muvambi weWorld Wide Web) uye Lawrence Lessing (Professor, Harvard University). Gare gare iye collaborated navo, vachitora chikamu kukura zvirongwa uye pfungwa pfungwa.

upenyu Personal

On upenyu Schwartz pachake anozivikanwa zvishoma. Maererano pamutemo shanduro, zvakanga wokutanga zvakakomba chitandadzo wenhau Quinn Norton (Wrided Journal). Vakasangana paakanga achiri akaroora. Pakati pavo pakarepo akavamba kubatana kwomudzimu. muchato wake akundikana, saka nokukurumidza pashure pokunge asangana Aaron Quinn kugara naye, pamwe chete nomwanasikana wake. Chikonzero kuparadzana hazvizivikanwi, asi musikana programmer uye wenhau kusvika pakuguma angadziyirwa ushamwari.

The chakakomba ukama wechipiri Aaron Schwartz hunovapo Taren Staynbrikner-Kauffman, Executive Director of Sum Of Us Internet motokari. Vakasangana mishomanana pamberi njodzi.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

• Mumakore 13, Aaron Swartz aiva nhengo rwekuita chikwata kusika RSS nhau zvokudya. Apo vamwe vakadzidza zera rake chairo, vakanga romuromo, uye pakarepo akaronga musangano ne jaya shasha.
• Ukama musikana Taren Shvarts akatora zvikuru kwazvo uye zvakakomba, saka kwemwedzi yakati pamberi kutongwa uye dambudziko iye zvinganaka kwaari. Akarota ane mwero uye pakarepo muchato kuti ichengetedzwe tsitsi uye ruzha. Zvisinei, musikana akaramba, dzichishandisa kuuya muedzo.
• Aroni aiva nomwero zvikuru uye kuzivikanwa nomunhu. Mumwe bhururu Uikler akamukoka kuti mhuri chisvusvuro. Asi Schwartz haana kunokanganisa wehondo, akati, akanga achitambura maronda colitis, uye saka inoomerera chaihwo Muterere. Somugumisiro, vechiduku Internet shasha aifanira kudya chingwa chete.
• In Internet kodzero Aaron Swartz ane namesake - the mutambi, zvakanakisisa kuzivikanwa nokuda yepaTV "Gossip Girl" uye "Ancient".
• Mavhiki maviri pashure pokufa Schwartz kurovedzera Internet kufamba "Anonymous" hacked private basa US Commission pamusoro vatevedzere mitsetse, wakauya kwaari, uye papeji yokutanga akaturika shoko kuti US machinda "vayambuka mutsetse" uye kukanganisa Bhuku Classified mashoko . Yaiva mhando kutsiva nokuda Indaneti shasha uye mumiriri.
• Pashure mutsaona Mumba nhengo dzakawanda Congress zvinganaka Mutemo wakagadziridzwa wokuita mhosva.

PS

Nhasi, upenyu uye rufu Aarona Shvartsa - chikuru muenzaniso rusununguko murwi kubva zvachose paIndaneti zvichiongororwa uye vasori pamusoro chikamu hurumende. Kubvira pauduku, akaenda nenzira yake okukura, kusava magariro uye enyika nemitemo nemirairo, uye saka vaunze pfungwa yakasiyana uye vakaedza ndivaise chokwadi. Asi Schwartz haana pakarepo zvinonzwisiswa vaairarama, uye simba rezvematongerwo enyika vachishandisa iye ave muenzaniso yakaoma kurwisana hackers uye kubiridzira. Kunyange zvazvo nyaya yake JSTOR haana chakaparira zvinhu kukuvara. Aaron Swartz aida kushandura nyika, uye zviri pamwe zvinobvira. kwekuratidzira ake akaita kunze chinokosha chaishanda paruzhinji kuziva.