Izvo zvinenge akaumbwa sero rimwe chete? mienzaniso kupatsanura

All mhuka uye zvinomera kuti tinosangana muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, muri zvipuka zvine masero akawanda zvinenge. Zvisinei, pane Microcosm inogarwa zvisikwa zvisingaoneki nemaziso edu. Dzimwe nguva ine sero rimwe chete. Naizvozvo, vangaona pasi maikorosikopu chete. Zvii zvinogona kupatsanurwa kubva chete-celled zvinenge?

Sechivako muchitokisi; Mufananidzo randinenge prokaryotic uye eukaryotic masero

Zvipenyu zvakasikwa zvinogona unicellular kana zvipuka zvine masero akawanda, eukaryotic kana prokaryotic. Mumwe boka rine pachake zvachiri marongerwo, physiology, uye nemakemikari omuviri. Ndezvipi zviratidzo sero prokaryotic? Chokutanga, ndiwo nyore sangano. In ichi mhando foni haisi chinoumba, uye mashoko majini zviri DNA. Uye nenzira iyi nayo "floats" iri cytoplasm. Uyewo, tsika chinhu ndechokuti mumasero izvi, hakuna organelles. mabasa avo vari kutsiviwa miganhu yacho cytoplasmic Kamudzira, rinonzi mesosoma. Vari kakawanda uye vane basa afemeruke kana photosynthesis.

In prokaryotic masero, pose chikwata hwakarongwa zvakaoma, t. K. Iye chinomiririrwa akawanda akaturikidzana. Wokutanga wavo - iri cytoplasmic Kamudzira - kunokosha akaoma basa chokufambisa kuti zvinhu pakati muchitokisi uye zvakatipoteredza. MTC aimiririra bilipidnym rukoko umo mapurotini siyana yakanyatsomira. Sero Uyezve prokaryotic rinosanganisira kuva cladding iro rine wokudzivirira uye adaptive hunhu. The rukoko wechipiri kunodzivisa ari kupinda kuti zvine chepfu. Inochengetedza kubva zvinokonzerwa kukuvadza zvinhu, kunyange zvazvo ari goko ichi rine parinogumira.

The wokupedzisira rukoko ari mudziyo pamusoro hapasi kuvapo. Chinhu slimy Case. Chekutanga, zvinobatsira mubishi foni rwokufamba, nokuderedza kukweshera. Chechipiri, slimy Case rine metabolic zvibereko masero uye secretion. Izvi zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa anodzivirira zvinangwa, kana, Ukuwo, arwise zvavo. prokaryotic zvinenge zvose ine sero rimwe chete. Ava chikuru utachiona.

Features eukaryotes

Masero Eukaryotic dzinoratidzwa avo kunzwisisa kwakaita sangano. Vane vakawanda idzodzo uye zvivako, uye vakawanda nokukanganisika pezvakaitwa vanoda muzvizhinji nezvevamwe makemikari uye idzodzo. Chii inoitwa chipenyu sero eukaryotes? nechivako Its rine zvinotevera zvinhu:

• Core.
• Organelles uye cytoplasm.
• The Kamudzira uye cytoskeleton.

Core - ine maumbirwo muchitokisi upi eukaryotic, sezvamakaropafadzwa majini ruzivo inochengeterwa. Rine okutodza uye nucleoli. Ivo basa kuchinjwa uye Implementation yokugara mashoko. Pakati organelles nemasero kusunungura:

1. Dvumembrannye Chimiro (plastids uye mitochondria).
2. Odnomembrannye mamiriro (lysosomes, Golgi midziyo, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole, peroxisomes, uye vamwe.).
3. Non-Kamudzira yakarongeka (ribosomes, cytoskeleton).

Eukaryotic Kamudzira mu mamiriro afanane kuti prokaryotes. Zvisinei, ine sangano zvikuru kunzwisisa. Sero Eukaryotic rinoumbwa zvikamu anonzi nezvikamu. ino zvikuru nyore sangano aibuda zvose nokukanganisika urongwa, kureva. To. Sero rakakamurwa nezvikamu siyana.

Protists - unicellular eukaryotic Utachiona

Pakati siyana eukaryotic zvipenyu kuti tiri, munewo zvishoma zvinoonekwa kuti ziso munhu. Ndivo vakadanwa protists. Idzowo yoga umambo iri taxonomy. protists All ine sero rimwe chete, saka kukura kwete microns anopfuura 250. Vari rakakamurwa mapoka akawanda, pakati zviri sarkodovyh, flagellates, ciliates.

mhando sarkodovyh

Izvi zvinosanganisira amoeba, iyo ine sero rimwe chete. zvisikwa izvi muivhu, mvura yakachena kana munyu mvura. muviri wavo haana kugara chimiro, runovabvumira kuumba inonzi makumbo, iyo protists izvi andobata zvokudya zvavo.

mhando flagellates

Flagellates akawana zita raro nokuda kuvapo flagella pakupera muviri. Rinoita masero dzakadaro kufamba nokukurumidza. Izvi zvinoita flagellates vavhimi zvakaisvonaka. Pakati pavo vane vakawanda tupukanana kuvakuru zvipuka zvine masero akawanda zvipenyu. Muviri kwakadaro venyama ane kugara chimiro nokuda kubuda dikita masero membranes.

mhando ciliates

Ciliates akaumbwa sero rimwe chete. Pasinei ichi vari evolutionarily vakawanda vakava pakati nyore. Pakanga kunyange dzidziso paumbwe mhuka zvipuka zvine masero akawanda vari zvizvarwa pairi kubva ciliates. venyama izvi gobvu muchitokisi rusvingo. Ivo varipo vari cytoplasm pamusoro cores zviviri: rokubereka, iyo anodzora kubereka, uye vegetative basa dzinotsanagura upenyu. The muviri wose wakafukidzwa cilia pamusoro ciliates. The metabolic zvigadzirwa vanobviswa kuburikidza rinokosha buri - poroshitsu.

masero evanhu: akasiyana-siyana zvitarisiko uye STRUCTURAL zvinhu

Muviri wedu zvipuka zvine masero akawanda inotungamirwa, sezvamakaropafadzwa masero chokuita nomumwe. Ivo nekufambisa mashoko kushandisa synthesized chiratidzo zvinhu. Form munyama, nhengo uye hurongwa, izvo zvakasiyana mumwe vakuru uye morphologically.

Chii chinonzi sero kwevanhu? Kana tikafunga masero upi zvinyama muviri, vane zvose zviri eukaryotes: yacho tsanga, organelles, cytoskeleton, kunzwisisa muviri. Zvisinei, pakati pavo munhu anogona kuwana kunze kuti kupa kusiyana imwe tishu.

Somuenzaniso, masero matsvuku eropa havana neerekitironi. Izvi zvinoita kuti vasunge zvakawanda okisijeni kana carbon dioxide. Zai inogona kusvika 0.12-0.15 masendimita ari dhayamita, inova ukoshi guru chaizvo kunyange masero eukaryotic. Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu dzevanhu vane peculiarities yavo. Vanoumba dzakawanda protuberances, pakati zviri pfupi dendrites uye refu axons.